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This book explores the philosophical understanding of the ℓ́ℓenergy consumptionℓ́ℓ in warehousing process that can be found in the literature. It presents known technical solutions that, if they are used in cold storage rooms, can effectively reduce energy consumption: through lower power consumption and/or energy recovery, such as the use of photovoltaic panels. The final part of the book explores the problems discussed on the basis of a concrete example ℓ́ℓ a project involving energy recovery in a refrigerated warehouse. This publication also describes the design of refrigerated warehouses, taking into account their energy intensity. In the case of logistic warehousing systems, the pallets in warehouses can offer a source of energy ℓ́ℓ namely of the potential energy stored in the loads on the shelves. Given that todayℓ́ℓs construction warehouses have heights on the order of several tens of meters, that energy can be considerable. In the case of refrigerated warehouses and cold storage facilities, it is necessary to monitor the stored goods in order to maintain a constant freezing temperature, in keeping with the requirements of the HACCP system. Inevitably, this calls for constant cooling of the air inside the warehouse, and thus produces a fixed, high and constant level of energy usage. And, just as in any other context, it becomes important to identify methods for reducing energy consumption.

Some UK households and individuals use vastly more energy than others. Nationally, reducing personal demand for energy is an important part of meeting the commitment to reduce carbon emissions. However, despite occasional attempts to identify and stigmatise particularly 'excessive' gadgets or activities, energy policy has not been framed around reducing excessive consumption. By bringing empirical evidence about variations in energy consumption together with the history of policy debate on limiting energy use, this paper considers whether concepts such as excessive or luxury consumption can form the basis for policy. An overview of empirical data, based on existing statistics and surveys, provides context. This shows that energy use in the home and for personal transport varies hugely between households and individuals in the UK, even within the same income decile. A brief historical survey, both in terms of averages and variation across the population, shows changing patterns of consumption, including recent reductions in residential energy demand. The evidence demonstrates that the difference in consumption between low and high energy using households is just over a factor of two, and that household energy consumption rises much less strongly with income, than, say, transport energy use. The history of UK policy engagement with limiting energy consumption is described, with most attention paid to residential energy use. Case studies of policy proposals to constrain high consumption illustrate how these ideas have been considered. Cases include rising block tariffs, standing charges and energy tariffs, and arguments about the proper basis for EU product energy labels and minimum standards (efficiency versus absolute consumption). These suggestions for policy re-orientation have not been adopted in the UK, where most current residential energy policy is based on efficiency. However, some elements of policy are based on consumption, and these are briefly described. In the discussion, these different types of ...

That energy is an important development factor is now common knowledge. Without energy, services and societal activities will virtually grind to a halt. In Nigeria, there are several federal and state universities that receive their funding from the government. Because of their peculiar nature as knowledge-transfer-based institutions, the energy source predominantly in use in the universities is electricity. Therefore, the issues of electric energy availability, consumption and costs in universities with resident students and staff quarters can present a formidable challenge to any responsible administration. Due to the inadequate and epileptic supply of electricity in our universities, this paper establishes the need for baseline energy consumption profile in the Universities as a framework for future energy savings scheme and policy formation. This will help to identify where energy is being wasted, together with appropriate energy efficiency measures that can be considered in order to reduce energy consumption, costs and mitigate associated environmental externalities.

The work presents the problem of energy consumption of motor vehicles. It discusses issues connected with the problem of the consumption of fuel resources in the European Union. It presents the methods of determining the energy needed for the vehicle to move and the results of energy consumption analysis of a sample internal combustion car and an analysis of the energy recovery possibilities.

As the residential buildings sector accounts for around 30 percent of the final energy demand in Germany, this sector is increasingly becoming the focus of public attention with regard to climate change. In this book, decisions on energy consumption by private households are examined. The analyses are based on several empirical methods. The results show that the road to more sustainable energy consumption in residential buildings is not hampered by a lack of will on behalf of the consumers. However one should be realistic that there are many instances where improving thermal institution involves additional economic costs for individual households.

We examine causal links between energy consumption and health indicators (Mortality rate under-5, life expectancy, greenhouse effect, and government expenditure per capita) for a sample of 16 African countries over the period 1971-2010 (according to availability of countries' data). We use the panel-data approach of Kónya (2006), which is based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show that health and energy consumption are strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality between energy consumption and health indicators in Nigeria. In particular, our findings suggest that electricity consumption Granger causes health outcomes for several African countries.