In the countdown to the upcoming European elections, analysts have been increasingly paying attention to the political alternatives that intend to undermine the current status quo in Brussels. Within this group, the radical right is preparing to expand its presence in the European Parliament, set to be strengthened by the Lisbon Treaty. This article explores the way these parties have dealt with the European institutions over the last decades, the changes they have been through, as well as the challenges that lie ahead. Although the socioeconomic scenario might favour its ambitions, the radical right still needs to cope with its internal fragilities. Adapted from the source document.
All elections have characteristics associated with the context in which they are held. European elections in 2014 do not escape this rule. In relation to European elections that occurred in the past, there are at least two aspects that contribute to the specificity of the event schedule. First, and the first time voters will elect a European Parliament (EP) with enhanced powers, after the entry into force in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon. The EP will have a greater capacity for intervention in some key areas, such as the free circulation of people, international trade agreements and the reform of the agrarian policy. Besides that, for the first time will also elect 'formally' the president of the European Commission. In this sense, the political majority that will leave the next European elections will have a fundamental weight to influence an important set of policies, including the annual budget and the policies associated with the fiscal compact. Adapted from the source document.
1. Indiçãcoes sobre a estrutura e o processo do "coronelismo" -- 2. Atribuições municipais -- 3. Eletividade da administração municipal -- 4. Receita municipal -- 5. Organização policial e judiciária -- 6. Legislação eleitoral -- 7. Considerações finais.
This article presents the results of a co-generative action-research, whose objective was to evaluate a didactic module designed from the Chilean presidential election of 2017, which was aimed at the development of civic competencies and the encouragement of expectations of future electoral participation of high school students. The research was conducted by establishing a collaborative partnership between the professional research team and a high school teacher, according to Greenwood and Levin's ideas. Specifically, twenty-nine students inquired and debated for four weeks about the proposals of the candidates, as well as the socially live issues associated with them. Subsequently, the students' ideas about the experience were explored through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and a discussion group. Complementarily, classroom observations were conducted, and the participating teacher was interviewed. After that, the information obtained was processed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results point to the effectiveness of the module implemented in the development of citizenship competencies and to the importance students give to the discussion of the social reality in the classroom, in an atmosphere of respect for diverse opinions. In turn, the conclusions identify several strengths and weaknesses to be considered in future applications. Likewise, they highlight the students' active role and the debate on controversial issues in citizenship education and suggest that these elements should be considered in the new Chilean citizenship subject. ; Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación-acción cogenerativa, cuyo objetivo de indagación fue valorar un módulo didáctico diseñado a partir de la elección presidencial chilena de 2017, el cual estuvo destinado al desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas y al incentivo de las expectativas de participación electoral futura en jóvenes de secundaria. Para llevarla adelante, se estableció una asociación colaborativa entre el equipo investigador profesional y un docente del sistema escolar, según los planteamientos de Greenwood y Levin. En concreto, veintinueve estudiantes indagaron y debatieron durante cuatro semanas en torno a las propuestas de los diversos candidatos y candidatas, así como respecto a las cuestiones socialmente vivas asociadas a ellas. Posteriormente, se exploró en sus ideas sobre las actividades realizadas, mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión. Complementariamente, se realizaron observaciones de clases y se entrevistó al docente. Tras ello, la información obtenida fue tratada a partir del método de análisis cualitativo de contenido. Los resultados apuntan a la eficacia del módulo implementado en el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas y a una alta valoración del estudiantado respecto a la discusión de la realidad social en clases en un ambiente de respeto por las diversas opiniones. Por su parte, las conclusiones establecen una serie de fortalezas y debilidades a tener en cuenta en sus futuras aplicaciones. Asimismo, destacan el rol activo del alumnado y la importancia de debatir cuestiones socialmente vivas en la formación ciudadana, por lo que se sugiere considerar tales elementos en la nueva asignatura chilena de ciudadanía. ; Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação-acção cogenerativa cujo objetivo foi avaliar um módulo didáctico concebido a partir da eleição presidencial chilena de 2017, destinado ao desenvolvimento de competências de cidadania e incentivar as expectativas de participação eleitoral futura em estudantes do ensino médio. Para conseguir isso, uma parceria colaborativa foi estabelecida entre pesquisadores profissionais e um professor do sistema escolar, de acordo com as idéias de Greenwood e Levin. Especificamente, vinte e nove estudantes investigaram e debateram durante quatro semanas as propostas dos vários candidatos e as questões socialmente vivas associadas a eles. Posteriormente, as idéias de estudantes sobre as atividades realizadas foram exploradas por meio de questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo de discussão. Além disso, foram realizadas observações de aula e o professor foi entrevistado. Em seguida, as informações obtidas foram tratadas com base no método de análise qualitativa de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para a efetividade do módulo utilizado no desenvolvimento de competências de cidadania e para uma alta avaliação dos estudantes quanto à discussão da realidade social nas aulas, em um ambiente de respeito pelas diversas opiniões. Por outro lado, as conclusões estabelecem uma série de pontos fortes e fracos a serem levados em consideração em aplicações futuras. Da mesma forma, destacam o papel ativo dos estudantes e a importância de discutir questões socialmente vivas na educação cidadã, por isso sugere-se considerar tais elementos na nova matéria chilena de cidadania.
The Spanish general election of March 14, 2004 took place three days after the bloodiest terrorist attack in Europe & opened a new political phase. The PSOE become the largest party & formed an homogeneous government with the parliamentary support of other leftist forces. The Popular Party, in power since 2000, returned to the opposition. The results were influenced by the terrorist attacks & also by the behavior of both the Socialists & the PP in the period before & during the election. Tables, Graphs. Adapted from the source document.
The complexity of the democratic transition in Indonesia creates the opportunity of an interpretation of the July 2014 Presidential elections and of the April 2014 Parliamentary elections. The purpose of this analysis is to identify signs of change and continuity. This article will focus on the electoral events of April and July, describing the protagonists and the campaign main issues in order to explain ruptures and continuities, similarities and differences. The text will reflect the tension between atavism and the drive for reforms which, since 1998, influenced the discourse and political life in Indonesia. Adapted from the source document.
