Suchergebnisse

The publishing activity of Yurij Tyshchenko (Siryi) in Ukraine and emigration (1907–1953) as one of the brightest representatives of the process of Ukrainian revival of the first half of the XX century is traced. It is analysed the efforts of a prominent Ukrainian on business in the awakening of national consciousness, forming of identity, knowledge dissemination among the great masses of Ukrainians, distribution of Ukrainian books in Ukraine and in the world through organizing and operation of publishing houses "Dzvin", "UT Publishing House (Yurij Tyshchenko)", active public activity. It is updated the book products of the publishing houses, managed by Yu. Tyshchenko, from the fund of the Foreign Ukrainistics Department of the Bibliology Institute of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to scientific, popular science, educational and children's book. There are given content and book characteristics and there are found out the ways of distribution of the Ukrainian book in emigration conditions. There are traced the relationship of the enterprises managed by Yu.Tyshchenko with Ukrainian establishments, organizations and public associations in emigration and in Ukraine. On the example of activity of Yu.
Tyshchenko in emigration, it is shown the complexity of publishing process organization and the life and activities of Ukrainian political emigration abroad. Considerable attention is paid to the works of Yu. Tyshchenko himself, prepared, published and reprinted in Ukraine and the diaspora. The personal connections and cooperation of Yu.
Tyshchenko with prominent Ukrainian scientific, political and public figures of the first half of the XX century are revealed. Attention is accented on the contribution of a prominent Ukrainian figure in the development of Ukrainian book publishing, book distribution, Ukrainian cultural and national revival. On the example of Yu. Tyshchenko's activity in emigration, the complexity of the organization of the publishing process and the life and activity of Ukrainian political emigration abroad is shown.

The article deals with the Ukrainian emigration to Poland. The article emphasizes that migration is a normal phenomenon in the global world, and therefore it is important not to dramatize the situation but to pay more attention to the adaptation of migrants in the recipient countries. Main terminology used for migrants and migration' description is sharpened. It is emphasized that it is not appropriate to treat any migration from Ukraine as "labor migration". The article provides quantitative data on Ukrainian migration abroad and its dynamics as well as results of researches on migrational intentions and plans. Arguments are being made that the current migration of Ukrainians (after 2010) can be identified as the fifth wave of Ukrainian emigration. The dynamics of the structure of Ukrainian migration abroad is described. Quantitative estimates of Ukrainian migration in Poland are given as well. It is shown that the Ukrainian migration to Poland is changing both quantitatively (growing) and qualitatively: the number of highly educated migrants and those who intend to stay in the country for permanent residence increases. It is reasoned that Poland is interested in Ukrainian workers because they produce reasonable part of Polish GDP and replace Poles who leave the country. That's why Polish state and non-state institutions and organizations try to improve conditions for Ukrainians in Poland and create new opportunities for work and living in the country. It is argued that research on this topic will be an important contribution to understanding the (post)modern society because the role of migrations in it is changing. Migrants' self-awareness and identity are changing as well which leads to changes in ways of adaptation and integration of migrants in recipient countries. In particular, cultural factors that determine the decision about emigration become more important: seeking for the environment that fits best for cultural demands of potential migrants becomes crucial. Differential approaches to different groups of migrants on the basis of sociological researches can be a better ground for practical decisions to improve adaptation of migrants.

The main topic of the article is the analysis of political views and ideological conceptions of the Ukrainian political emigration after WWII also known as the Third wave of Emigration. According to the done overview it is shown, that the Ukrainian political emigration of the after-war period was politically and ideologically heterogeneous community which activity in political area on theoretical and practical levels had mostly conflicting character. The common principles were however the idea of the national independent of Ukraine as well as aspiration to overthrow of the Soviet communist power. Meanwhile the differences in the views of the most influenced political circles consisted in various strategies and tactics of the liberation struggle, in search for allies and the definition of their own role in the liberation movement. An important point for elaboration of principles and methods of the national liberation was the attitude to the Soviet Ukraine, and the positions of different political parties in this case were extended from its recognition as formal and limited form of the national statehood till the deny of its political subjectivity and proclaiming it as a territory occupied by Moscow bolshevist power. An important aspect of the question of attitude towards Soviet Ukraine by different political groups was the fact of the membership of the Ukrainian SSR in the UNO as well as the interpretation of the international and legal role of this fact in the context of defending of political sovereignty and rights of Ukraine. On these examples it is shown, that political views of the Ukrainian emigration constituted a wide pluralistic spectrum from the left to the right political opinions.

The article examines the impact of labor emigration on the economic security of the border regions of Ukraine and the economy of the country as a whole. It has been proved that globalization processes have more or less influence on different spheres of life, in particular on politics, economy, socio–cultural sphere. It was determined that in the context of globalization, the problems of emigration and its impact on the economic security of the country, in particular the border regions, became of strategic importance. The economic essence of the term «security» is defined as the absence of threats and the availability of opportunities for activity and development. Scientific approaches have been defined in the context of the meaning and essence of the term «economic security». The economic security of the border regions of Ukraine is outlined as the level of protection of the economic system of the border territories from the negative impact of external and internal factors that create threats, the likelihood of causing damage and providing appropriate measures to eliminate their negative impact. The development of processes of labor emigration in Ukraine is characterized. The internal and external factors causing labor emigration as a threat to the economic security of the border regions have been identified. The system of internal and external measures for slowing down the processes of labor emigration in the country is proposed.

The article contains the analysis of archive sources, published primary sources as well as historiography. It covers the peculiarities of the emigration of ethnic Germans from the territory of Volhynian Province in interwar Poland. The author defines the reasons that encouraged German population to emigrate. The author also determines main directions of this emigration, which were the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. Main attention is paid to the quantified data of this emigration in different periods of interwar time as well as to encouraging and restricting measures performed by American and European states.The author states that the Province of Volhynia was an important part of interwar Poland. According to the census of 1921, there were 983 596 Ukrainians, 240 922 Poles, 151 744 Jews, 1 118 Belorussians, 25 405 Czechs, 24 960 Germans, and 9 450 Russians in this province. The census of 1931 recorded the quantitative growth of the German population of the Volhynian Province, which increased to 46 883 people. During the interwar period, the German colonists were drawn into the emigration movement, the reasons of which were mainly social, economic, and sometimes national. The government circles in Warsaw sought to mechanically increase the number of Poles in the Volhynian Province, in order to modify its national structure.The United States of America was the priority direction of German emigration from the western part of Volhynia during the interwar years. During 1919–1938, almost 1 thousand Germans emigrated from the Volhynia Province to the United States. It is also noteworthy that the bulk of the settlers (80%) arrived in the United States during the 1919–1925 – exactly when emigration to other areas was only in the period of formation.Canada was also one of the main directions of the German overseas emigration from Volhynia in the interwar period (The Germans, together with the Scandinavians, the Belgians, the Dutch, the French and the Swiss belonged to the so-called privileged peoples whose emigration was not subject to restrictions). The peak of the emigration of Germans from the Volhynian Province to Canada occurred in 1926–1938: over 640 Germans emigrated; they represented 5,8% of the total emigration population of the western part of Volhynia (11 135 people). An emigration to Argentina and Brazil was another part of the emigration movement from Volhynia during the interwar years. Thus, during 1926–1938, over 1 000 Germans moved to Argentina and about 300 left for Brazil, all of them were from the western part of Volhynia. In 1937–1938 many people of Volhynia left for Paraguay. During this period about 5 thousand people moved there, including 500 Germans.In general, during the interwar period, about 3 500 Germans emigrated overseas from the Volhynian Province. The greatest extent of this emigration occurred during 1926–1929. Its subsequent evelopment was largely influenced by the global economic crisis and the anti-immigration legislation of the countries of immigration. ; У статті, на основі аналізу архівних матеріалів, опублікованих джерел та історіографії, охарактеризовано особливості еміграції етнічних німців з території Волинського воєводства міжвоєнної Польщі. Визначено причини, які впродовж 1919–1939 рр. спонукали німецьке населення до еміграції, її головні напрями (США, Канада, Бразилія, Аргентина, Парагвай). Особливу увагу звернено на кількісні показники німецької еміграції на різних етапах міжвоєнного періоду й заохочувальні/рестрикційні заходи стосовно неї з боку держав Америки та Європи. На основі статистичних даних автор доводить, що пріоритетним напрямом німецької еміграції із західної частини Волині упродовж міжвоєнного двадцятиліття були держави Америки: США (упродовж 1919–1938 рр. сюди емігрувала майже 1 тис. німців) та Канада (пік еміграції припав на 1926–1938 рр., коли до країни емігрувало понад 640 німців), а також Аргентина та Бразилія (упродовж 1926–1938 рр. до Аргентини із західної частини Волині переселилося понад 1 тис. німців, до Бразилії – близько 300).

The author of this publication is Oleksandr Kolianchuk, Doctor of Philosophy (2001) and Doctor of History (2013), Vice-President of the South-Eastern Scientific Institute in Przemyśl (Poland). Born in the Chełm Land, as a result of the «Vistula» operation, he moved to northern Poland, where he began his career as an educator and research scientist. For many years he was the editor of Ukrainian-language radio programs in Olsztyn. He actively collaborated with the editorial boards of Ukrainian-language newspapers and magazines published in Poland. Dr. Kolianchuk devoted a significant part of his life to return to the historical memory of the fighters for the freedom of Ukraine, whose life ended in Poland. He wrote and published a number of well-known books in the West about the personalities of those who died forUkraine's resurrection, their places of living, activities and burials abroad. Among them: in Polish: «Umarli, aby zmartwychwstala Ukraina», «Ukraincy emigranci polityczni w zyciu naukowym, kulturnym, spolecznym I gospodarczym w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej», in Ukrainian – «Generality of the Ukrainian Liberation Struggle: Generals and Admirals Biographies», «Ukrainian Military Emigration in Poland 1920–1939», «Perpetuation of the Unconquered: «Ukrainian War Memorials '20-'30s of the 20th century in Poland»,«Unforgotten graves «and others. In these and other publications, the author's field of observation included the press and publishing activities of Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. Even before the signing in April 1920 of the Polish-Ukrainian agreement on the joint struggle against Bolshevik Russia, which threatened the independence of both Poland and Ukraine, there was a Ukrainian diplomatic mission and its military section in Warsaw. Under its auspices, in the Polish capital was published the periodical «Son of Ukraine», edited by the writer and poet Mykola Voronyi. As the authorities treated the stay of a large group of Ukrainian refugees in Poland as a temporary state, the emigration structures of the ...

The aim of the article is to analyze the specifics of archival and museum activities of Ukrainian emigrants of the 20s - 30s of the XX century and finding out the essenсe and reasons for their differences of opinion on the preservation of Ukrainian archival heritage.
The phenomenon of Ukrainian interwar emigration was a unique phenomenon in Ukrainian history and culture given the importance of its functioning in all spheres - state, political, cultural. Characterizing the conditions and specifics of the second wave of Ukrainian emigration, it should be noted that it was complicated by material shortages and lack of consolidated unity, which led to the confrontation of certain groups in solving various problems of everyday emigration.
Based on the analysis of published and out-of-date archival materials, the article concludes that there was no common vision in the circles of Ukrainian interwar emigration on the protection of national monuments, which caused confrontation between its separate groups. The causes of the conflict largely lay in the party affiliation of the conflicting parties (the Petliurists, represented by the State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile and the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries), through whose prism the preservation of Ukrainian monuments was considered. Party interests were placed above national ones, resulting in a lack of understanding and a loss of unity of Ukrainian patriotic forces.

У статті розглядається проблема еміграції українського населення Наддніпрянщини на Західну Волинь, розділену радянсько-польським кордоном на дві частини, адаптація емігрантів до нових умов, їх відносини з органами влади та місцевим населенням, вплив цих процесів на політичне, економічне й духовне життя регіону. The paper considers the problem of emigration of Ukrainian population in Volhynia Dnieper, divided Soviet-Polish border in two parts, the adaptation of immigrants to the new conditions, their relationship with authorities and local population, the impact of these processes on political, economic and spiritual life of the region.

The article raises the issue of the importance of Ukrainian studies by Ivan Ogienko, as a representative of the Ukrainian intellectual elite in emigration, because his works influenced the progress of cultural, educational and spiritual life of Ukrainians both in our country and abroad. It is known that he is one of the founders of Ukrainian science and education and an outstanding Ukrainian educator of the twentieth century.
The role of preserving national identity, spiritual values, patriotism of the outstanding scientist, teacher, linguist, culturologist, public and church figure, Ivan Ogienko, through the prism of hard work, incredible diligence, stability and consistency in scientific research is emphasized. Attention is focused on the fact that the Ukrainian scientist was the bearer of national and cultural ideas and spiritual values of his people. The opinion is confirmed that the world recognition of I. Ogienko / Metropolitan Ilarion was brought by fundamental works on the history of Ukrainian culture, language, history of the church, which have not lost their scientific significance even today. The scientist-researcher made dictionaries, headed the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and being in emigration – headed the Ukrainian autocephalous Orthodox Church. It is worth mentioning the most common and used translation of the Bible into Ukrainian, on which Ivan Ogienko worked for more than 45 years.
The article analyzes I. Ogienko's scientific achievements during the emigration, which significantly strengthened Ukrainian studies, and also considers the works "Pre-Christian Beliefs of the Ukrainian People", "Ukrainian Culture", "Serve the People - Serve God: Theological Studio" and others. The book "Our Life Abroad: Ideological and Historical Essays" by Ivan Ogienko, published in Winnipeg (Canada), where the author spoke about the difficult life of Ukrainian emigrants abroad, deserves attention and listening. I. Ogienko describes how important it is to preserve one's national identity, culture and native language in a foreign country.
It is concluded that national culture has great potential for the establishment of Ukraine in the world cultural space, and the life and scientific and educational work of Ivan Ogienko became an example for many researchers in studying the socio-cultural heritage of the Ukrainian diaspora.

The history of Ukraine has got many examples of how different personalities were able to unite and direct their efforts in meaningful way for higher purpose. One of such interesting pages is an activity of Ukrainian Art movement (UAM) –unification of Ukrainian writers in emigration, who after the end of World War II turned up in camps for displaced persons in Germany and Austria. The leadership of union helped to create such climate in the organization that would maximize imaginative work and minimize confrontational points among its members. The peculiar quality check of the organization and its ability to withstand the devastating tendencies was a debate in UAM about relevant problems of searching for ways of development Ukrainian culture in emigration conditions. Its starting point was Y. Shevelov`s report «The styles of contemporary Ukrainian literature in emigration» (1945), which he pronounced at the First congress of organization. The reviewer proclaimed the mission of new organization - to create a nationwide and a sub-region writing, which can reach worldwide recognition. The main direction of its development Y. Shevelov determined the creation of deeply peculiar Ukrainian literary style. The idea of national-organic style has caused mixed reactions and criticism in the Ukrainian emigration environment. The national-organic style does not anticipate a forced imposition on his writers. This style does not mean an isolation of narrow national limits and departure from European influences and traditions. It includes only blind copying borrowed samples. Supplemented the concept of Y. Shevelov with his ideas such persons as I. Bagryany, Y. Kosach, I.Kosteckii and other representatives of UAM`s, who defended national origin in literature. The most irreconcilable opponent of Y. Shevelov and his theory of national-organic style became a literary scholar, critic, translator V. Derzhavin. There were several reasons for the conflict between these creative personalities among which, in particular, differences between generations, to which they belong. In the modern scientific literature one can come across for approval that a deepening conflict between Y. Shevelov and V. Derzhavin led to the split and termination of the organization activity. Such an estimate is untrue, because the real reason for the termination of the organization was hold at the 1948 a monetary reform in Germany and mass departure of Ukrainian emigrants from displaced persons camps to the other countries of the world. Well, conflicts, which took place in the history of Ukrainian Art Movement, did not lead to the division of the organization into hostile camps, as its members were united by the common purpose of creating new Ukrainian literature, that would take a worthy place in the world culture.

In the article activity of military emigration of the Ukrainian State is considered in a period between two world wars. A place and role of military emigration of the Ukrainian State is found out in the state cathedral process of creation of Ukraine. ; У статті розглянуто діяльність військової еміграції Української держави в період між двома світовими війнами. З'ясовано місце й роль військової еміграції Української держави в державно-соборному процесі творення України. Автор показує, що гетьманська течія еміграції своєю науковою та історичною думкою збагатила історіографію українських визвольних змагань, напрацювавши власну концепцію Української революції.

The emergence and rapid extension of memory studies is obviously explained by a rather huge number of tragic events, i.e. World Word II, Holocaust, which led to an abundance of memoirs, recollections of victims as well as public testimonies of witnesses of these disasters. The literature in the second part of the 20th century became a signifi cant place for searching the hidden forms, modes, and circumstances of the processes of remembering and forgetting, especially in the writings by Moris Halbwachs, Pier Nora, Cathy Caruth, Aleida Assmann, Michael Rothberg etc. Yet this «memory boom» was restricted to the «West» and, in contrast, neither occurred in Ukraine, nor in most other post-soviet countries. It is primarily due to the political pressure (and repression) as well as prolonged and severe censorship that it did not take place in Ukraine. Consequently, the texts containing different cultural traumas and would hence belong to «survivor literature» still remain unknown for readers. However, if Holodomor has been presented and researched in the scientifi c discourse, Holocaust in Ukraine is still a rarely discussed topic. The true dynamics in the Ukrainian cultural memory can be demonstrated on the samples of the autobiographical texts, which were written and published by emigrant writers, who left Ukraine during or after the World War II. In this line of reasoning, the present article sets out to mainly analyze the specifi city of the Ukrainian memory processes in the post-war «survivor literature» by defi ning the peculiarities in representing Holodomor and Holocaust in memoirs and novels that are not included in the literary canon. These are «Kreschaty Yar» by Dokia Humenna, «On the Black Horse» by Ulas Samchuk, «Deadly Road», «Bells Did Not Ring for Them» by Oleksa Haj-Holovko and «Poltava», «The Summer on the Lake» Oleksa Izarskyj. Their works elucidate the fi rst direct experiences of the totalitarian crimes in Ukraine, both Soviet and German, thus constitute a powerful source for the reconstruction of the past and for search of the historical truth and holistic restoration of the memory. Contemporary scholarly progress provides us with a unique possibility to arrange a dialogue between different traumas, like Holodomor-Holocaust, and to reconstruct our national histories as multidirectional. Therefore, the literary testimony of Ukrainian witnesses should be brought to light and unearthed for its prospective representation to the current and next generations. Keywords: survivor literature, trauma, collective memory, individual memory postmemory. ; Проаналізовано специфіку меморативних процесів в українській післявоєнній «літературі уцілілих», виявлено особливості репрезентації травм Голодомору і Голокосту у спогадах та романах, які не ввійшли до літературного канону (Д. Гуменної «Хрещатий Яр», У. Самчука «На коні вороному», О. Гай-Головка «Смертельною дорогою», «Їм дзвони не дзвонили», О. Ізарського «Полтава», «Літо над озером»), продемонстровано можливості взаємодії колективної (генераційної) та індивідуальної пам'яті у художньому тексті. Ключові слова: «література уцілілих», травма, колективна пам'ять, індивідуальна пам'ять, постпам'ять.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze Matviy Stakhiv's socio-political activities in exile in 1949–1978. The methodology of the study are general scientific, primarily analysis and synthesis, as well as specially-historical methods. Scientific novelty of the article is that on the basis of the critical analysis of sources and scientific literature, an attempt was made to comprehensively review the public and political activity of the famous politician, a social activist – M. Stakhiv against the post-war Ukrainian emigration environment. Conclusions. In 1939, M. Stakhiv and his family left Lviv and moved to a permanent place of residence – first in Poland and later in Germany and the United States. In exile, he continued the active socio-political work, which was in the work of the first session of the Ukrainian National Rada (UNR), two Ukrainian World Congress (UWC) meetings of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA). Also, Stakhiv was criticized by the communist regime, defended the national and political rights of Ukrainians, and reports delivered at international forums and introduced the general public with neglected pages of Ukraine's history, repeatedly Depicted the stages of struggle of the Ukrainian for their statehood, defined the main objectives of Ukrainian diaspora institutions. Equally critically, the former leader of the Ukrainian Socialist-Radical Party (USRP) treated the practical activity of socio-political organizations created at the initiative of the national-conscious elite of Galicia and Dnieper region, who operated abroad during the postwar period. ; Анотація. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати громадсько-політичну діяльність Матвія Стахіва в еміграції упродовж 1949–1978 рр. Методологію дослідження становлять загальнонаукові, передусім аналізу і синтезу, а також спеціально-історичні методи. Наукова новизна статті полягає в тому, що на підставі критичного аналізу джерел та наукової літератури, здійснено спробу комплексного розгляду громадсько-політичної діяльності відомого політика, громадського діяча – М. Стахіва на тлі повоєнного українського еміграційного середовища. Висновки. У 1939 р. М. Стахів разом із сім'єю покинув Львів та переїхав на постійне місце проживання спочатку до Польщі, а згодом – до Німеччини та США. На еміграції він продовжив активну громадсько-політичну працю, яка полягала у роботі першої сесії Української Національної Ради (УНРада), двох Світових конгресах вільних українців (СКВУ), засіданнях Українського Конгресового Комітету Америки (УККА). Також М. Стахів виступав із критикою комуністичного режиму, відстоював національно-політичні права українців, у доповідях, виголошених на міжнародних форумах, знайомив широку громадськість із забутими сторінками історії України, неодноразово змальовував етапи боротьби українців за свою державність, визначав основні завдання українських діаспорних інституцій. Не менш критично колишній лідер Української соціалістично-радикальної партії (УСРП) ставився до практичної діяльності громадсько-політичних організацій, створених з ініціативи національно-свідомої еліти Галичини та Наддніпрянщини, що діяли за кордоном у повоєнний період.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to analyze Matviy Stakhiv's socio-political activities in exile in 1949–1978. The methodology of the study are general scientific, primarily analysis and synthesis, as well as specially-historical methods. Scientific novelty of the article is that on the basis of the critical analysis of sources and scientific literature, an attempt was made to comprehensively review the public and political activity of the famous politician, a social activist – M. Stakhiv against the post-war Ukrainian emigration environment. Conclusions. In 1939, M. Stakhiv and his family left Lviv and moved to a permanent place of residence – first in Poland and later in Germany and the United States. In exile, he continued the active socio-political work, which was in the work of the first session of the Ukrainian National Rada (UNR), two Ukrainian World Congress (UWC) meetings of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA). Also, Stakhiv was criticized by the communist regime, defended the national and political rights of Ukrainians, and reports delivered at international forums and introduced the general public with neglected pages of Ukraine's history, repeatedly Depicted the stages of struggle of the Ukrainian for their statehood, defined the main objectives of Ukrainian diaspora institutions. Equally critically, the former leader of the Ukrainian Socialist-Radical Party (USRP) treated the practical activity of socio-political organizations created at the initiative of the national-conscious elite of Galicia and Dnieper region, who operated abroad during the postwar period. ; Анотація. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати громадсько-політичну діяльність Матвія Стахіва в еміграції упродовж 1949–1978 рр. Методологію дослідження становлять загальнонаукові, передусім аналізу і синтезу, а також спеціально-історичні методи. Наукова новизна статті полягає в тому, що на підставі критичного аналізу джерел та наукової літератури, здійснено спробу комплексного розгляду громадсько-політичної діяльності відомого політика, громадського діяча – М. Стахіва на тлі повоєнного українського еміграційного середовища. Висновки. У 1939 р. М. Стахів разом із сім'єю покинув Львів та переїхав на постійне місце проживання спочатку до Польщі, а згодом – до Німеччини та США. На еміграції він продовжив активну громадсько-політичну працю, яка полягала у роботі першої сесії Української Національної Ради (УНРада), двох Світових конгресах вільних українців (СКВУ), засіданнях Українського Конгресового Комітету Америки (УККА). Також М. Стахів виступав із критикою комуністичного режиму, відстоював національно-політичні права українців, у доповідях, виголошених на міжнародних форумах, знайомив широку громадськість із забутими сторінками історії України, неодноразово змальовував етапи боротьби українців за свою державність, визначав основні завдання українських діаспорних інституцій. Не менш критично колишній лідер Української соціалістично-радикальної партії (УСРП) ставився до практичної діяльності громадсько-політичних організацій, створених з ініціативи національно-свідомої еліти Галичини та Наддніпрянщини, що діяли за кордоном у повоєнний період.