Suchergebnisse

Macintosh: Power Macintosh, Minimum Macintosh OS 7.1. + Windows: Pentium processor or equivalent, Minimum Windows 95, NT 4.0

Reviews urban policy in Belgium, particularly Flanders, since 1991. The remarkable success of the extremist right-wing party, Vlaams Blok, in urban areas in both the 1991 & 1994 national elections has increased attention to urban renewal & social housing policies. Today's urban policy consists of two main elements: (1) levying taxes on empty & run-down buildings to promote renovation & reduce speculation & (2) establishing a structural & result-oriented fund that channels significant amounts of money to problem areas. Also, inner-city areas are placed in a regional framework, arguing that administrative city boundaries should include wealthy suburbs, inhabited primarily by people whose livelihood depends on the city, as well as inner-city problem areas. Adapted from the source document.

The position of immigrant workers in the Belgian labor market & social security system is examined, based on statistical evidence. Total employment of immigrants has more than doubled, from 114,000 in 1954 to 245,900 in 1978. The proportion employed in industry has remained stable, while that in mining has declined & that in the tertiary sector has greatly expanded. The immigrants' young family structure is reflected in their relatively high share of family allowances & low demand on pension funds. Although there is no evidence of discrimination in the social security system, the immigrants' labor market position is unstable, especially for those who are not citizens of European Economic Community countries, which affects their social security rights; it is therefore suggested that immigrants be granted full citizenship after five years' residence in Belgium. 4 Tables, 2 Figures. Modified HA

Belgian policies & development aid for Sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, examining the priority countries to which aid was allocated by the successive Belgian governments in the 1990s & differentiating between bilateral support agreements & contributions to the African aid fund of international institutions & nongovernmental organizations. The principles governing aid distribution to African countries are outlined, explaining the notions of macroconditionality, selectivity, & ownership. Belgian aid to a group of partner countries, concentrated in Central Africa & representing historical ties (colony or a trust territory), is placed in the context of other developed countries' involvement in the region. The shift in African policy & new modalities of aid elaborated by the current Belgian government of prime minister Guy Verhofstadt are critically assessed, discussing the administration, management, & control of aid, organizational dimensions (geographic localization, distribution channel, & sector division), the inefficiencies of excessive compartmentalization, & the threat of defederalization (shifting decision making from the federal to regional governments). 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 18 References. Z. Dubiel