Suchergebnisse

Sugar industry in Indonesia has been experiencing rapid growth in local consumption, a decrease in domestic production, an increasingly growing import dependency, and a rise in the cost of energy use. This study explores the efficiency of energy use in the Indonesian sugar industry from 2010 to 2014 by applying the input distance function based on the trans-log model to all sugar mills across the country. The results revealed that substantial differences in energy efficiency exist across the provinces. The average energy efficiency is nearly 0.68, with the most efficient regions reaching nearly 0.77 and the lowest ones scoring about 0.62. The sugar mills in the provinces of Gorontalo, Banten, South Sulawesi, and East Java are more efficient than those of other provinces. The energy efficiency function suggested that increasing production volume can help to achieve more efficient energy use. Additionally, as labor and capital are substitute inputs, improvements in capital investment (technological upgrade) may yield larger outputs and contribute to more energy-efficient production. Meanwhile, raw materials and capital are complementary inputs, so improvements in energy efficiency via a larger mill size, bigger capital investment, and more efficient sourcing of raw materials can support the national government's production targets sustainably.

The development of sustainable manufacturing industries is the strategy and policy of Indonesia government. The purpose of this research to examine and analyze the impact of labor, capital, material, and energy consume in 2012-2015 to output of manufacturing industries sector based on 2 digits code. The other purpose is to analyze and examine the factor affecting the output of manufacturing industries sector and Total Factor Productivity. The methods that used in this research is regression with panel data and TFP OLS. The result show that labor, capital, material, and energy consume have significant positive effect to output f manufacturing industries sector, while the TFP result is positive.

Indonesia as one of the countries of the G20 with the manufacturing sector as one of the largest energy user sectors. Energy use in the industrial sector is contributing as emitters. The greater use of energy, the greater the amount of emissions produced. The need for environmental policy declared by Jaffe et al (1995) in his research called Porter's Hypothesis, namely environmental policies may affect innovation and market creation. But in the long-term costs of policy or government spending is specialized in the field of environment will benefit the government itself which will increase the level of the efficiency of the country. This study aims to analyze how the level of efficiency of the manufacturing sector in the city - metropolitan city in Indonesia under natural policy and managerial disposability policy. Secondly, this study try to analyze and find the causes of inefficiency variables, where the role of technological innovation is very important in increasing the level of efficiency both operational and environmental performance. The data sample is 33 provinces within Indonesia. By compositing six variables, which is three input variables and three output variables. The output variable consists of desirable output (good output) and undesirable output (bad output). The input variables consist of labor, investment, and energy consumption, while the output variable consists of the GDP, SO2, and NO2. The research utilized Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The research result is the efficiency in the manufacturing sector in 33 provinces in Indonesia with two ways of measurement that has been determined by using arithmetic models shows that the province of large provinces such as Jakarta and West Java has a high efficiency in the industrial sector. For example, Jakarta has an average efficiency of 100% perfect in UENM efficiency measurements during the observation period 2012-2015.

Since the first election policy was enacted simultaneously, it does not mean that it does not have potential problems, instead it causes other problems, which require extra time and energy in doing recapitulation. Simultaneous elections consist of presidential elections, DPR elections, Provincial DPRDs, City / Regency DPRDs, DPD, the more they are elected, the more influential is the time of voting and the time of vote recapitulation. The longer the voting time is done by the voters, the longer the recapitulation time. The longer time of recapitulation results in the fatigue of KPPS members which triggers inaccurate work and prone to manipulation and fraud so that it can damage the quality of elections. This study aims to determine the estimated time needed for voting for ballots in elections using the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The resulting time estimate is based on the time of the voter in the voting booth. The results of this study indicate that ANN with the Multilayer Perceptron Algorithm can calculate the estimated time required for ballot balloting by producing the best combination of learning parameters with 4 hidden neurons, learning rate 0.001, and 2000 epoch iterations resulting in an RMSE value of 108,015 seconds.

Since the first election policy was enacted simultaneously, it does not mean that it does not have potential problems, instead it causes other problems, which require extra time and energy in doing recapitulation. Simultaneous elections consist of presidential elections, DPR elections, Provincial DPRDs, City / Regency DPRDs, DPD, the more they are elected, the more influential is the time of voting and the time of vote recapitulation. The longer the voting time is done by the voters, the longer the recapitulation time. The longer time of recapitulation results in the fatigue of KPPS members which triggers inaccurate work and prone to manipulation and fraud so that it can damage the quality of elections. This study aims to determine the estimated time needed for voting for ballots in elections using the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The resulting time estimate is based on the time of the voter in the voting booth. The results of this study indicate that ANN with the Multilayer Perceptron Algorithm can calculate the estimated time required for ballot balloting by producing the best combination of learning parameters with 4 hidden neurons, learning rate 0.001, and 2000 epoch iterations resulting in an RMSE value of 108,015 seconds.

The mining divestment policy has 3 main key components. First, how much is thedivestment amount. Second, who can buy divested shares. Third, how much is the saleprice of the divested shares. The first element, the divestment requires that everyforeign-owned mining company divest a portion of the increased shares to thegovernment, BUMN or national private sector. (Government Regulation Number 1of 2017, concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010,concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities).The second element, regarding the divestment rules, determines who can buy(Permen ESDM No. 9 of 2017, concerning Procedures for Stock Divestment andMechanism for Determining the Price of Divestment Shares in Minerba MiningBusiness Activities).While the third element is the rule that determines the stock pricewhen it is sold, the share price offered to the Government is determined throughnegotiation. (Government Regulation No. 23 of 2010, concerning theImplementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities).Industrialdevelopments in the country are still difficult to do, including mining. According toArchandra Tahar, Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) thereare at least three factors inhibiting the development of the mining sector in Indonesia.These three factors are the problem of banking, technology and political interestrates.

Although trauma and public skepticism toward the military is still quite strong; though the sins of the military during the New Order freely beragai stripped naked in public space during the reform. In fact, military figures rose even more flying in many national level either party until the local level, both old and new parties. To face the new system of political contestation and the military is benefiting from a weakening factor of the consolidation of civilian political forces. Political parties and civic leaders increasingly anti Orba number berjibun be a dilemma. Elections are approaching need fresh energy to be the winner while they are still haunted by the various limitations of the cadre of crisis, financial crisis and the crisis of political networks. To rise, the former general has a genetic modalities required political parties and civic leaders that organizational discipline, a network of territorial and political violence. Political modalities of military culture is that interest civilian politicians because it can be replicated in consolidating the power of the party, although very risky memangun consolidation of democracy in Indonesia in the future. The choices here are to be assessed for reading the direction of the democratization of Indonesia.

This paper aims to explain the problem is getting the massive influx of foreign tourists to Indonesia. Massive foreign tourists to Indonesia appeared to have an impact on the potential threat of non-traditional Indonesia. Membajirnya foreign travelers in keveriusan akibatnkan by the government to capitalize on the object of the tourism industry as one of the country's foreign exchange objects. With the method of qualitative analysis supported by data collection techniques secondary and primary then produced the conclusion that the massive rating aving to Indonesia because of a) policies shaft maritime Jokowi wrong vatu orientation is the development of the tourism industry, b) bilateral relations between Indonesia and a number of countries is getting more intense including in the field of pariwisatwa, trade, investment, energy, etc., c) the geopolitical posture especially Indonesian mainly sea access easier for foreign tourists to visit Indonesia, including the illegal way. The result is a policy response one BVK make many visits to Indonesia. Dampakanya potentially against illegal behavior in the form of non tradisionaal threat of the emergence of illegal labor. This is related to the inability of the state to provide employment for its citizens but to take the labor of other countries. Thus, the policy of rating mobilization efforts should be supervised by all sides because of the potential not only to the emergence of foreign workers but other illegal behavior such as drug dealers etc.

The development of the village is an ongoing effort to oversee the change of relations of the village's political economy internally and externally, towards a new village life arrangement that is more democratic, independent and fair in line with the principles of good governance. This activity aims to provide knowledge and understanding to the village apparatus especially at Sumerta Kelod's community village, East Denpasar District, Denpasar City regarding the implementation of village governance in line with the principles of Good Governance. The method of implementing Community Service Activities (PKM) uses the saturated sample method for village government officials and purposive sampling for village communities. The results of PKM activities from the target side are reached. This can be proven from the number of participants who participated in the activity can be said to be successful. From the lecture activities, there was a question and answer session which was followed with great enthusiasm by the participants, thus it can be concluded that the objectives of this activity were achieved. The achievement of the objectives of the activity in general could be said to have been good. This can be shown from the wishes of the Sumerta Kelod Village Head in this modern era, the community is expected to be able to keep up with the times, it means that everything done through online such as making KTP, KK online lives to the village hall to be signed. It is more efficient in terms of time, energy and material.

The research about the women parliament candidacy based on problems, theory, methodology and researchanalysis being utilized by the researcher aims at 1) unveiling affirmative action policy in accordance to the2003 Public Election regulation (UU) and the 2008 political party regulation that are suitable policy along withefforts to enhance women representativeness in parliament within regional autonomy framework; 2) elaboratingpolitical party supports towards quota fulfillment process of 30 percent in line with the 2009 public electionregulation; 3) describing and criticizing mass media roles in the process of the political communication of womencandidates of DKI Jakarta Province in 2009; 4) discovering and exploring quality of the political communicationof women candidates of DKI Jakarta Province 2009; 5) highlighting women efforts and struggles regarding theregulation of political quota and regional autonomy are so-called 'counter hegemony' movement. Paradigmused in the research is critical paradigm with Gramcsian analysis model. Theory and concept of this research areAntonio Gramcsi's thoughts; hegemony-counter hegemony, political network alliance, political communication,radical feminism, mass media in the New Marxist perspective (Gramcsian) and regional autonomy concept.The research uses qualitative approach with case study method and feminist research as well as equipped bymethod of the Gramcsian-Marxist analysis. Results and discussion of the research argue that women have beenundergoing marginalization both culturally and structurally in the political realm resulting in injustice of theirrepresentativeness in parliament. The notion becomes rooted in the social structure and system and has been goingas a cultural system which is patriarchy system. The women altogether have to establish and belong to a solidnetwork alliance to give pressure towards the government; those are in power and the state in order to transformconditions of women representativeness in parliament. They are therefore expected to have bargaining positionthat is balanced or even stronger with the state. The position is needed by women in that they can compete withmen and create broader opportunity by which they achieve it by the release of the 2009 political party regulationand the running of the regional autonomy regulation. In the Gramcsi's concept, the equality of bargaining positionbetween women movement, represented as civil society and the state represented as political community highlylikely produce conceptual/intellectual and practical clashes to establish new hegemony whose consequence isto prosper woman community and broader civil society as well as political community. In this phase, Gramcsinames it as 'counter hegemony' movement in which women can present themselves and bear new hegemony afterwinning the conceptual war against the old hegemony. The women's struggles to run candidacy of The 2009 DKIregional election took a form of 'counter hegemony'. The effort was undertaken so that the women can owe highbargaining position in politics that is influenced by the other power namely mass media. The need to supports ofmedia industry is inevitable. Media industry, as institution having capital ideology, might highly possible be usedby women movement/ the civil. In addition, women can take benefits from media to assist struggles of 'counterhegemony'. As a consequence, the women's struggles of counter hegemony are complicated to do due to partialand incomprehensive efforts. The women political candidates of DKI Jakarta possess resistant movement spirit orfighting movement to transform cultural values of patriarchy especially in politics. In this notion, it is evident thatemancipation ideology is not effective to strengthen the movement unless it is as communal vision and missionfrom elements of struggles that can produce women great energy to achieve their goals. The energy is no other than'collective will' considered as fighting ideology which is necessary therein fighting ideas of women have constantand significant energy.Keywords : regional autonomy, political communication, Gramcsian Analysis, women parliament candidacydkijakarta 2009)

Abstract : Terms of women's emancipation or gender equality is often touted in almost all corners of the world, able to open a general idea to rethink creature named women to become leaders, even heads of state. The discussion will be more interesting when the position of women in the social facts are also removed. It is of course behind the reconstruction of the position of women in the historical and political arena. Both studies and evidence from the Quran, the Hadith, and the explanation of the experts in the field, shows that women do not experience gender barriers to explore her potential and release energy to become a leader in the community when the community around it has not considered taboo and acknowledged benefits. In addition, the permissibility of being a leader must also be supported by personal qualities include: ability, capacity, faculty, and skills. Abstrak : Ketentuan emansipasi perempuan atau kesetaraan gender sering disebut-sebut hampir di seluruh penjuru dunia, mampu membuka ide umum untuk memikirkan kembali makhluk bernama perempuan untuk menjadi pemimpin, bahkan kepala negara. Pembahasan akan lebih menarik bila posisi perempuan dalam fakta-fakta sosial juga dihapus. Hal ini tentu saja di balik rekonstruksi posisi perempuan di arena sejarah dan politik. Kedua studi dan bukti dari Al-Qur'an, Hadits, dan penjelasan dari para ahli di lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa wanita tidak mengalami hambatan gender untuk menggali potensi dan melepaskan energi untuk menjadi pemimpin di masyarakat ketika masyarakat di sekitarnya belum tabu dipertimbangkan dan manfaat diakui. Selain itu, kebolehan menjadi seorang pemimpin juga harus didukung oleh kualitas pribadi meliputi: kemampuan, kapasitas, fakultas, dan keterampilan

Global warming has seized the world's attention will be growing even larger in the future considering the consequences of it. UNO, through environmental program UNEP (United Nations Environment Progranune) and the World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to examine and analyze issues emerging science. Since 1990, every five or six years the IPCC has issued reports related to science through observation and prediction to determine the trend in the future. The conclusions that can be described are one of the strategic ways to protect the atmosphere is to control the use of natural resources. Increasing number of both large and medium industries in order to meet consumer needs for industrial products is contributing to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from industrial processes. To meet international standards for the environment, using the GHG Emission Standard, Indonesian follows the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines. In applying these standards in the steel, chemical , aluminum and cement in Indonesia has two options: firstly, replacing old technology with new technology that GHG emissions is small, the second, modifies or adds equipment that reduce GHG emissions. This type of cooperation corresponding to the four types of industries (chemical, steel, cement and aluminum) are complementary models, simultaneous agreement model can be complete each other. Furthermore, various agreements between countries can be done through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, we need to realize the importance of industrial processes and ' clean production ', as this can increase the efficiency of use of raw materials, energy, prevent or replace the use of hazardous materials and toxic, reducing the amount and toxicity levels of all emissions and wastes before leaving the process. Clean production was essentially aimed at reducing the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle, from raw material collection to final disposal after the product was not used. Finally, community participation, industrialists, and government jointly required because it is the most effective measure in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases.

ABSTRAKSIDemokrasi didefinisikan sebagai kekuatan rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Indonesia memeluk demokrasi yang dijiwai dan terintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai luhur sehingga tidak dapat dialihkan. Implementasi demokrasi terlihat pada pesta demokrasi yang diadakan setiap lima tahun. Pemilihan kepala daerah menunjukkan implementasi demokrasi masyarakat di daerah dan indikator pelaksanaan kehidupan demokrasi. Pada kenyataannya itu ditentukan oleh kesadaran elit politik untuk membangun aliansi politik. Pada tahun 2018, Indonesia memasuki tahun politik yang ditandai dengan pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) secara serentak di berbagai provinsi dan kabupaten / kota. Pilkada memiliki posisi strategis dalam menciptakan keefektifan pemerintah lokal karena kepala yang dinominasikan dan terpilih memegang peran kepemimpinan daerah. Ini adalah pilkada simultan yang tidak hanya memiliki sejumlah besar wilayah, tetapi juga mencakup daerah-daerah yang dikategorikan memiliki bobot politik dalam perhitungan politik nasional. Kita harus berjuang bersama untuk memulihkan cita-cita demokrasi dari pemilihan, untuk mengatur bahwa persaingan politik dapat dilaksanakan dengan cara yang beradab dan menghasilkan pemimpin yang diterima oleh semua pihak. Konflik harus diarahkan sebagai energi untuk membuat tantangan demokratis dan berharap lebih banyak dan lebih tepat dalam proses demokratisasi pemilu di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Demokrasi, Pilkada Serempak 2018, Harapan, dan Tantangan ABSTRACTDemocracy is defined as the power of the people, by the people, and for the people. Indonesia embraces a democracy that is imbued and integrated with noble values so that it can not be diverted away. Implementation of democracy is seen at the democracy party which is held every five years. The election of regional head shows the implementation of community democracy in the area and an indicator of the implementation of democratic life. In reality it is determined by the consciousness of political elites to build political alliances. In 2018, Indonesia entered the political year marked by the election of regional heads (Pilkada) simultaneously in various provinces and districts / cities. Pilkada has a strategic position in creating the effectiveness of local government because the nominated and elected heads hold the role of regional leadership. This is a simultaneous pilkada that not only has a large number of areas, but also includes regions that are categorized as having political weight in national political calculations. We must strive together to restore the democratic ideals of the elections, to organize that political competition can be implemented in a civilized manner and produce leaders who are accepted by all parties. Conflict must be directed as energy to make democratic challenges and hopes more and more correct in the process of democratization of elections in Indonesia.Keywords: Democracy, Pilkada Unison 2018, Hope, and Challenge

ABSTRACTNationalism, ideology based on the premise that the individual's loyalty anddevotion to the nation state surpass other individual or group interest nationalismis a modern movement. A consciousness of the part of individuals or groups ofmembership in a nation, whether one's or another. A state of mind, permeating thelarge majority of people and climing to permeate all its members, it recognizes thenation state as the ideal form of political organization and the nationality as thesource of all creative cultural energy and economic will being.Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by thepromotion of the interest of particular nation, especially with the aim of gainingand maintaining sovereignty (self governance). The supreme loyalty of man istherefore do to this nationality, as his own life is supposedly rooted in and madepossible by its welfare.The policy or doctrine of asserting the interest of one's own nation viewed asseparate from the interest of all nation and idiom or trait peculiar to a nation, amovement, as in the arts, based upon the folk idioms, history, aspirations of anation. Nationalism is a strong attachment to a particular country or nation. It isalso called patriotism many historians consider nationalism to be one of the mostimportant forces in shaping modern history. Nationalism can have a positiveinfluence by giving people a sense of belonging to a national community.Integral nationalism, this stage of nationalism centers the nation and its state in thelife of all citizens. Instead of a state being committed to supplying public goods tocitizens, this form of nationalism emphasizes individuals sacrifice for the benefit ofthe nation and its government.Nationalism is a simple and relativist political ideology that holds tremendous waywith millions of voters and many government. Nationalism's adaptability to mostlocal conditions allows it to thrive, especially when supported by a governmentintent on expanding its own power, domestically and internationally. It's andattractive ideology for political leaders, as it provides a ready made and widelybelieved justification for increased political power in order to make the nation.Indonesia's leader want to wean the country off commodities and push investmentin value added manufacturing and services to emulate the success of countries. Theargument that Indonesia needs to focus on overhauling education andinfrastructure to lift the country's productivity and help boost its economy.Its vision of the inevitable transformation of the nation state system by globalprocesses that the nation state was entering a period of crisis. The argue thatnationalism would only intensity as states the growing challenge of globalization.