Suchergebnisse

Der Autor untersucht die soziale Rekrutierung der Eliten sowie ihre unterschiedlichen Karrieremuster in Politik und Wirtschaft in Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien. Das vorgestellte Datenmaterial weist auf eine große Übereinstimmung in der sozialen Rekrutierung der administrativen und der Wirtschaftseliten, aber auch auf tiefgreifende Unterschiede in der sozialen Zusammensetzung der politischen Eliten der drei Länder hin. Hinsichtlich der Ausgangsfrage nach nationalen oder transnationalen Eliten lässt dies eine zentrale Schlussfolgerung zu: Auch wenn der Weg zu transnationalen Eliten aufgrund der unterschiedlichen nationalen Karrierepfade noch weit sein wird, so dürfte diese Entwicklung in der Wirtschaft und in geringerem Maße auch in der Verwaltung noch deutlich schneller vorankommen als in der Politik. Die gemeinsame soziale Herkunft aus dem Bürgertum wird den Prozess der Angleichung erleichtern, so dass die Vereinheitlichung zu einer transnationalen Elite nach Einschätzung des Autors am ehesten für das Großbürgertum, d.h. in den Spitzen der Wirtschaft, der freien Berufe und zum Teil auch in der Verwaltung zu erwarten sein dürfte. (ICI2)

AbstractIn this framing article for the special issue we contrast the aims and ambitions of three core approaches to elites in transnational policy networks and highlight where they have productive overlaps. The core approaches employ three distinctive theoretical lenses in their investigations: fields, hegemony, and institutions. We discuss how these approaches trace elites in transnational policymaking and associated methods, such as network analysis, sequence analysis and field theory, which highlight different aspects of how elites in transnational policy networks operate. Most of the contributions are concerned with mapping out elite careers and why career trajectories matter for field and network positions in transnational policymaking. While the contributions share this in common, we highlight the different ways in which the approaches can be used to dissect the same issues. Our contributions include pieces on the Trump administration, the professional ecologies of transnational policy elites, the treatment of transboundary political problems, the characteristics of technocratic elites, the racial and gender composition of transnational elites, and professional competition over transnational policy issues.

AbstractSince the global financial crisis, international corporate taxation has risen to the top of the global political agenda, as political leaders have called for collective action to shore up corporate tax systems. However, high‐level political initiative alone does not create new international corporate tax rules. Rather, these transnational governance processes are centrally driven by elite tax professionals competing for prestige and influence. In this article, I investigate this competition in the case of one crucial post‐crisis reform – the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. I argue that hierarchies of prestige and influence for elite professionals in transnational tax governance are based on strategic combinations of career resources in issue‐specific 'linked ecologies'. In particular, I detail the expertise and network positioning of elite professionals, and discuss how these resources were mobilized in competitions for professional authority, which in turn shaped the transnational policy process. Evidence is drawn from qualitative interviews and career analysis.

Although elite alliances demonstrate significance influence on macrostructural processes, it is contended that political elites also possess strong ties with actors involved in social movements, in particular, transnational environmental movements. The extent of these ties is explored by reviewing contemporary literature on how political elites affect social movements & how social movements have been conceptualized as social networks. Data from the 1993 Yearbook of International Organizations were analyzed to confirm the following hypotheses: transnational organizations that function as consultants & have informal connections with multiple intergovernmental organizations & UN agencies will occupy a more central place within the environmental transnational organization network. Whereas the findings confirm the supposition regarding informal connections, they fail to support consultative status; multiple explanations for these results are offered. The study's implications for future research on political elites & elite alliances are also considered. 4 Tables, 62 References. J. W. Parker

Transnational terrorism is analyzed as a political resource or, more specifically, as a means of political communication. To examine how terrorists have used the media, a content analysis was performed of the coverage given to a selected sample of 158 incidents of transnational terrorism, between 1968 & 1974, by 2 major daily newspapers of the Western world: The New York Times, & The Times of London. Findings indicate that while transnational terrorism does generate a considerable amount of press attention, the particular type of coverage it receives would appear to undermine the effectiveness of terrorism as a communications strategy. 10 Tables, Appendix. HA.