Suchergebnisse

Dziadykevych Yu.V., Liubezna I.V., Hradovyi V.V. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENERGY SAVINGPurpose. The aim of the work is to study the aspects of foreign experience in managing energy saving and energy efficiency of enterprises' production activities.Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Common scientific and special research methods were used, namely: abstract and logical, deductive and generalization. Using the abstract and logical method, the main factors that influence the management of energy saving processes of energy efficiency of enterprises are outlined. With the help of deductive method, the directions, which promote increase of energy saving of production activity of enterprises, are analyzed. On the basis of generalization of scientific sources devoted to the problem of increasing energy saving and energy efficiency of industrial processes of enterprises, the possibility of introducing innovations aimed at the development, creation of new types of technologies and new organizational forms of production is researched. This will ensure the competitiveness of enterprises in both domestic and foreign markets.Findings. It has been established that there are a number of barriers to efficient energy use, namely financial, managerial, administrative and legal and market. Energy saving should be the priority direction of the enterprise's economic policy. The strategic directions of Ukraine's energy and efficient policies should be: increasing the volume of oil and gas production on the basis of new technologies; modernization of transport infrastructure; diversification of energy resources; reducing the share of energy-intensive industries and shaping the outlook for energy saving in society. Considerable attention should be paid to renewable energy. This will allow demonopolizing of key segments of the energy market and ensuring its transparency and predictability, thus contributing to the rational use of energy resources. External factors have a significant impact on energy saving, in particular: regulatory framework, stability of the energy market, incentive measures by the state, lack of material interest of producers in implementing energy saving technologies and saving energy resources.It is shown that in the industrialized countries of the world there is an increase in the energy sector in the structure of the national economy, as the constant rise in oil and natural gas prices leads to energy dependence on exporting countries. In particular, Germany solves this problem through energy saving and the use of a mixed energy supply system. In Sweden, the government encourages the use of renewable energy through the exemption of enterprises from energy taxes for a period of 5 years, subsidies for insulation of old houses, and simplification of permits for the construction of wind power plants. At the same time, the state also uses administrative management methods. It applies taxes, subsidies, subsidies, trades quotes and electrical certificates. The US Department of Energy is implementing a national energy policy and tackling a number of urgent energy challenges faced by the state, namely: the impact of high energy prices, environmental protection, increased energy supplies, increased energy efficiency and energy efficiency, increased use of renewable and alternative energy sources, development of energy infrastructure and energy security. In the EU, two approaches are used to finance energy efficiency measures. At first approach, the co-owners of multi-apartment buildings themselves decide to upgrade their housing in order to save heat and resources. Various mechanisms are used for this purpose, including state financing and bank loans. The second approach involves energy modernization through utilities or municipal institutions. In Bulgaria, measures for energy efficiency are paid from the state budget, and Lithuanian citizens pay them for their taxes. It is noted that the mass implementation of OASES in practice increases the loading of traditional power plants at night, reduces peak loads in power grids, does not require the construction of new hydroelectric power stations, promotes the introduction of renewable energy sources into production processes and life. The concept of "smart" energy should take into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian electricity sector.Originality. It is proved that the main purpose of energy independence is energy conservation and encouragement to use new types of energy sources in all sectors of the country's economy.Practical value. The introduction of high-energy and environmentally friendly energy sources into production processes will increase the efficiency of their work.Key words: energy saving; energy efficiency; energy resources; renewable energy sources; economic instruments; foreign experience.

Introduction The household in Latvia is the most energy capacious sector – 40 % of the final total energy consumption has been consumed by household in 2008. According to that the energy demands in household as well as energy conservation potential are very important parts of the management and development of energy sector. The paper presents the latest development in Building sector and in Energy Efficiency in Building sector involved Legislative aspects, Framework changes, which influence building renovation process in Latvia. Methods Refurbishment projects focused on the large stock of apartment buildings built before 1990. The standardized buildings comprise 65% of the building stock. District heating is widespread in Latvia. For the whole building sector estimated saving potential of 30-50% resulting in 15 PJ. For the public buildings estimated saving potential 20-60% resulting in 2.052 PJ. Refurbishment projects Latvia suggests a rehabilitation strategy in 3 groups with first groups of more simple and inexpensive measures and the last group for major rehabilitations. Group 1: Water receiving devices adjustments and heat meters installation. Windows and doors packing/renovation, loggias glazing, change heat substations. (20-30% savings/4.5 years pay back). Group 2: Insulation external walls and balks covering, ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens. (15% savings additionally). Group 3: Windows/doors replacement, individual heat meters, and thermo controller valves, insulation of cellars coverings, side walls, and gable roofs. (Savings 50-60% with group 1-3. medium/long pay back). The paper also describes different financing schemes for the Building Refurbishment Projects, regulatory frameworks of this kind of Projects, Projects evaluation by the performance indicators (Investments volume, Energy savings, CO2 Reductions etc.) Conclusions The paper presents potential for energy saving in building sector in Latvia and the results from the realized projects of building refurbishment when building envelope element U-values have been reduced significantly by external insulation measures, and internal heating system have been rebuild. The project's results illustrate optimal energy saving measures for different types of buildings.

This article analyses methods of energy efficiency stimulation in the European Union. The author investigates basic areas of the EU activity; in particular, the author estimates results of implementation of the Energy Star program, new provisions of labeling of energy-using products, measures to increase energy efficiency in buildings. The paper also analyzes the provisions of the Directive 2012/27 that is the first EU document, providing for a comprehensive approach to energy saving at all stages: production, transformation and consumption. Today EU policy includes: 7) a general political and regulatory framework laid down by the European action plan on energy efficiency and Directive 2012/27; 2) national action plans on energy efficiency, which should be in line with indicative targets set at the EU level; 3) special EU documents in key areas of energy efficiency (buildings, energy-consuming equipment etc.); 4) accompanying instruments, such as target funding, information dissemination, support of specialized networks. The paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the key methods of implementation of EU policy in the area of energy saving. The author concludes that EU operates within the framework of the open method of coordination. The system of mandatory/voluntary technical standards has allowed to achieve significant success, but indicative planning and monitoring of national actions are not completely effective. In the long term EU policy in the area of energy efficiency is restrained by member states unwillingness to delegate to the European Union a more detailed powers in this field and to give the EU bodies facilities to execute more strict control. In the short term - in conditions of economic crisis, the EU countries are not ready to invest significant budget funds in projects with long payback period.