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Front Cover -- Food Process Engineering and Technology -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. "Food is Life" -- 2. Food Process Engineering -- 3. The Food Process -- 4. Batch and Continuous Processes -- 5. Process Flow Diagrams -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 1: Physical properties of food materials -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Mass, Volume, and Density -- 1.3. Mechanical Properties -- 1.3.1. Definitions -- 1.3.2. Rheological Models -- 1.4. Thermal Properties -- 1.5. Electrical Properties -- 1.6. Structure -- 1.7. Water Activity -- 1.7.1. The Importance of Water in Foods -- 1.7.2. Water Activity, Definition, and Determination -- 1.7.3. Water Activity: Prediction -- 1.7.4. Water Vapor Sorption Isotherms -- 1.7.5. Water Activity: Effect on Food Quality and Stability -- 1.8. Phase Transition Phenomena in Foods -- 1.8.1. The Glassy State in Foods -- 1.8.2. Glass Transition Temperature -- 1.9. Optical Properties -- 1.10. Surface Properties -- 1.11. Acoustic Properties -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2: Fluid flow -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Elements of Fluid Mechanics -- 2.2.1. Introduction -- 2.2.2. The Navier-Stokes Equation -- 2.2.3. Viscosity -- 2.2.4. Fluid Flow Regimes -- 2.2.5. Typical Applications of Newtonian Laminar Flow -- 2.2.5.1. Laminar flow in a cylindrical channel (pipe or tube) -- 2.2.5.2. Laminar fluid flow on flat surfaces and channels -- 2.2.5.3. Laminar fluid flow around immersed particles -- 2.2.5.4. Fluid flow through porous media -- 2.2.6. Turbulent Flow -- 2.2.6.1. Turbulent Newtonian fluid flow in a cylindrical channel (tube or pipe) -- 2.2.6.2. Turbulent fluid flow around immersed particles -- 2.3. Flow Properties of Fluids -- 2.3.1. Types of Fluid Flow Behavior -- 2.3.2. Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Pipes -- 2.4. Transportation of Fluids

During the past several decades, the economy of each nation has been significantly affected by globalization and technology. Government regulations and private sector standards affect a majority of world trade. Countries have been working together to establish international standards in almost every field. As a result, workers in all sectors need to have an understanding of standards. Engineering and technology students must not only possess an understanding of engineering standards and applicable government codes, but also learn to apply them in designing, developing, testing and servicing products, processes and systems. Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology (ABET) criteria for engineering and technology education require students to learn and apply standards in their class projects. This paper is a follow-up of a 2006-2009 NSF initiative awarded to IEEE to help develop tutorials and case study modules for students and encourage standards education at college campuses. It presents the findings of a faculty/institution survey conducted through various U.S.-based listservs representing the major engineering and technology disciplines. The intent of the survey was to the gauge the status of use of standards and regulations in engineering and technology coursework and to identify benchmark practices. In light of survey findings, recommendations are made to standards development organizations, industry, and academia to help enhance the use of standards in engineering and technology curricula.