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THERE'S A SPECTRUM OF INTENSITY OF EMPATHY RANGING FROM EXCESSIVE EMPATHY TO EXTREMELY NEGATIVE OR DIS-EMPATHY. EMPATHY FROM THE EXTREME POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE MAY SERVE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS IN DAILY LIVING AND PARTICULARLY IN POLITICS. VARIATIONS IN EMPATHY IN POLITICAL CONFLICT ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OF ISRAELIS. THERE ARE ADVANTAGES AS WELL AS DISADVANTAGES IN ALLOWING ONESELF TO EMPATHIZE, AS WELL AS TO WITHHOLD EMPATHY. IT'S CONCLUDED THAT IT WOULD BE OF VALUE FOR THE ISRAELIS, AS WELL AS NATIONS TO LOOK AT THEMSELVES IN REGARD TO SPECIAL REACTIONS TO EMPATHIZING WITH OTHERS.

The health effects of intra-ethnic conflict include hatred & fear among neighbors & friends who have become enemies. The dehumanization of specific groups through concomitant stereotyping does not stop when conflicts end. The inability to see former enemies as real people impedes reconciliation. While much attention has been paid to the reconstruction of infrastructure & the establishment of rule of law, little thought has been given to what is required at the day to day level in order to restore a sense of interpersonal security. To reverse the destruction of social & familial networks that normally sustain health & well-being, a process of rehumanization must occur. We suggest that the promotion of empathy is a critical component of reconciliation. Adapted from the source document.

The gender gap in contemporary American politics refers to differences in political attitudes & behavior between men & women that may be traced back to the 1980 presidential election & the Reagan presidency. For nearly two decades, men have displayed consistently more conservative & pro-Republican preferences than have women. Although the gender gap has been well-documented & recognized by practitioners & scholars alike, explanations of why women have been less supportive of the conservative agenda in the Reagan & post-Reagan years have not been explained satisfactorily. In this exploratory study, we suggest that the gender-based political divisions observed in American politics have their origins in exogenous dispositions that men & women bring with them to the political environment. Specifically, women are more predisposed than men to display empathy toward distressed others in society. Differences in dispositions toward empathy are stimulated in the political arena when the agendas of candidates emphasize issues that motivate empathic predispositions. Under such circumstances, women are more inclined than men to express support for liberal policy preferences, &, thus, empathy is a concept that may help us to better understand the nature of the political gender gap. 7 Tables, 1 Figure, 3 Appendixes, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.

Ralph White's concept of realistic empathy, developed in the context of the Cold War, continues to be relevant in the context of the War on Terror. As "the great corrective for all forms of war-provoking misperception" (White, 1984, p. 160), it is arguably psychology's greatest contribution to the guidance of international policy. Lack of realistic empathy has devastating consequences. 7 References. Adapted from the source document.