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From a conception of philosophy that breaks with the philosophical tradition, Wittgenstein presents a human being perspective that surpasses the classic dichotomy between body and soul, legacy by Modernity, when thinking of it as an integrated whole, a psychophysical unit. This understanding is possible thanks to the understanding of philosophy as an activity and not as a theory. At first, the philosopher understood that this activity was limited to the logical analysis of language; however, considering the insufficient approach to dissolve philosophical problems, he gradually adopts the grammatical analysis of ordinary language, which turns to the uses of linguistic expressions, in order to identify the rules that guide the use of words with meaning. And so, attentive to linguistic practices, he understands that the human being is not divided into parts, but, on the contrary, that body and soul constitute a single reality. What is internal to the subject (the soul) becomes visible through the external (the body) from its behavior in the world, and this is how the human being can be understood according to Wittgenstein. Considering that the Wittgensteinian conception of human being is an offshoot of his concept of philosophy, the article first presents the development of his understanding of philosophy to then detail the concept of human being that constitutes and is understood through the language itself.

The purpose of IPBES assessments is to depict how the natural world and human societies interact with each other on a conceptual level. Habitat degradataion, eutrophication, fishing and climate change are examples of drivers of change that affect Nordic coastal habitats. Policy and governance are principal indirect drivers that both could lead to decline and deteriorations, as well as improvements and recoveries environments. Climate change will affect Nordic marine biodiversity profoundly in the future by changes in, for example, bio-chemical cycles and in the distribution of biodiversity. Such changes might lead to increased oxygen depletion in many areas, leakage of nutrients, changed thropic structures and spread of pathogens. It is therefore of paramount importance that effective governance is developed to mitigate impacts on nature's contributions to people (NCP) and to build sustainability and strategies for sustainability. Less overfishing, less euthropication, fewer pollutants and better land-use and nature protection are measures that will improve the overall resilience of Nordic coastal environments.

Esse tema é tratado em uma abordagem fenomenológica, notadamente a husserliana, destacando-se a concepção de corpo-próprio. A idéia central trabalhada concerne à intencionalidade e aos respectivos atos da consciência como sendo o "quê" nos mantém unidos ao outro no ciberespaço. O virtual será enfocado no contexto da filosofia, em que ele se mostra como dimensões do real. São trabalhadas as concepções de não-atual, referindo-se ao potencial, virtual, provável, e de atual, entendido como o realizado por atos, fazendo com que o não-atual se torne atual.

In this chapter, essential ecological and societal aspects of the Nordic coastal environment are highlighted. These show that local communities and stakeholders need to be more involved in decision-making because their needs and their ecological knowledge are essentialto this process. This also relates to Aichi targets 14, 15, 16 and 18 (see Lucas et al., 2015). There is the need to improve the monitoring of all types of NCP or ecosystem services and to critically review existing indicators that may be used to track the development of biodiversity and NCP. Only by actively analysing data and creating syntheses, is it possible to understand changes in the ecosystem linking biodiversity and NCP.

O presente trabalho analisa, à luz da ontologia marxiana, a formação voltada para a empregabilidade contida nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1998/1999), nos Temas Transversais (1998) e nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (1999). A análise desta problemática, com base nos fundamentos da perspectiva ontológico-marxiana, permitiu constatar que a formação na perspectiva da empregabilidade articula-se com as categorias da cidadania e do consumidor. A empregabilidade cumpre o papel de adequação dos indivíduos a um mercado de trabalho cada vez mais instável e em crise estrutural, tendo o campo da cidadania e do mercado consumidor como lugares naturais nas disputas e conquistas dos sujeitos sociais. A abordagem defendida pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais apresenta a sociabilidade do capital como algo insuperável e intocável, cabendo apenas transformar a consciência dos homens, capacitando-os para o enfretamento dos desafios de um mundo tecnologicamente desenvolvido e economicamente mundializado. A critica realizada por nossa análise, pauta-se na explicitação das implicações e limites dessa proposta para a formação humana, compreendendo que a proposta dos documentos analisados mantém os efeitos do trabalho alienado sobre o trabalhador, legitimando e naturalizando a desumanização inerente às relações sociais da sociabilidade capitalista. Quanto à vida coletiva, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e os Temas Transversais sugerem a cidadania e o mercado consumidor. Entendemos que essa vida coletiva tem uma existência abstrata e vazia de sentido, pois restringe-se ao espaço da política e do mercado, controlados e necessários à reprodução desse sistema. E por fim, tentamos demonstrar as possibilidades de uma atividade educativa que vislumbre uma formação para além do capital.

The article aims to identify as the main passions that run through the Hobbesian theoretical corpus. To this end, the exhibition will begin by analyzing the mechanism of the passions founded by the author. Next, it will be highlighted how unbridled passions make peaceful coexistence between individuals unfeasible, establishing a scenario in which conflicts are inevitable. Two passions will be analyzed in more detail: vainglory and fear. After emphasizing that the Hobbesian man tends naturally to his own benefit, to competition and to domination, representing a threat to the other, it will be pointed out how the State asserts itself as the necessary that aims to discipline like passions. This part of the argument will analyze as desirable passions for the maintenance of civil life, with emphasis on hope, the desire for comfort and delight, the desire for knowledge and the arts, as well as for fear and vainglory itself.

This 45th Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR or the Commission), which was presented to the Heads of State and Government of the African Union (AU) in accordance with Article 54 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the African Charter or the Charter), covers the period from 10 May to 13 November 2018. It highlights, among others: the statutory and other institutional meetings of the Commission; the status of State reporting; Resolutions adopted by the Commission; the human rights complaints before the Commission; the various interventions of the Commission on human rights issues including Urgent Appeal Letters, Press Releases and Letters of Appreciation; the human rights situation on the continent; financial, staffing and operational matters of the Commission; implementation of the Recommendations of the Executive Council and Recommendations to the different stakeholders.

This article is of a scientific and research nature. Its subject is the humane protection of animals, expressly declared by the Polish legislator in the provisions of the Animal Protection Act, as regarded in the context of wide access to individual use of fireworks by private persons. The author seeks an answer to the question whether the legislator's high-sounding declarations expressed in the Animal Protection Act, providing for humane protection of animals in Poland, are reflected in respective national or local regulations which would make it possible for the owners or guardians of animals to protect them against the effects of fireworks, especially against noise. The aim of the research is to indicate who, if it has not already been done by the national legislator, is authorised to issue regulations limiting the use of fireworks, in a manner modelled for example on Australian solutions, where displays can be organised by licensed, authorised companies, or in a manner whereby the owner or keeper of the animal is informed in advance by an announcement on the Internet or in a local newspaper of the planned place and date of the pyrotechnic show, so that he or she can provide protection for his or her animal by moving away from the venue in advance. The analysis of national solutions aims to indicate how the shortcomings in this area should be addressed by the regional legislator. ; Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter naukowo-badawczy. Jego przedmiotem jest humanitarna ochrona zwierząt, jasno deklarowana przez polskiego ustawodawcę w przepisach ustawy o ochronie zwierząt, postrzegana w kontekście szerokiego dostępu do indywidualnego korzystania z fajerwerków przez osoby prywatne. Autorka poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy górnolotne deklaracje ustawodawcy wyrażone w treści przepisów ustawy o ochronie zwierząt przewidujących humanitarną ochronę zwierząt w Polsce mają odzwierciedlenie w stosownych unormowaniach ogólnokrajowych bądź terenowych, które właścicielom czy opiekunom zwierząt pozwoliłyby zapewnić im ochronę przed skutkami wybuchów fajerwerków, w tym zwłaszcza przed hałasem. Celem przeprowadzonych badań jest wskazanie kto, jeśli nie zrobił tego dotychczas ustawodawca krajowy, jest upoważniony do wydania przepisów ograniczających korzystanie z fajerwerków, w sposób wzorowany np. na rozwiązaniach australijskich, gdzie pokazy mogą być organizowane przez licencjonowane, upoważnione firmy, bądź w sposób, dzięki któremu właściciel czy opiekun zwierzęcia zostanie wcześniej poinformowany przez ogłoszenie w Internecie czy lokalnej gazecie o planowanym miejscu i terminie pokazu pirotechnicznego, aby mógł on zapewnić swojemu zwierzęciu ochronę, oddalając się wcześniej od miejsca pokazu. Analiza rozwiązań krajowych ma na celu wskazanie, w jaki sposób braki panujące w tym zakresie powinny być uzupełnione przez prawodawcę regionalnego.