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This is a brief overview of Sweden and one of its major public health issues--the elderly care system. This includes information on the location of Sweden, its population, and the type of government established. The public health issue Sweden is facing is the lack of quality elderly care with its growing elderly population. The affected group is the elderly community. There are several challenges faced in order to improve the quality of elderly care. Chronic conditions in this population have been increasing and are requiring more complex health services. A reform needs to be established by the government to require higher education for staff and nurses working in any elderly care facility.

Since the early 1980s and onwards, there has been a decentralization of power and responsibility to the municipalities for care for the elderly (i.e. there has been a de- crease in central state control). However, at the end of the 1990s and onwards, there were signs of a reversal in this trend as the government presented action and development plans concerning the municipalities' performance with regard to elderly care. The question investigated in this article is through which policy instruments this governing took place. According to the literature on governance, it is likely that governing will take place through "soft" policy instruments such as "information", "agreements" and "projects". The argument made by the literature on governance is supported by an empirical investigation of the content of the government's action and development plans. In addition, interviews with key figures responsible for the government's action and development plans show that the governing performed by the central state could be interpreted in terms of a compromise between two incompatible goals: on the one hand to increase central state level control to combat cases of poor performance within care for the elderly; on the other hand to respect the principle of municipal self rule.

Purpose
An increase in life expectancy brings about an aging society, necessitating increasing demand for elderly care services. The purpose of this paper is to present an examination of: how an aging society affects the demand for elderly care services and the labor market for elderly care services; how the labor share and wage inequality between the final goods sector and elderly care sector are determined; and whether the subsidy for elderly care service increases demand for elderly care services or not.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper sets the dynamics general equilibrium model with two sectors model: one for final goods sector and the other for elderly care services. This paper derives how the labor supply for elderly care services is determined in the theoretical model. In addition to analytical research works, this paper examines how the subsidy for elderly care service affects the labor share allocated for elderly care sector and wage inequality between the final goods sector and the elderly care sector with the numerical examples.


Findings
Related reports of the literature describe that an aging society raises the share of labor dedicated to elderly care services. However, considering a closed economy in which saving affects the capital stock, an aging society does not always raise the share of labor used for elderly care services because the wage rate of the final goods sector increases with an aging society. This effect prevents the increase of the labor supplied to elderly care services. On the other hand, the subsidy for the elderly care service raises the labor share of elderly care sector.


Research limitations/implications
The related literatures derive that an aging society raises the labor share allocated for elderly care sector. However, the paper shows that the subsidy for elderly care plays an important role in the increase in the labor share of elderly care sector.


Practical implications
This paper examines how the aging society affects the labor share of elderly care sector, wage inequality between final goods sector and elderly care sector and others with numerical examples. Thanks to the numerical examples, this paper derives the quantitative result and shows how the subsidy for elderly care service should be provided.


Originality/value
The author thinks that this paper has rich implications and originality. There exists no literature that examines how the labor share of elderly care sector and the relative wage rate of elderly care sector are determined by the aging and the subsidy for elderly care service. The author thinks that it is a very important analysis because many economically developed countries face the aging society problem.

This article presents an overview of the elderly in Kerala and describes various dimensions of elderly care and concerns, based on data from the Kerala Ageing Survey (KAS) 2013, conducted by the Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The article looks into the main issues, policies and programmes related to ageing and elderly care practices in Kerala and also addresses the basic care response at three levels: household, institutional and society. The ageing process in Kerala is witnessing an increase in the ratio of elderly population along with fundamental changes in families and communities. Hence, in order to accommodate the needs of the ageing population in society, various systems need to be reconstructed. The concerns and issues surrounding the ageing population requires long-term attentiveness and forward planning, where policies must be adopted with consideration for cultural and social contexts. Care for the elderly should focus on a holistic combination of health care, socio-economic protection and provision of a suitable environment for better quality of life.

AbstractWe present CARE, a context-aware tool for nurses in nursing homes. The system utilises a sensors infrastructure to quantify the behaviour and wellbeing (e.g.,activity, mood, social and nurse interactions) of elderly residents. The sensor data is offloaded, processed and analysed in the cloud, to generate daily and long-term summaries of residents' health. These insights are then presented to nurses via an Android tablet application. We aim to create a tool that can assist nurses and increase their awareness to residents' needs. We deployed CARE in a local nursing home for two months and evaluated the system through apost-hocexploratory analysis and interviews with the nurses. The results indicate that CARE can reveal essential insights on the wellbeing of elderly residents and improve the care service. In the discussion, we reflect on our understanding and potential impact of future integrated technology in elderly care environments.

Background: With the rapid growing of the older population around the world, care for older adults is becoming a pressing public health issue. To find the optimum and sustainable balance of informal and formal involvement in senior care is urgently important. However, it is still unclear how older adults' preferences for senior care are shaped by a range of factors at individual and country levels. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the roles of socioeconomic status (SES) and culture values in old adults' attitude toward senior care. Methods: The data from the International Social Survey Program 2012: Changing Family and Gender Roles were used to construct multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models, in which the associations between individual-level and country-level factors and their interactions on senior care preference were estimated. Results: SES indictors, family income and education level, were positively and inversely associated with older adults' preference for family senior care, respectively. Moreover, there was an interactive effect of the individual-level factors and secular-rational values on senior care preference. Conclusions: Family care is less likely to be preferred by older adults from societies that stress individual independence than those that highly value tight-knit family relationships. However, the cultural gap in the family care preference shrinks at a faster speed as older adults' family income increase.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Generating a Model of Quality of Life for Older Nursing Home Residents in Lebanon: A Grounded Theory Study -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Quality of Life in Care Homes -- 2. The Study -- 2.1. Aim -- 2.2. Method -- 2.3. Data Collection -- 2.4. Data Analysis -- 3. Findings -- 3.1. 'Relating' the Core Construct of the Theory -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Indoor Environments and Elderly Health -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Parameters and Health Effects -- Elderly among Susceptible Populations -- Recommendations for Improvement of Indoor Environment Quality in Elderly Care Centers -- Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Real World, Large Scale IoT Systems for Community Eldercare: Experiences and Lessons Learned -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Related Work -- 3. Eldercare Applications and Deployments -- Key Applications and Their Requirements -- Emergency Alert -- 1) Functional Requirements -- 2) Performance Requirements -- Prolonged Inactivity Detection -- 1) Functional Requirements -- 2) Performance Requirements -- Medication Adherence Monitoring -- 1) Functional Requirements -- 2) Performance Requirements -- Deployments -- 4. System Architecture -- In-Home Monitoring Devices -- 1. Emergency Alert Device -- 2. Motion Sensors -- 3. Door Contact Sensors -- 4. Medication Box -- 5. Gateway -- Backend and User Interfaces -- 5. Lessons Common to All Applications -- Lesson #1: Sensing and Connectivity -- Lesson #2: Data Storage and Integration -- Lesson #3: Alert, Escalation and Response Protocols for Many-to-Many Eldercare Model -- Lesson #4: User Interfaces -- Lesson #5: Network Management -- 6. Lessons Specific to Emergency Help Device -- 7. Lessons Specific to Prolonged Inactivity -- Lesson #1: Design and Placement of Motion Sensors

"Elderly Care: Current Issues and Challenges first presents an analysis of the ethical and societal issues related to the introduction of new patient and care/caregiver monitoring technologies. A comprehensive review of assisted living technologies aimed at helping elderly people to perform activities of daily living is provided, and associated challenges identified through this review are discussed. The authors go on to maintain how it is incumbent on the Lebanese government to find ways to invest in economic and social development targeted at providing accessible and high-quality services to its older population to ensure a respectful and independent life. Socio-demographic changes, social and economic developments, health services and financing relative to the elderly population in Lebanon are discussed in further detail. Additionally, this compilation investigates the impact of further training of care workers on the quality of care in nursing homes in Canada through a multiple regression analysis technique. An overview of the aging populations in Hong Kong, Japan, and Germany is presented. The perceptions of nursing homes held by older and middle-aged adults and their expectations of what nursing homes will be like in the future are explored. Following this, the effects of a non-drug pain management program for older adults in a nursing home environment are assessed. A review of substance use and abuse coverage in Medicare home health is provided in conjunction with an exploratory study based on interviews of a sample of 26 home care social workers in the New York City metropolitan area. In closing, the authors discuss the findings of two studies on home care aides in Maine and, from the perspective of the study participants, offer recommendations for improving job conditions"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the author -- Acknowledgements -- Dedication -- Introduction -- SECTION 1 -- Definition of scales -- The need for assessment scales -- Which scale should be used? -- Some useful properties of scales -- Who should perform the assessment? -- What is being measured? Domains of assessment scales -- In what settings should the scale be used? -- SECTION 2 -- Glasgow Coma Scale -- Abbreviated Mental Test -- Mini Mental State Examination -- Clock Drawing Test -- Clifton Assessment Procedure for the Elderly -- Barthel Index -- Modified 20-point Barthel Index -- Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire -- Rankin Handicap Scale -- Modified Rankin Scale -- Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure -- Falls risk assessment tools -- The STRATIFY falls risk assessment tool -- Balance tests in older adults -- Berg Balance Scale -- Functional Reach Test -- Tinetti Balance Test -- 'TURN 180' test -- 360-degree turn -- Other simple balance tests that are useful in a busy clinical setting -- Functional mobility tests: timed walking tests -- Standardised gait scoring and instrumented gait analysis -- Scales used in stroke -- National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale -- Geriatric Depression Score -- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale -- Short Form 36 -- Mini Nutritional Assessment -- Scales used in Parkinson's disease -- Scales used in pressure sore assessment -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Further reading -- Index

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the values of IT in elderly care.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an empirical investigation based on four in‐depth case studies concerning IT in elderly care. The study draws on Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) and Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) with a focus on different actor groups' sense‐making regarding the role of IT in elderly care. The empirical analysis is, however, influenced by Grounded Theory (GT). Values are studied through the concept of "value areas", which is a categorization of various actor groups' anticipated and experienced effects of developing, implementing, and using IT in elderly care.FindingsThe paper finds that the values of IT in elderly care can be organized in four related value areas: administration values, integration values, care values, and professional values. Research limitations/implications – Although the findings in this paper are related to elderly care it is believed that the value areas could be valid for all kinds of care work. Practical implications – The paper illustrates how different values are present during the development of IT, and discusses the importance of not only including, but also permitting, various actor groups' interests and values to influence the design process.Originality/valueThis paper examines the value of IT in elderly care, as well as presenting an approach for analyzing the values of IT. The paper and its findings should be valid for researchers, as well as for practitioners.