Suchergebnisse

Der demografische Wandel ist schon lange absehbar, hat jedoch nicht immer zu einer vorausschauenden Gestaltung der politischen Rahmenbedingungen geführt. Diese Studie zeigt auf, dass der demografische Wandel sich gerade noch einmal deutlich beschleunigt und damit ein entschlossenes und zeitnahes Handeln erfordert. Die Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter könnte ab sofort flächendeckend sinken, wenn dies nicht durch Zuwanderung kompensiert wird. Diese Studie analysiert die Altersstruktur in allen 401 Stadt- und Landkreisen Deutschlands. In allen Regionen ist die Gruppe der 60- bis 64-Jährigen größer als die Gruppe der 15- bis 19-Jährigen. Die Älteren werden bei ihrem Renteneintritt also eine Lücke am Arbeitsmarkt hinterlassen, die die jeweils ortsansässigen Jüngeren nicht vollständig schließen können. Ohne Zuwanderung könnte es deswegen von 2019 bis 2024 in allen Regionen mehr Renteneintritte als Arbeitsmarkteintritte geben. Dies ist als Gedankenexperiment zu verstehen und nicht als Prognose, da in der Realität stets Wanderungsbewegungen stattfinden und sich auch die Erwerbsbeteiligung laufend verändert. Von 2014 bis 2019 zeigte sich der demografisch induzierte Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials vor allem in Ostdeutschland. Von 2019 bis 2024 werden jedoch auch Westdeutschland und alle großen Städte auf Zuwanderung angewiesen sein, um ihre Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter konstant zu halten. Da Binnenwanderung innerhalb Deutschlands ein Nullsummenspiel ist, braucht es für eine gesamtdeutsche Stabilisierung des Arbeitskräftepotenzials qualifizierte Zuwanderung aus dem Ausland. Der Rückgang des Arbeitskräftepotenzials trifft keineswegs nur die ländlichen Räume. Die meisten Städte und Landkreise haben ähnliche demografische Voraussetzungen. Es ist lediglich die Gruppe der besonders stark von einem Rückgang bedrohten Regionen, in der ländliche Kreise mit 45 von 49 die große Mehrheit stellen. Diese Gruppe sollte sich besonders um Zuwanderung bemühen, auch die vier städtischen Kreise Greiz, Gera, der Erzgebirgskreis und das Weimarer Land. Für den Arbeitsmarkt ist letztlich nicht nur die Entwicklung des Arbeitskräftepotenzials relevant, sondern auch, wie gut es genutzt wird. Die positive Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigenzahlen der letzten Jahre hing stark von Zuwanderung und steigenden Erwerbstätigenquoten ab. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen, Mittelqualifizierten und Menschen im Alter 55 bis 59 ist bereits stark gestiegen und dürfte künftig daher deutlich weniger zur Entlastung des Arbeitsmarktes beitragen als bisher. Es sollten also weitere Zielgruppen stärker in den Arbeitsmarkt integriert werden. Zudem gilt es, dauerhaft eine hohe Anzahl qualifizierter Zuwanderer zu gewinnen. Im Pandemiejahr 2020 sank die Bevölkerung Deutschlands erstmals seit neun Jahren, hauptsächlich, weil die Nettozuwanderung 85.000 Menschen niedriger war als im Vorjahr. Dies verdeutlicht, wie abhängig Deutschlands Bevölkerungsentwicklung be-reits von Zuwanderung ist. [.] ; Demographic change has been foreseeable for a long time, but has not always led to forward-looking policies. This study shows that demographic change is accelerating significantly and thus requires decisive and timely action. The working-age population could start to decline now and everywhere if this is not compensated for by immigration. This study analyzes the age structure in all 401 urban and rural districts in Germany. In all regions, the group of 60- to 64-year-olds is larger than the group of 15- to 19-year-olds. This means that when the older people retire, there will not be enough younger people from the same area to fill the gap. Without immigration, there could therefore be more retirements than entries into the labor market in all regions from 2019 to 2024. This is to be understood as a thought experiment and not as a forecast, since in reality there are always migratory movements, as well as labor force participation is constantly changing. From 2014 to 2019, the demographically induced decline of the labor force has affected primarily eastern Germany. From 2019 to 2024, western Germany and all major cities will also be dependent on immigration to keep their working-age populations constant. Since internal migration within Germany is a zero-sum game, qualified immigration from abroad is needed to stabilize the labor force potential throughout Germany. The decline in the labor force potential does not only affect rural areas. Most cities and rural districts have similar demographic preconditions. It is only the group of regions particularly threatened by a decline in which rural counties make up the large majority (45 out of 49). This group should make a special effort to attract immigrants. Ultimately, it is not only the development of the labor potential that is relevant for the labor market, but also how well it is used. The positive development of employment figures in recent years was based on rising employment rates and high immigration numbers. The labor force participation of women, the mid-qualified and people aged 55 to 59 has already risen sharply and is therefore likely to contribute much less to employment in the future than it has in the past. Other target groups should therefore be integrated more strongly into the labor market. In addition, a high number of qualified immigrants must be recruited on a permanent basis. In the pandemic year 2020, Germany's population fell for the first time in nine years, mainly because net immigration was 85,000 lower than in the previous year. This illustrates how depend-ent Germany's population development already is on immigration. [.]

In the 1890s, Bartolomé Mitre (President of Argentina from 1862-1868) published a Spanish translation of the Divine Comedy that was as key to the diffusion of Dante in the Río de la Plata as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's English translation (1867) was in the U.S. This article examines Mitre's motives for dedicating a decade of his life to the translation, as well as his mission to bring European (and specifically Italian) high culture to his fledgling nation. I have found Mitre's reading of Dante to have important resonances with the readings of Risorgimento Italians such as Mazzini, who associated Dante with political unity, morality, and high culture. This study also examines Mitre's role as an advocate of Italian immigration to Argentina.

Immigration law is a hotly contested topic these days. Not only does it have important implications in numerous legal fields, including labor law and tort law, but it also has social, political, and economic effects that ripple throughout our society. Immigrants, especially those who remain undocumented, have the potential to affect the lives of people in almost every walk of life, from politicians to entrepreneurs, and even to teenagers seeking their first jobs. After analyzing the legal impact of current legislation on the field of labor law, it becomes apparent that the employment of undocumented aliens does not have the negative economic and political effects that critics would like to assert.

The article provides a comparative analysis of regulatory and protective labor market policies, systems, organizational and institutional and economic measures regarding the functions and powers of the Migration of the European Union. We have studied the general shape and specific features of migration legislation, the mechanism of setting quotas on the number of foreign workers in the national labor market of the EU and the main activities on the management of migration processes in the country of destination, origin and transit in the context of the economic crisis. There have been established directions of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU Member States in the field of labor migration and combating illegal migration. ; В статье проведен сравнительный анализ регулятивно-защитной политики на рынке труда, систем организационно-институциональных и экономических мер относительно функций и компетенции органов по вопросам миграции стран Европейского Союза. Изучены общие формы и определенные особенности миграционного законодательства, механизм установления квот по количеству иностранных рабочих на национальном рынке труда стран ЕС и основные мероприятия по управлению миграционными процесами странами назначения, происхождения и транзита в условиях экономического кризиса. Определены направления сотрудничества между Украиной и странами- членами ЕС в сфере трудовой миграции и борьбы с нелегальной миграцией. ; У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз регулятивно-захисної політики ринку праці, систем організаційно-інституційних та економічних заходів щодо функцій та компетенції органів з питань міграцій країн Європейського Союзу. Вивчено загальні форми і певні особливості міграційного законодавства, механізм встановлення квот щодо кількості іноземних робітників на національному ринку праці країн ЄС та основні заходи управління міграційними процесами країнами призначення, походження та транзиту в умовах економічної кризи. Визначено напрями співробітництва між Україною та країнами-членами ЄС у сфері трудової міграції та боротьби з нелегальною міграцією.

Recent developments in the European Union have raised immigration as an issue, especially in the UK. There has been a large wave of migrants into the UK from Poland since its accession in 2004, and as Romania and Bulgaria are preparing to become members of the European Union on 1 January 2007, migration from the new member states to other EU countries has become even more a focus of attention. Concerns over potential immigration towards the old EU member states have been rising because the total population of Bulgaria and Romania is approximately 30 million, a similar size to Poland, and the standards of living in both countries are considerably lower than in the EU-15 member countries, or than in any of the current New Member States. Hence outward migration is more likely to be attractive. The scale of flows will depend upon any restrictions that might be imposed by other member states, but current estimates suggest that 2 million Romanians, for instance, are already at work in the core EU countries.

Although never more than a junior partner or rival to the hegemonic powers Great Britain and United States, the German states and later the Reich have since independence played an important role in the foreign relations of Latin America. German-Latin American relations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been the subject of a growing body of research over the last three decades. The interest of historians has focused on the development of these relations throughout the nineteenth century, the era of German imperialism 1890-1914, and on the infiltration of National Socialism and itsAuslandsorganisation(organization for Nazi party members living abroad) in Latin America from 1933 to 1945. In addition, the reconstruction of German ties to the Latin American states after the Second World War and postwar emigration from Germany to Latin America are subjects which scholars have recendy begun to analyze.

Session 2 ; Conference Theme: Social Pathologies and the New Politics of Health ; This paper situates prostitution in early colonial Hong Kong within the broader context of debates about race and immigration in mid-nineteenth century Britain. In 1857, Hong Kong passed an 'Ordinance for Checking the Spread of Venereal Disease,' which anticipated the Contagious Diseases Act in Britain by seven years, and required prostitutes who serviced European clients to be examined regularly and detained in the Lock Hospital until treated. Meanwhile, depictions of prostitutes as agents of contagion permeated the press and government reports. Chinese prostitutes were invariably portrayed as sexual predators who dwelt on the periphery of Hong Kong society, from whence they preyed upon their European victims. According to such narratives, Chinese prostitutes were construed as a criminal class that threatened the colony's social stability. Drawing on a wide range of sources, this paper explores the assumptions and contradictions that underlay these narratives of 'dangerous liaisons.' It demonstrates how racial tensions in the colony echoed and configured metropolitan anxieties over immigration from the 1830s, when immigrants were suspected of importing disease and other evil practices into the country. Finally, the paper considers the implications of a discourse that pitted Chinese prostitutes, as active agents, against a 'feminized' and passive European masculinity. ; postprint

The perception that new immigrants and migrants are unfairly advantaged in the allocation of social housing is one of the most frequently cited injustices of new immigration in Britain. Tapping into dominant notions of the immigrant as folk devil and a long tradition of scapegoating blameworthy groups for problems accessing social housing, this debate has all the hallmarks of a moral panic, with exaggeration and distortion raising public concern to a level disproportionate to any apparent or rational threat. This point is reinforced by a review of the experiences of new immigrants and migrants within the social housing allocation process.

The article deals with the reflection of Western cultural crisis in Czesław Miłosz's creativity expressed as "catastrophism". The experience of crisis must be linked with the political situation between the two World Wars, but Miłosz perceives it as a crisis of culture and first of all a crisis in the changed social sphere. His view is close to the opinion of the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset: "the rebellion of the mass" is one of the signs of cultural crisis. Miłosz rejects Ortega's idea of "dehumanization of art" because, according to Miłosz, a contemporary artist reflecting himself as a single individual and seeking to avoid the man of mass in fact is part of that mass. "The Captive mind" is the analysis of Polish writers' timeserving policy after World War II. In this book, Miłosz tried to find some kind of justification of writers' position and introduced a concept of "ketman". Miłosz practiced "ketman" himself when he worked in diplomatic service of the Polish People's Republic and later in West emigration.

The article deals with the reflection of Western cultural crisis in Czesław Miłosz's creativity expressed as "catastrophism". The experience of crisis must be linked with the political situation between the two World Wars, but Miłosz perceives it as a crisis of culture and first of all a crisis in the changed social sphere. His view is close to the opinion of the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset: "the rebellion of the mass" is one of the signs of cultural crisis. Miłosz rejects Ortega's idea of "dehumanization of art" because, according to Miłosz, a contemporary artist reflecting himself as a single individual and seeking to avoid the man of mass in fact is part of that mass. "The Captive mind" is the analysis of Polish writers' timeserving policy after World War II. In this book, Miłosz tried to find some kind of justification of writers' position and introduced a concept of "ketman". Miłosz practiced "ketman" himself when he worked in diplomatic service of the Polish People's Republic and later in West emigration.