Suchergebnisse

Introduction: cognitive workers, cognitive bodies -- ENCODING RACE -- Imagining the Indian IT body -- The postracial office -- Proprietary freedoms in an IT office -- ENCODING CLASS -- The stroke of midnight and the spirit of entrepreneurship : a history of the computer in India -- Computers are very stupid cooks : reinventing leisure as a politics of pleasure -- The traveling diaper bag : gifts and jokes as materializing immaterial labor -- A speculative conclusion : secrets and lives

In Encoding Race, Encoding Class Sareeta Amrute explores the work and private lives of highly skilled Indian IT coders in Berlin to reveal the oft-obscured realities of the embodied, raced, and classed nature of cognitive labor. In addition to conducting fieldwork and interviews in IT offices as well as analyzing political cartoons, advertisements, and reports on white-collar work, Amrute spent time with a core of twenty programmers before, during, and after their shifts. She shows how they occupy a contradictory position, as they are racialized in Germany as temporary and migrant grunt workers, yet their middle-class aspirations reflect efforts to build a new, global, and economically dominant India. The ways they accept and resist the premises and conditions of their work offer new potentials for alternative visions of living and working in neoliberal economies. Demonstrating how these coders' cognitive labor realigns and reimagines race and class, Amrute conceptualizes personhood and migration within global capitalism in new ways

In Encoding Race, Encoding Class Sareeta Amrute explores the work and private lives of highly skilled Indian IT coders in Berlin to reveal the oft-obscured realities of the embodied, raced, and classed nature of cognitive labor. In addition to conducting fieldwork and interviews in IT offices as well as analyzing political cartoons, advertisements, and reports on white-collar work, Amrute spent time with a core of twenty programmers before, during, and after their shifts. She shows how they occupy a contradictory position, as they are racialized in Germany as temporary and migrant grunt workers, yet their middle-class aspirations reflect efforts to build a new, global, and economically dominant India. The ways they accept and resist the premises and conditions of their work offer new potentials for alternative visions of living and working in neoliberal economies. Demonstrating how these coders' cognitive labor realigns and reimagines race and class, Amrute conceptualizes personhood and migration within global capitalism in new ways.

This article asks what would happen if media scholars developed a theory of translation that responded to the specific concerns of their field. It responds by revisiting a foundational text—Stuart Hall's "Encoding/Decoding"—to see what insights it provides into translation. It proposes three axioms: (1) To use a sign is to transform it; (2) to transform a sign is to translate it; and (3) communication is translation. These axioms cast translation in a new light: It is a transformative substitution, where translators are not necessarily people who seek to reexpress something in a new language, but everyone who speaks. This article concludes by identifying an ethics incipient in "Encoding/Decoding," a politics of invention articulated against a utopian horizon, but grounded in everyday interactions.

In the summer of 1966, dance pioneer Anna Halprin and her husband, landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, embarked on a series of experimental, experiential, cross-disciplinary workshops in northern California that blurred the boundaries of architecture, choreography, ecology, music, cinematography, and being itself. That summer, and again in 1968 and 1971, these "Experiments in Environment" brought together artists, dancers, musicians, filmmakers architects, and environmental designers in provocative, pioneering experiences. This photo essay includes selected images from the 2016 California Historical Society exhibition on the Halprins—Environment: The Halprin Workshops, 1966-1971.

Designing a system of multiple, heterogeneous agents that cooperate to achieve a common goal is a difficult task, but it is also a common real-world problem. Multiagent learning addresses this problem by training the team to cooperate through a learning algorithm. However, most traditional approaches treat multiagent learning as a combination of multiple single-agent learning problems. This perspective leads to many inefficiencies in learning such as the problem of reinvention, whereby fundamental skills and policies that all agents should possess must be rediscovered independently for each team member. For example, in soccer, all the players know how to pass and kick the ball, but a traditional algorithm has no way to share such vital information because it has no way to relate the policies of agents to each other.In this dissertation a new approach to multiagent learning that seeks to address these issues is presented. This approach, called multiagent HyperNEAT, represents teams as a pattern of policies rather than individual agents. The main idea is that an agent's location within a canonical team layout (such as a soccer team at the start of a game) tends to dictate its role within that team, called the policy geometry. For example, as soccer positions move from goal to center they become more offensive and less defensive, a concept that is compactly represented as a pattern. The first major contribution of this dissertation is a new method for evolving neural network controllers called HyperNEAT, which forms the foundation of the second contribution and primary focus of this work, multiagent HyperNEAT. Multiagent learning in this dissertation is investigated in predator-prey, room-clearing, and patrol domains, providing a real-world context for the approach. Interestingly, because the teams in multiagent HyperNEAT are represented as patterns they can scale up to an infinite number of multiagent policies that can be sampled from the policy geometry as needed. Thus the third contribution is a method for teams trained with multiagent HyperNEAT to dynamically scale their size without further learning. Fourth, the capabilities to both learn and scale in multiagent HyperNEAT are compared to the traditional multiagent SARSA(lamba) approach in a comprehensive study. The fifth contribution is a method for efficiently learning and encoding multiple policies for each agent on a team to facilitate learning in multi-task domains. Finally, because there is significant interest in practical applications of multiagent learning, multiagent HyperNEAT is tested in a real-world military patrolling application with actual Khepera III robots. The ultimate goal is to provide a new perspective on multiagent learning and to demonstrate the practical benefits of training heterogeneous, scalable multiagent teams through generative encoding. ; 2011-05-01 ; Ph.D. ; Engineering and Computer Science, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

The traditional way of tackling discrete optimization problems is by using local search on suitably defined cost or fitness landscapes. Such approaches are however limited by the slowing down that occurs when the local minima that are a feature of the typically rugged landscapes encountered arrest the progress of the search process. Another way of tackling optimization problems is by the use of heuristic approximations to estimate a global cost minimum. Here, we present a combination of these two approaches by using cover-encoding maps which map processes from a larger search space to subsets of the original search space. The key idea is to construct cover-encoding maps with the help of suitable heuristics that single out near-optimal solutions and result in landscapes on the larger search space that no longer exhibit trapping local minima. We present cover-encoding maps for the problems of the traveling salesman, number partitioning, maximum matching and maximum clique; the practical feasibility of our method is demonstrated by simulations of adaptive walks on the corresponding encoded landscapes which find the global minima for these problems. ; Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society. KK acknowledges funding from MINECO through the Ramón y Cajal program and through project SPASIMM, FIS2016-80067-P (AEI/FEDER, EU). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 694925). ; Peer reviewed

Accuracy is an issue that points to the reliability of language used in legal circles. The objective of the present study is to investigate linguistic devices denoting accuracy in Thai legal discourse. Data was gathered from judgments in three Thai courts: the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court. Findings from Thai legal language were also compared to those from three registers: academic, media and political. The results show that Thai legal language employs two major linguistic devices in order to express accuracy: mention of the sources of evidence and legal citations. The use of the two devices is significantly present in legal language when compared with other registers.

Some libel suits involving TV news stories appear to have originated because viewers confused what they heard with what they saw. This experiment examines the "translation phenomenon," a phenomenon in which words are remembered as pictures, and vice versa. Translation is more likely to occur after the passage of 48 hours. And it most often results in facts that were conveyed in narration being remembered as having been conveyed in video. These findings are interpreted in light of current encoding and memory theory.

Encoding Ethiopic for computer application is increasingly important for linguists, librarians, information and communication technologists. This paper focusses on encoding Ethiopic for the LATEX document preparation system, and on the methods and principles of the ethiop package which supports Ethiopie for LATEX. ethiop is a package developed by a research group at the University of Hamburg, that integrates Ethiopic to the TEX/LATEX system.We hope that this package opens up a new venue to scientific and mathematical document processing, using the rich and well developed TEX/LATEX system. Moreover, it could render a better data exchange mechanism by virtue of its platform independence and plain ASCII nature.

Since last year, I have been working on a personal project on the medieval management of the forest area as a mirror for princely power. This research is principally based on the analysis of the accountancy of the dukes of Lorraine (14th-15th c.) whose richness and diversity enable the issue to be addressed in all its dimensions: anthropological, political, economic, territorial and environmental. The accounts of these dukes have never been studied systematically. Yet they are abundant and several are related to the forest, especially gruerie accounts, which are numerous from the fifteenth century. The goal is to enable diversified operations on the digitized corpus: codicology, lexicometric analysis, prosopography, statistics. It is therefore necessary to combine technical and scientific perspectives to provide a tool for historians' work.This presentation is based on the example of an accounting register concerning the gruerie of Châtenois and Neufchâteau (FRAD054 — B 4623, 1488-1501). After a quick presentation of the document, I'll explain why I've chosen an XML-TEI markup considering the aim of my research. Second, I'll propose my encoding schema to illustrate my choices in adapting the TEI model and to show the difficulties or questioning I've met in my work, which is just there in its early stages.

Since last year, I have been working on a personal project on the medieval management of the forest area as a mirror for princely power. This research is principally based on the analysis of the accountancy of the dukes of Lorraine (14th-15th c.) whose richness and diversity enable the issue to be addressed in all its dimensions: anthropological, political, economic, territorial and environmental. The accounts of these dukes have never been studied systematically. Yet they are abundant and several are related to the forest, especially gruerie accounts, which are numerous from the fifteenth century. The goal is to enable diversified operations on the digitized corpus: codicology, lexicometric analysis, prosopography, statistics. It is therefore necessary to combine technical and scientific perspectives to provide a tool for historians' work.This presentation is based on the example of an accounting register concerning the gruerie of Châtenois and Neufchâteau (FRAD054 — B 4623, 1488-1501). After a quick presentation of the document, I'll explain why I've chosen an XML-TEI markup considering the aim of my research. Second, I'll propose my encoding schema to illustrate my choices in adapting the TEI model and to show the difficulties or questioning I've met in my work, which is just there in its early stages.