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This paper attempts to comment empirically upon certain assumptions about the relationship between social background patterns and attitudinal patterns in elite analysis. All political systems are more or less stratified and their elites constitute that minority of participating actors which plays a strategic role in public policy making. As the incumbents of such key positions they have a far greater influence than the masses in structuring and giving expression to political relationships and policy outputs at various levels of authoritative decision making. They wield this influence by virtue of their exceptional access to political information and positions and their consequently highly disproportionate control over public policy making and communication processes which relate society to polity and governors to governed.Usually exceeding no more than about five percent of the members of a political community, such elites not only know a good deal more about the internal workings of the pertinent system than do the rest of its members, but they can do a good deal more to give shape and content to general input demands and supports, as well as to formal governmental rulings at the national or sub-national level. Therefore, their behavior patterns represent a crucial dimension of behavior patterns in a political system, providing important clues to characteristics making it like or unlike other systems.

Briefly sketches the history of formal education in major institutes and professional associations and international co-operation in the social sciences in Ireland. Concludes that its development has been relatively late, slow and small when compared with the metropolitan countries of Europe. (GAW)

Address before the Am. association for the advancement of science, Boston, Dec. 28, 1946.

In this study, Goffredo Adinolfi attempts to trace the political and professional profiles of the ministers who served under Mussolini between 1922 and 1943. He succeeds in highlighting three of the principal characteristics of these governments: the concentration of the main portfolios
into the hands of Mussolini himself; the existence of an ex-Nationalist ministerial elite within Mussolini's cabinets; and the high degree of ministerial mobility of the remaining ministers. The problem of the Cabinet's importance as the only Fascist governmental body that met
regularly throughout Mussolini's twenty-year regime is only briefly touched upon.

A review essay on books by (1) Kim S. Cameron, Jane E. Dutton, & Robert E. Quinn (Eds), Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Disciple (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2003); (2) Howard Gardner, Milhaly Csikszentmihalyi, & William Damon, Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meets (New York: Basic, 2001); & (3) Martin E. P. Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: Free Press, 2002). 41 References.