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The empirical–normative distinction is taken by many political scientists to be exclusive and fundamental. Yet if the distinction is deep and exclusive then any theory, or any of its components, must be either empirical or normative but not simultaneously both. If this is the case then each theoretical statement will have as its central verb either an 'is' or an 'ought' (or some equivalent) and no statement taking an 'ought' as its central verb will be derivable from any statement taking an 'is' as its central verb. Correlatively no purely descriptive statement or conjunction of such statements will warrant any normative or evaluative conclusion.

Psychiatry presents an array of ethical questions. A major challenge is to approach psychiatry in a way that does justice to the real ethical issues. This book shows how ethics can engage more closely with the reality of psychiatric practice and how empirical methodologies from the social sciences can help foster this link.

An empirical generalisation is a relationship between two or more variables that has been observed across a range of conditions. By knowing that an observed relationship holds under a range of conditions (and that it does not hold under other conditions) it is possible to use knowledge of the relationship for practical purposes, such as making routine predictions and stating principles. It is also possible to start to theorise why the relationship occurs, and why it holds under some conditions and not others, thereby moving from empirical description to theory-building. The importance of this form of knowledge for marketing is examined. Practical measures are suggested to encourage the search for empirical generalisations.

During the last decade, international trade has witnessed a dramatic transition from a field dominated by theory to one dominated by empirics linked to theory. In this volume, Professor Bernhofen has selected an impressive range of critical papers by leading academics which have contributed significantly to making international trade an empirical science. The included topics are empirical studies on comparative advantage, the Heckscher-Ohlin model, monopolistic competition, gravity models, firms and plant trade and networks and institutions. The papers in this collection serve as an excellent introduction to the literature as well as an essential reference for research in empirical trade

Compellence, the use of a contingent threat of force to get a target state to modify a behavior, is an understudied area of international relations. An empirical examination of this area reveals patterns of the frequency of attempted compellence and successful compellence that are not explained by current research or broader international relations theories. In the post-World War II period (1946–2001), the pattern is a rapid drop and continued suppression of success, but a continuation of compellence attempts at the historic level. Existing compellence research and international relations theory do not explain this puzzling disparity of low success and continued attempts at compellence. By comparing this pattern with a sample of the previous conditions (1914–1945), this study provides initial findings about the compellence puzzle. Key among them is the effects of the shift in the international system after World War II, the American policy of containment, norm formation and promulgation, shifts of compellence from the core to the periphery, and the domestic effects of compellence on the longevity of leaders.

The rapid advances in financial technology in the past decade have led to a commensurate increase in sophistication for modelling techniques needed by the researchers for the understanding of financial markets. The book aims at equipping graduate students, market analysts and others with a wide range of empirical techniques. It not only discusses the analytical structures behind such modelling approaches, but also explains how they are applied to actual data.Besides traditional elements of financial econometrics and statistical techniques commonly used in quantitative finance, the book covers: estimation of parametric and non-parametric models; advanced tools to deal with unobserved components; discrete time models of asset prices and of interest rates. Illustrations include speculative equity prices, equity and currency risk premium as well as real investment opportunity analysis and interest rate contingent claim valuation.

Recommended readings (Machine generated): 1. Richard Auster, Irving Leveson and Deborah Sarachek (1969), 'The Production of Health, an Exploratory Study', Journal of Human Resources, 4 (4), Autumn, 411-36 -- 2. Mark R. Rosenzweig and T. Paul Schultz (1983), 'Estimating a Household Production Function: Heterogenity, the Demand for Health Inputs, and Their Effects on Birth Weight', Journal of Political Economy, 91 (5), October, 723-46 -- 3. Gary S. Becker, Michael Grossman and Kevin M. Murphy (1994), 'An Empirical Analysis of Cigarette Addiction', American Economic Review, 84 (3), June, 396-418 -- 4. Donna B. Gilleskie (1998), 'A Dynamic Stochastic Model of Medical Care Use and Work Absence', Econometrica, 66 (1), January, 1-45 -- 5. Marcos Vera-Hernández (2003),'Structural Estimation of a Principal Agent Model: Moral Hazard in Medical Insurance', RAND Journal of Economics, 34 (4), Winter, 670-93 -- 6. Peter Arcidiacono, Holger Sieg and Frank Sloan (2007), 'Living Rationally Under the Volcano? An Empirical Analysis of Heavy Drinking and Smoking', International Economic Review, 48 (1), February, 37-65 -- 7. Naihua N. Duan, Willard G. Manning, Jr., Carl N. Morris and Joseph P. Newhouse (1983), 'A Comparison of Alternative Models for the Demand for Medical Care', Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 1 (2), April, 115-26 -- 8. Williard G. Manning (1998),'The Logged Dependent Variable, Heteroscedasticity, and the Retransformation Problem', Journal of Health Economics, 17 (3), June, 283-95 -- 9. David K. Blough, Carolyn W. Madden, and Mark C. Hornbrook (1999), 'Modeling Risk Using Generalized Linear Models', Journal of Health Economics, 18 (2), April, 153-71 -- 10. Donna B. Gilleskie and Thomas A. Mroz (2004), 'A Flexible Approach for Estimating the Effects of Covariates on Health Expenditures', Journal of Health Economics, 23 (3), March, 391-418 -- 11. Anirban Basu and Paul J. Rathouz (2005),'Estimating Marginal and Incremental Effects on Health Outcomes Using Flexible Link and Variance Function Models', Biostatistics, 6 (1), January, 93-109 -- 12. Willard G. Manning, Anirban Basu and John Mullahy (2005), 'Generalized Modelling Approaches to Risk Adjustment of Skewed Outcomes Data' Journal of Health Economics, 24 (3), May, 465-88 -- 13. Andrew M. Jones, James Lomas and Nigel Rice (2015),' Healthcare Cost Regressions: Going Beyond the Mean to Estimate the Full Distribution', Health Economics, 24 (9), April, 1192-212 -- 14. John Mullahy (1986),'Specification and Testing of Some Modified Count Data Models', Journal of Econometrics, 33 (3), December, 341-65 -- 15. Bryan Dowd, Roger Feldman, Steven Cassou and Michael Finch (1991), 'Health Plan Choice and the Utilization of Health Care Services', Review of Economics and Statistics, 73 (1), February, 85-93 -- 16. Marcel Kerkhofs and Maarten Lindeboom (1995), 'Subjective Health Measures and State Dependent Reporting Errors', Health Economics, 4 (3), May-June, 221-35 -- 17. Winfried Pohlmeier and Volker Ulrich (1995), 'An Econometric Model of the Two-Part Decisonmaking Process in the Demand for Health Care', Journal of Human Resources, 30 (2), Spring, 339-61 -- 18. Partha Deb and Pravin K. Trivedi (1997),'Demand for Medical Care by the Elderly: A Finite Mixture Approach', Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12 (3), May/ June, 313-36 -- 19. David M. Zimmer and Pravin K. Trivedi (2006), 'Using Trivariate Copulas to Model Sample Selection and Treatment Effects: Application to Family Health Care Demand', Journal of Business and Economics Statistics, 24 (1), January, 63-76

This book analyzes the verification of empirical asset pricing models when returns of securities are projected onto a set of presumed (or observed) factors. Particular emphasis is placed on the verification of essential factors and features for asset returns through model search approaches, in which non-diversifiability and statistical inferences are considered. The discussion reemphasizes the necessity of maintaining a dichotomy between the nondiversifiable pricing kernels and the individual components of stock returns when empirical asset pricing models are of interest. In particular, the model search approach (with this dichotomy emphasized) for empirical model selection of asset pricing is applied to discover the pricing kernels of asset returns.