Suchergebnisse

The experimental studies relating to the effect of various types of radiation on learning, activity and manipulation, conditioning, and discrimination are discussed. The difficulty of inferring an effect in man, and the confounding due to uncontrolled variables are highlighted. Recommendations for further experimental studies are presented, and a comprehensive bibliography of selected material on radiation is included.

I. Theoretical Considerations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Simple Theoretical Models for Magnetic Interactions with Biological Units -- 3. Basic Concepts Related to Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Susceptibility -- 4. The Vector Character of Field and Gradient and Its Possible Implications for Biomagnetic Experiments and Space Travel -- 5. Rotational Diffusion in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 6. Distortion of the Bond Angle in a Magnetic Field and Its Possible Magnetobiological Implications -- 7. A Possible Effect of the Magnetic Field Upon the Genetic Code -- II. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vivo -- 1. Development of Young Mice -- 2. Rejection of Transplanted Tumors in Mice -- 3. Hematological Changes in Mice -- 4. Reduction of Irradiation Mortality Through Pretreatment -- 5. Lifespan Increase of Tumor-Bearing Mice Through Pretreatment -- 6. Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration -- 7. Effect on Drosophila melanogaster and S-37 Tumor Cells; Postulates for Magnetic Field Interactions -- 8. Magnetotropism -- 9. Plant Growth Responses -- 10. Effects on the Central Nervous System -- 11. Survival of Animals in Magnetic Fields of 140,000 Oe -- III. Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on Specimens in vitro -- 1. Tissue Respiration -- 2. Agglutination of Human Erythrocytes -- 3. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Fields of High Paramagnetic Strength -- 4. Inhibition of Bacterial Growth in Homogeneous Fields -- 5. Increase of Trypsin Activity -- 6. Magnetic Reactivation of Partially Inhibited Trypsin -- IV. Effects of Very Weak Magnetic Fields -- 1. Responses of Planarians and Snails -- 2. Actions of a Very Weak Magnetic Gradient. The Reflex of the Dowser -- 3. Proposed Mechanisms for the Navigation of Migrating Birds -- V. Bibliography and Indexes -- Bibliography of the Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Fields -- About the Authors.

A discussion of the uses of the Active Response Scale (ARS) developed by the author to measure the effects of COMM Is. This scale is based on the following 5 propositions: (1) 'COMM'M can & often do affect individuals' actions directly,' (2) `effect occurs as a broad psychol'al process, rather than on an eitheror simple learning basis,' (3) 'effect is not necessarily equally distributed among all recipients of a given COMM,' (4) 'the dynamic through which the effect process occurs is cumulative within the individual, going from a rather rudimentary psychol'al brush with the COMM to actually being activated by it,' & (5) 'if effect represents a uni-dimensional process that operates via a cumulative dynamic, it can be measured by Guttman techniques.' The ARS distinguishes 3 types of response to a COMM: rudimentary, emotional, & active. 'Thus far, the reproducibility scores for COMM's tested with the AR technique have been well over the 90% established as a minimum standard for a Guttman scale.' The ability of the ARS 'to offer relative measurement as well as to pinpoint contributory factors to effect suggests that the scale can be used simultaneously both diagnostically & metrically.' Res using the ARS has shown that 'the same individuals can & do react diff'ly to diff COMM's & that diff individuals can & do react similarly to the same COMM's.' I. Taviss.

One way to explain the effects of communications is in terms of their role as a connecting link between the individual & certain aspects of his environment. People learn to attend to communications that are likely to tell them something about aspects of the soc or physical environment that is signif to them. The communication leads to action when the individual in question attempts to satisfy one or more of his needs by seeking a better adjustment to his environment as a result of the information he has gained about it. Communications that are `useful' are thus likely to lead to responses; others tend to be disregarded. AA-IPSA.