Suchergebnisse

This paper presents an interactive multimedia case study in waste water management developed at the University of Surrey, UK. The case study considers waste water treatment methods used in a typical sewage treatment works (STW). The works uses a biological treatment process which depends on the provision of dissolved oxygen to the incoming waste water stream. There are several alternative ways of providing oxygen and this case study explores the technical, environmental, economic and social aspects of the various alternatives. The aim of the case study is to suggest which criteria chemical engineers should consider in order to identify more sustainable process alternatives. The case study is developed as an IT‐based interactive learning package (CD‐ROM).

Intro -- Preface -- The SEEDS Conference -- The International SEEDS Conference Scientific Committee 2015 -- Conference Sponsors -- Contents -- Sustainability and the Policy Landscape -- 1 The Meaning of Sustainability -- 'Strong' and 'Weak' Sustainability -- References -- 2 The Patchwork Politics of Sustainable Communities -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sustainable Communities and Neighbourhood Planning -- The Uneven Geography of Sustainable Development -- Conclusion: The Future of the Sustainable Community -- References -- 3 What has Posterity Ever Done for us? An Ethical Framework for UK Climate Change Policy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Orthodoxy: The Stern Review -- Critique of the Orthodoxy -- Introduction -- Challenge 1: Deontology -- Challenge 2: Agent-Relative Ethics: Problems with δ -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 The Rocky Road of Post-Capitalist Grassroots Experimentation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Post-Capitalist Grassroots Experimentation -- Exploring the Contours of Post-Capitalist Grassroots Experimentation -- Taking Risks -- Transformational Change -- Focusing on the Fine Grain -- Deepening Democracy -- Embedding Security in Insecure Times -- Learning -- Conclusion. Deepening the Urban Commons -- References -- Sustainability and Technology -- 5 An Evaluation of Thermal and Lighting Performance Within an ETFE Structure -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Benefits of ETFE in Construction -- The ETFE Panel and Test Structure -- Research Method -- Research Results -- Thermal Environment -- Lighting Data -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Double-Skin Façades for the Sustainable Refurbishment of Non-domestic Buildings: A Life Cycle Environmental Impact Perspective -- Abstract -- Introduction -- LCA in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry.

Why is engineering design important for all leaners?
Engineering design systematically identifies needs, wants, and problems and then devises solutions to address them. A central component of our work is guiding students in the engineered design of solutions to local environmental problems. Science in society and schools must be for all citizens. Reasons include the desire to prepare citizens with the tools and knowledge to address local and global problems. With funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation, we foster sustained learning of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) for students from primary school through university.

Stem programs: encouraging an early start with engineering design
Nancy Butler Songer, Associate Provost of STEM Education at the University of Utah, highlights the importance of introducing STEM programs to younger students. Fifty years ago, I was one of three girls (of fifty 11 and 12-year-olds) in the after-school Science Club (Figure 1). Equipped with my bicycle and a large butterfly net, my task was to gather and identify fifty different species of insects before school began again in the fall. Little did I know that this activity was a formative experience leading to a career in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education. My experience as a twelve-year-old is consistent with a wealth of research indicating that pre-teen interest in STEM fields, including Engineering, is a strong predictor of future careers. Research studies indicate that to increase the number of students pursuing engineering and science as a career goal, we must increase activities with engineering as a fundamental component before students reach their teenage years (Sneider & Ravel, 2021).

The use of computer simulations is now an established technique in engineering design. Many of these simulations are used to predict the expected behavior of systems that are not yet built, or of existing systems in modes of operation, such as catastrophic failure, in which it is not feasible to test the real system. Another use of computer simulations is for training and testing purposes in which the simulation is interfaced to real hardware, software and/or a human operator and is required to operate in real-time. Examples are plant simulators for operator training or simulated environments for testing hardware or software components. The primary requirement of a real-time simulation is that it must complete all the calculations necessary to update the simulator outputs as well as all the necessary data I/O within the allotted frame time. Many real-time simulations use frame times in the range of a few milliseconds and greater.There is an increasing number of applications, for example in power electronics and automotive systems, in which much shorter frame rates are required. This paper reviews some of these applications and the approaches to real-time simulation that can achieve frame times in the range 5 to 100 microseconds.

PurposeThe customer order decoupling point (CODP) concept addresses the issue of customer engagement in the manufacturing process. This has traditionally been applied to material flows, but has more recently been applied to engineering activities. This later subject becomes of particular importance to companies operating in "engineer-to-order" (ETO) supply chains, where each order is potentially unique. Existing conceptualisations of ETO are too generic for practical purposes, so there is a need to better understand order penetration in the context of engineering activities, especially design. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to address the question "how do customer penetration concepts apply to engineering design activities?"Design/methodology/approachA collaborative form of inquiry is adopted, whereby academics and practitioners co-operated to develop a conceptual framework. Within this overarching research design, a focus group of senior practitioners and multiple case studies principally from complex civil and structural engineering as well as scientific equipment projects are used to explore the framework.FindingsThe framework results in a classification of nine potential engineering subclasses, and insight is given into order penetration points, major uncertainties and enablers via the case studies. Focus group findings indicate that different managerial approaches are needed across subclasses.Practical implicationsThe findings give insight for companies that engage directly with customers on a one-to-one basis, outlining the extent of customer penetration in engineering activities, associated operational strategies and choices regarding the co-creation of products with customers. Care should be taken in generalising beyond the sectors addressed in the study.Originality/valueThe paper refines the definition of the ETO concept, and gives a more complete understanding of customer penetration concepts. It provides a comprehensive reconceptualization of the ETO category, supported by exploratory empirical research.