Suchergebnisse

Begrepet siida er kjent over hele Sápmi. Så langt tilbake i tid vi kan vite, har siidaer vært der som noe som vi kan forstå som samiske lokalsamfunn. Det som i dag gjenstår av videreførte næringsutøvende og levemåtepraktiserende siidaer, er siidaer som har arbeidet med reinflokker som sitt sammenbindende element. Denne siidatradisjonen har vært levende frem til i dag spesielt i Kautokeino- og Karasjokområdet i Norge, det vil si i det området hvor det foreliggende studiet er gjort. Imidlertid lever den fortsatt i krysspresset mellom representasjonen av tidligere østlige siidaer i litteraturen og den forvaltningsmessige praktisering av reindriftsloven. Bildet av en fasttømret organisering i de østlige siidaer og opphør av de såkalte veidesiidaene har usynliggjort forbindelseslinjene mellom tidligere og dagens siidaer og også ført til oppfattelse av siidasystemet som ikke-eksisterende. Reindriftslovgivningen har på sin side skapt og utviklet et alternativt reinbeitedistriktssystem. Etter at siidaen i prinsippet ble anerkjent ved reindriftsloven av 2007, har problemstillinger og forvaltningspraksis med opphav i reinbeitedistriktssystemet allikevel fått lov til å prege tilnærmingen til siidasystemet. For å kunne rehabilitere siidaer og siidasystemet er det ingen veg utenom å plukke opp og ta utgangspunkt i forbindelseslinjene som ligger i videreføringen av siidaer gjennom tidene. Det går ut på å ta utgangspunkt i siidasystemets egne begreper, forståelsesformer og prioriteringer. I dag dreier det seg først og fremst om å ekstrahere og fremlegge siidaers felles begrepsbruk og tradisjonelle kunnskaper i arbeidet med reinflokker, men også å rette blikket mot tradisjonelle anskuelsesformer som ligger bak praksisene i siidautøvelsen. Blant annet ligger i dette et grunnlag for å synliggjøre settinger og tilpasning i forholdet mellom siidautøvelsen og dens naturgitte omgivelser, og også problemstillinger og sider ved avklaring av forhold mellom siidaer i prosessen mot rehabilitering av siidasystemet. Fastsettelse av ytre rammer for reinbeitedistrikter og siidaer har tematisk sett vært et møtepunkt mellom reineierne og offentlig forvaltning, et møte som så langt ikke har hatt siidaers tradisjonelle kunnskaper og tenkemåter som sitt utgangspunkt og sentrum for oppmerksomhet. Det foreliggende studiet tar for seg eksempler på tradisjonell samisk livsanskuelse og måter å nærme seg siidaer ut fra deres egne begreper og praksiser. Som reingjeteren forholder seg til kantene av flokken så forholder disse tekstene seg til betydningsfulle aspekter av siidaer generelt og ikke til det indre liv i noen spesifikk siida. ; Siidadoaba lea oahpis miehtá Sámi. Siiddat leat leamaš juo nu áigá go mii oba diehtit. Dat siiddat mat leat buolvvas bulvii doalahuvvon otnážii birgejumi ja eallinlági vuođđun, lea dat siiddat main boazoealut dahket siiddastallama. Dát siidavierut lea leamaš eallevaččat gitta otná rádjái, Norgga bealde erenoamážit Guovdageainnus ja Kárášjogas. Dat dattege ain almmolašvuođas cahket duvdahuvvan dilis, girjjálašvuođa dološ nuortalaš siiddaid ja boazodoallolága hálddahuslaš meannudeami gaskkas. Nuortalaš siiddaid čavga organiserema ja bivdosiiddaid bieđganeami govat leat jávkadan ovdalaš ja dálá siiddaid čanastagaid ja dagahan vel dan ipmárdusa ahte siidavuogádat ii leat šat doaimmas. Boazodoallolágaiguin fas lea ásahuvvon ja ovddiduvvon boazoguohtundistriktavuogádat dasa buohta. Maŋŋel go 2007 boazodoallolágain siida vuođđojurdagis dohkkehuvvui leat buorrin ieš sadjásis, leat aŋkke boazoguohtundistriktavuogádaga vuolggahan áššečoavdimušat ja hálddahuslaš doaibmavuogit beassan báidnit vugiid mainna lágiin ipmirdišgoahtit siidavuogádaga. Jus galgat máhttit fastain árvvosmuhttit siidda ja siidavuogádaga, de eat sáhte garvit bargamuša geaži gávdnat dain čanastagain mat leat doalahan siiddaid áiggiid čađa. Das ii leat earágo vuođđun atnit siidavuogádaga iežas doahpagiid, ipmárdusvugiid ja vuoruhemiid. Dálá dilis ovddemussan fertet lavdit ja ovdan bidjat siiddaid oktasaš doabageavaheami ja árbevirolaš máhtu eallogohkkema birra, muhto maiddái geahččalit čalbmat ipmárdusvugiid mat leat dagolaš siiddastallama duohken. Earret eará lea dás vejolaš oidnosii dahkat siiddastallama ja eatnamiid gaskavuođa meriid ja heivehusaid, ja nu maiddái siiddaid gaskavuođa gažaldagaid ja čilgejumi dárbbuid das go galgat bargagoahtit fastain árvvosmuhttit siidavuogádaga. Siiddaid ravdameriid čilgejupmi lea leamaš boazoeaiggádiid ja almmolaš hálddahusa deaivvadeami sáhkafáddán, deaivvadeapmi mas dán rádjái eai leat adnon siiddaid árbevirolaš máhtut ja jurddavuogit sáhkavuođđun. Čállagiin maid dás bijan ovdan, guorahalan ovdamearkkaid das maid sápmelaččat leat árbevirolaččat diđoštan ja vugiid beassat siiddaid lagabuidda alddeset doahpagiid ja doaibmavugiid bokte. Dáid čállagiid lean jurddahan lohkamuššan sihke siiddaid olbmuide ja earáide. Nugo guođoheaddjit bissot ealloravddain, de dáid tevsttaid guorahallamat nai bissot siidaravddaid diđošteapmin, eaige mana guđege siidda sisa. ; The concept of siida is well-known throughout the Sápmi. Far back in time there have been local Sámi communities called siidas. Siidas having reindeer herding as their unifying element are today the only ones representing a continuous practice of traditional siida livelihood and way of life. They represent an ongoing siida tradition up to now, especially the siidas in Guovdageaidnu and Kárášjohka in Norway, i.e. in the region where the present research has been carried out. This tradition, however, still lives under pressure from the representation of the eastern siidas in literature on the one side and the administrative way of practicing the Reindeer Husbandry Act on the other side. The image of a stable organization in the eastern siidas and the end of the hunting siidas has veiled the connecting lines between the past and present siidas and also led to an understanding of the siida system as non-existent. On the other hand, legislation on reindeer husbandry has led to construction and development of an alternate organization, the Reindeer Herding District system. The new Reindeer Husbandry Act now has acknowledged the siida as a basic unit, but issues and governing practices originating from the reindeer herding district system have still been allowed to shape the approach to the siida system. The process towards rehabilitation of siidas and the siida system contains no ways round the method of picking up the connecting lines between past and present siidas and taking them as our starting points. This implies taking the siida system's own concepts, premises of thought and priorities as our starting point. Today it means primarily to extract and present the siidas' shared concepts and traditional herding knowledge, but also to look towards the traditional world view behind the siida practices. This provides, among other things, a basis to elucidate settings and adaptation in the relationship between siida and its natural surroundings, and also issues and ways of settling different matters in the process of rehabilitation of the siida system. Determination of outer limits for reindeer herding districts and siidas has been a thematic meeting point between reindeer herders and government. So far these meetings have not taken the siidas traditional knowledge and ways of thinking as their primary starting point and focus of attention. The present research examines examples of traditional Sámi beliefs and ways to approach siidas based on their own concepts and practices. These texts are meant to be read by both siida members and others. As the reindeer herder primarily relates to the edges of the herd, likewise these texts relate to important aspects of all siidas and not to the inner life of any specific siida.

Temaet for oppgaven er parter i jordskifteretten, og hvordan relasjonene deres blir påvirket av forhandlingsprosessen i rettsmøter i forbindelse med bruksordning for vei etter jskl. av 1979 § 2 første ledd bokstav c. Hovedproblemstillingen er: Har forhandlingene om bruksordning for vei bedret relasjonene mellom partene? Oppgaven vinkles i første delproblemstilling mot utviklingen av relasjonene til partene. I andre delproblemstilling undersøkes partenes oppfattelse av forhandlingsprosessen i rettsmøtene. Deretter undersøkes det i delproblemstilling tre, hvordan dagens bruksordning fungerer for partene. Delproblemstillingene er følgende: 1. Hvordan var relasjonene mellom partene før jordskiftesaken, under forhandlingsprosessen og etter jordskiftesaken? 2. Hvordan oppfattet partene forhandlingsprosessen? 3. Hvordan fungerer dagens bruksordning for partene? Funnene viser at partens relasjoner blir påvirket både positivt og negativt av forhandlingsprosessen. Årsaken er hovedsakelig at jordskifteretten har skapt en arena hvor partene kan møtes, på godt og vondt. Den positive påvirkningen for relasjonene skyldes rom for diskusjoner på en saklig måte, slik at partene får forståelse for hverandres interesser, samt at partene møtes og blir bedre kjent. De negative påvirkningene for relasjonene skyldes synliggjøring av andre parters oppførsel og baktanker, slik at konflikter blir tilspisset. For flertallet av partene er likevel relasjonene upåvirket av forhandlingsprosessen. Funnene våre viser at bruksordningen, i ettertid av jordskiftesakene, har hatt en større positiv påvirkning på relasjonene til partene, sammenlignet med forhandlingsprosessen. Bakgrunnen er at ordningen medfører bedre samhold, på grunn av årsmøter og dugnader. Samtidig gir vedtektene rammer for partene og fungerer som et grunnlag for videre samarbeid. I tillegg medfører vedtektene færre konflikter, da de gir rammer for hva som er lovlig. ; The theme for this thesis are the parties in The Norwegian Land Consolidation Court, and how their relationships ...

Problems in the sphere of national security of Lithuania draw attention to the fact that the management and use of information as a traditional working method of law enforcement institutions is changeable because of the increased involvement of security services and their attention towards current threats to security. Observation over the running and fast changing integration processes in the European Union in the sphere of law reforms, provision of security and significant social processes, as well as their study acquire not just a theoretical but also a more practical importance. It requires a close attention within a scientific community, namely, the representatives of legal sciences. The work presents the current issues and latest trends of development in the sphere of law regulation of the public security stipulated by the adoption of the Law of Criminal Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania, which have not received yet a comprehensive and detailed reflection in scientific debates. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the implementation of this legal instrument in the sphere of secret activity of Lithuania's security at the present stage within the globalisation process. The author applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality and means and techniques peculiar to legal sciences. As a result, the significance and urgency of this legal instrument as a guarantee for protection of democratic values and human rights and freedoms have been emphasised.

Problems in the sphere of national security of Lithuania draw attention to the fact that the management and use of information as a traditional working method of law enforcement institutions is changeable because of the increased involvement of security services and their attention towards current threats to security. Observation over the running and fast changing integration processes in the European Union in the sphere of law reforms, provision of security and significant social processes, as well as their study acquire not just a theoretical but also a more practical importance. It requires a close attention within a scientific community, namely, the representatives of legal sciences. The work presents the current issues and latest trends of development in the sphere of law regulation of the public security stipulated by the adoption of the Law of Criminal Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania, which have not received yet a comprehensive and detailed reflection in scientific debates. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the implementation of this legal instrument in the sphere of secret activity of Lithuania's security at the present stage within the globalisation process. The author applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality and means and techniques peculiar to legal sciences. As a result, the significance and urgency of this legal instrument as a guarantee for protection of democratic values and human rights and freedoms have been emphasised.

Problems in the sphere of national security of Lithuania draw attention to the fact that the management and use of information as a traditional working method of law enforcement institutions is changeable because of the increased involvement of security services and their attention towards current threats to security. Observation over the running and fast changing integration processes in the European Union in the sphere of law reforms, provision of security and significant social processes, as well as their study acquire not just a theoretical but also a more practical importance. It requires a close attention within a scientific community, namely, the representatives of legal sciences. The work presents the current issues and latest trends of development in the sphere of law regulation of the public security stipulated by the adoption of the Law of Criminal Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania, which have not received yet a comprehensive and detailed reflection in scientific debates. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the implementation of this legal instrument in the sphere of secret activity of Lithuania's security at the present stage within the globalisation process. The author applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality and means and techniques peculiar to legal sciences. As a result, the significance and urgency of this legal instrument as a guarantee for protection of democratic values and human rights and freedoms have been emphasised.

Problems in the sphere of national security of Lithuania draw attention to the fact that the management and use of information as a traditional working method of law enforcement institutions is changeable because of the increased involvement of security services and their attention towards current threats to security. Observation over the running and fast changing integration processes in the European Union in the sphere of law reforms, provision of security and significant social processes, as well as their study acquire not just a theoretical but also a more practical importance. It requires a close attention within a scientific community, namely, the representatives of legal sciences. The work presents the current issues and latest trends of development in the sphere of law regulation of the public security stipulated by the adoption of the Law of Criminal Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania, which have not received yet a comprehensive and detailed reflection in scientific debates. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the implementation of this legal instrument in the sphere of secret activity of Lithuania's security at the present stage within the globalisation process. The author applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality and means and techniques peculiar to legal sciences. As a result, the significance and urgency of this legal instrument as a guarantee for protection of democratic values and human rights and freedoms have been emphasised.

Katalog einer Ausstellung zu den pakistanischen Stammesgebieten. Peshawar, Peshawar Museum, 27 November - 12 Dezember 2021. Pakistan zählt zu den ältesten Partnerländern des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) in Asien. Bereits im Jahr 1961 wurden erste gemeinsame Projekte ins Leben gerufen. Entwicklungsinitiativen wurden über die vergangenen sechs Jahrzehnte hinweg immer wieder an neue Herausforderungen und sich verändernde soziale, wirtschaftliche wie auch ökologische Rahmenbedingungen angepasst. Ein Beispiel für die langjährige und vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit mit Pakistan ist das FATA-Entwicklungsprogramm, das die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit im Auftrag des BMZ und kofinanziert durch die Europäische Union in der Provinz Khyber Pakhtunkhwa im Nordwesten des Landes umsetzt. Hier arbeitet die GIZ seit 2009 eng mit ihren lokalen Partnerinnen und Partnern an der Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der Bevölkerung in den Stammesgebieten entlang der gebirgigen Grenze zu Afghanistan. In dieser heute "Merged Areas" genannten Region liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf der Verbesserung staatlicher Dienstleistungen in den Sektoren Bildung und Gesundheit sowie auf der Reintegration von Binnenvertriebenen. Durch die Förderung von Bürgerbeteiligung und Selbstverwaltung, wie auch eines staatlich-zivilgesellschaftlichen Dialogs zur Entwicklungsplanung, unterstützt das Programm die politische und administrative Integration der bis 2018 weitgehend autonomen und von zahlreichen Konflikten geprägten Stammesdistrikte in die Provinz Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Die Region ist historisch und politisch bedeutsam. Mit dem Khyber-Pass liegt sie an der Schnittstelle zwischen West- und Südasien, was die einzigartige Kultur der Stammesgebiete bis heute prägt. Das Buch gibt nicht nur tiefe Einblicke in die Geschichte, Politik und in die reichen Traditionen der Menschen in dieser unruhigen Grenzregion, es legt auch ein beredtes Zeugnis über die facettenreiche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Pakistan ab.