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L'articolo ha per oggetto un aspetto del pensiero politico di David Hume di estremo interesse, sebbene non sufficientemente affrontato dalla critica italiana: la concezione humeana della Storia come fenomeno culturale, che trova la massima espressione nell'opera The History of England. L'autrice si avvale, da una parte, del confronto critico e filologico di quest'opera con la precedente tradizione di studi antiquari sei-settecenteschi, per verificare i nessi e gli esiti dell'operazione intellettuale di Hume in ambito storico-politico. Dall'altra, l'articolo offre una breve, ma significativa e aggiornata, ricognizione degli studi internazionali sul rapporto tra il filosofo scozzese e la Storia. Così, anche per i ricchi riferimenti alla vasta e più recente critica anglosassone e americana sulla filosofia della storia humeana, il presente studio rappresenta un'importante messa a punto del problema.This article underlines one of the most interesting aspects of David Hume's political thought, even if it has not been sufficiently considered by Italian critics: Hume's conception of history as a cultural phenomenon, that finds its utmost expression in the work The History of England. The author offers a synthetic, relevant and up-to-date recognition of the international scholarship on the relationship between the Scottish philosopher and history. In addition, this article, is rich in references to the most recent American and British critics on the Humean philosophy of history. Finally, this work represents an important treatment of the matter.

L'articolo esamina con particolare attenzione la concezione religiosa ed il ruolo istituzionale della Chiesa nel periodo cromwelliano ricavati dal Sesto volume della History of England di David Hume. Attraverso i giudizi sullo statista, che analizzano il temperamento ed il carattere dell'uomo, la politica interna ed estera del periodo, i momenti epocali come la battaglia di Dunbar e la Grande vittoria, si dimostra come l'opinione di Hume su quell'epoca sia, in realtà, tutta incentrata sul tema della "credenza" religiosa, vera cartina di tornasole di una società in profonda e drammatica trasformazione. L'autrice rivela infatti che, dietro il pretesto biografico e la correlata analisi delle dinamiche sociali che permettono la genesi di un nuovo tipo di carisma politico, Hume miri piuttosto a ricostruire i contorni esatti del cambiamento e dei fenomeni d'innovazione culturale e religiosa che attraversarono l'intera società inglese, fornendo elementi basilari per una più esatta comprensione del contesto economico, politico ed istituzionale.The present article examines, with a particular attention, the religious view and the institutional role of the Cromwellian period taken from the sixth volume of the "History of England" by David Hume. Through reviews of the statesman that analyze the temperament and character of man, the domestic and foreign policy of the period, and the history of epochal moments, such as the battle of Dunbar and the Great victory, we demonstrate how the views of Hume of that time are, in fact, entirely focused on the theme of religious 'belief' as a real map of a litmus of a society in profound and dramatic transformation. The author reveals that under the pretext of analyzing the biographical and the related social dynamics that allowed the genesis of a new type of political charisma, Hume rather seeks to reconstruct the exact contours of the cultural and religious phenomena of change and innovation that spread accoss all British society, hence, providing fundamental elements for a more exact understanding of the economic, political, and institutional scene.

Dottorato di ricerca in Memoria e materia dell'opera d'arte attraverso i processi di produzione, storicizzazione, conservazione, musealizzazione. ; Fonti letterarie e documentarie, testimonianze archeologiche, immagini dipinte, incise o scolpite, sono quanto oggi sopravvive di un medioevo di instancabili viaggiatori, uomini e donne sospinti dalle più diverse ragioni a attraversare e valicare i confini della propria terra di origine. Tra il secolo XII e il XIV artisti, studenti, professori, membri della curia, principi e signori assursero al ruolo di principali tramiti tra l'Inghilterra e l'Italia. Ricostruire la storia di un gruppo di manoscritti tanto eterogeneo, come si è rivelato quello dei codici inglesi giunti in Italia tra il secolo XII e la prima metà del XIV, induce a riflettere sia su quali fossero i centri scrittori e le regioni dalle quali furono esportati i manoscritti, sia sulle congiunture storiche, politiche e culturali che determinarono le aree di arrivo e di sedimentazione. Individuare i luoghi della ricerca si presenta un compito difficile in un panorama politico composito e in progressiva definizione come quello dell'Italia tra il secolo XII e la prima metà del XIV, con una marcata tendenza policentrica; riflesso di ciò è la notevole frammentazione del materiale manoscritto che ancora oggi, nonostante i raggruppamenti occorsi in epoca moderna a seguito delle soppressioni degli Ordini, si osserva in Italia, secondo un panorama cristallizzatosi essenzialmente tra il settimo e l'ottavo decennio del secolo XIX, quando molti manoscritti confluirono verso le maggiori biblioteche statali. Sondare i profili dei protagonisti della peregrinatio e le ragioni che li spingevano a intraprendere lunghi e pericolosi spostamenti si rivela, al contrario, la giusta chiave per comprendere quali centri costituirono importanti poli di attrazione per una comunità proveniente dal nord dell'Europa: uno sguardo alla "mappa" della presenza inglese in Italia consente di concludere che le testimonianze più significative, non solo in considerazione della sedimentazione dei manoscritti, ma anche della presenza di uomini e donne di origine inglese, di professori, studenti, mercanti o artigiani si sono concentrate a Bologna, a Padova, a Firenze, naturalmente ad Assisi, a Palermo e nell'area piemontese. Nella valutazione degli apporti del romanico e del gotico europei alla miniatura italiana, infine, la rilettura dei numerosi episodi di relazioni artistiche tra il nord e il sud dell'Europa consente di mettere a fuoco una diffusione policentrica delle novità che giungevano dall'Inghilterra e dalla Francia, secondo canali distinti e con esiti diversi da centro a centro, al punto che ogni realtà, sia essa definita da parametri geografici, criteri storico-politici o vincoli di committenza, illustra di volta in volta un aspetto diverso dell'inerenza della cultura figurativa oltremontana.

Numerosi e rilevanti processi di rigenerazione urbana, condotti negli ultimi decenni, hanno particolarmente interessato aree brownfield (precedentemente urbanizzate), ubicate lungo mare, fiumi e canali.Alcune operazioni, svolte sulla scorta di politiche europee per le aree urbane o di programmi connessi a grandi eventi culturali e sportivi, hanno contribuito effettivamente alla rinascita e alla vitalità di territori in declino.Tuttavia, in un momento storico di profonda crisi economica e disoccupazione, di pressanti emergenze ambientali, di molteplicità e diversità delle istanze sociali, emerge la necessità di adottare approcci sempre più coerenti con obiettivi di riqualificazione fisico/ambientale e insieme di rigenerazione socio-economica.Le esperienze inglesi e francesi di riqualificazione di waterfront risultano interessanti, secondo modalità diverse, in funzione della attivazione ed implementazione del processo (struttura organizzativa di partnership, rapporto tra investimento privato e pubblico, durata del processo), in merito ad imprese, occupazione ed innovazione (spazi per ufficio, negozi e tempo libero, localizzazione imprenditoriale, attrazioni culturali, design urbano), in relazione alla comunità locale, ai servizi e al patrimonio culturale (incremento demografico e incidenza di occupazione locale, accessibilità a residenze e servizi integrati, mobilità e trasporti, conservazione e valorizzazione di edifici e siti di interesse storico-architettonico-archeologico, coinvolgimento e partecipazione ai processi di pianificazione locale), in funzione dell'uso delle risorse e della riduzione dell'inquinamento (gestione energetica, recupero di edifici e riqualificazione di aree dismesse, etc.). ; Several considerable processes of urban regeneration, carried out in the last decades, have particularly concerned brownfield areas, along sea, rivers and canals.Some operations, run in the wake of European policies for urban areas or programmes related to cultural and sport events, have actually contributed to the renaissance and vitality of territories in decline.Nevertheless, in a period of deep economic crisis and unemployment, urgent environmental emergencies, multiplicity and diversity of social instances, there is a real need for approaches more and more consistent with objectives of both physical/environmental and socio-economic regeneration.English and French experiences of waterfront regeneration are interesting, in different ways, in relation to the process activation/implementation (partnership organisational structure, private/public investment ratio, duration), as to enterprises, employment and innovation (office, retail and leisure space, enterprise localization, cultural attractions and urban design), with regard to local communities, services and cultural heritage (increase of population and local employment, accessibility to housing and integrated services, mobility and transport, conservation and valorisation of buildings and sites of architectural or historic interest, involvement and participation to local planning processes), as to the use of resources and pollution reduction (energy management, building recovery and brownfield regeneration, etc.).

It seems to take growing root in the West a certain idea of marriage, which appears to descend from the French secularism model, in being "counter-traditional", respectful of the individual autonomy, and devoted to an "integral" application of the principle of equality. The proof is that it putted down roots in legal contexts poles apart from the above model, for their way to set the space and the relevance of religion in the public sphere. The study examines the emblematic English case, where this notion has led to the introduction of "same-sex marriage", without the peculiar framework of the relations between the State and his national Church, with his singular legal tecnical implications (the "ecclesiastical law" as integral part of the general law of England; the "constitutional" principle for which the canon law cannot be contrary to the latter; the correspondence – until then – between "anglican marriage" and the civil one; the clergy's duty to solemnise the marriage of all the residents in the Country irrespective of the couple's religious beliefs or lack of them) have rapresented a barrier or a scruple. The goal of the paper is, on one hand, focusing the political and legal reasons that underlie this outcome, and, on the other hand, look into the impact that the latter has resulted on the Church of England's legal system, its legally relevant reactions, and the adopted "style of presence", also as a "benchmark" for the more comprehensive anglican world.

The century following Duke Humphrey's death has transmitted an image of "the Good Duke" that modern historiography may find misleading. Contemporary scholarship is interested in his role as the promoter of humanism in fifteenth-century England; yet, though in the course of his life there were acknowledgements of his patronage, the years immediately following his death saw his image undergo a metamorphosis. His role as a proto-humanist was quickly forgotten, while the political resonance of his death made later scholars overlook his unsuccessful career as a politician. Humphrey's death created a major sensation, and after the fall of the Lancasters it was quickly exploited for propaganda purposes by the York faction first, and by the Tudors afterwards. Humphrey haunts Elizabethan drama and Ovidian epistles, appears as an improbable Wycliffite in Foxe's Acts and as a wise man of the world in More's Dialogue Concerning Heresies. The present article takes Duke Humphrey and his afterlives as a case study for the examination of the role of propaganda in literary/political biography.

The essay investigates some stylistic and pragmatic variations across two genres and text-types pertaining to political oratory in Early Modern England. The speaker in question is the Renaissance monarch who, as many studies have shown from a cultural perspective, appropriates the forms of stage performance and, by manipulating them, acts his power and performs a relationship with his subjects. In this respect my study proposes to analyse and compare some aspects of non-literary and literary texts, Queen Elizabeth I's parliamentary speeches and Shakespeare's Henry V's monologues, as text-types which share a strong persuasive and argumentative aim and are both speech-purposed. The working hypothesis of my case study is that, by drawing attention to two specific speech-acts, directives and commissives, the evaluation of the illocutionary force of their speeches will shed light also on some typical features of the political discourse of Early Modern England.

Lord Acton was an eminent victorian intellectual, even if he was crit- icized by many enemies to be both catholic and liberal. It was very problematic to be 'papist' in England, and liberal in the Roman Church when the pope did condemn the liberalism. Nonetheless his liberal political theory was very influential, and many Gladstone's re- forms were inspired by his ideas.

Ugo Foscolo's critical opinions on Francesco Guicciardini are contained in some critical essays written during Foscolo's exile in England (1816-1827). While considering the language and style of Guicciardini's "Storia d'Italia" artificial and pompous, Foscolo admires the wide perspective of Guicciardini's work (which is, in fact, a 'history of Europe') and praises him as the first historian to study the origins and development of the law of nations and the first to suggest the principle of the balance of power. He ascribes this latter opinion to Lord Bolingbroke, probably referring to a passage of Bolingbroke's "Letters on the Study and Use of History".

The aim of this paper is to show how a key concept of modern and contemporary political philosophy, the "sovereignty of people", has been established and defended at the beginning of the 17th century by Franciesco Suarez thanks to the influence of Cicero's political thought. With a view to this goal, I will summarize the dispute on supreme power which took place between the protestants (James I of England) and the Post-tridentine Catholic church (Roberto Bellarmino and Francisco Suarez). A comparison between Cicero and Suarez will show that a point of convergence between the two thinkers can be identified in the idea of a unification of single wills, which brings to the formation of a moral "persona" and, subsequently, to the creation of a perfect community.

the image a nation has of a foreign people is frequently influenced by the cultural works, beliefs and stereotypes created on such people by leading intellectuals. Through the study of two texts by Voltaire and Diderot - the Letters on England and Voyage en Hollande - published respectively at the beginning and at the end of the XVIII century, this article wishes to explore the way the two European peoples, at that time considered a model for progress, were represented. In both works balanced description and deep analysis give way to a narrative style whose main aim is to justify and support, more or less openly, the reformist ideals and programmes of the authors: social ones, in Voltaire's case, political and aesthetical-anthropological ones in Diderot's case. A delusive antithesis between things that are dynamic – as the country portrayed – and things that are inert is thus generated. ; Peer reviewed

The century following Duke Humphrey's death has transmitted an image of "the Good Duke" that modern historiography may find misleading. Contemporary scholarship is interested in his role as the promoter of humanism in fifteenth-century England; yet, though in the course of his life there were acknowledgements of his patronage, the years immediately following his death saw his image undergo a metamorphosis. His role as a proto-humanist was quickly forgotten, while the political resonance of his death made later scholars overlook his unsuccessful career as a politician. Humphrey's death created a major sensation, and after the fall of the Lancasters it was quickly exploited for propaganda purposes by the York faction first, and by the Tudors afterwards. Humphrey haunts Elizabethan drama and Ovidian epistles, appears as an improbable Wycliffite in Foxe's "Acts" and as a wise man of the world in More's "Dialogue Concerning Heresies". The present article takes Duke Humphrey and his afterlives as a case study for the examination of the role of propaganda in literary/political biography.

The Venetian man of letters Francesco Algarotti (1712-1764) had anacademic and cosmopolitan education, refined in Paris and in London,as well as at the courts of Friedrich II of Prussia and August III ofPoland. What emerges from Algarotti's works is a suggestive culturalgeography: the Andin America, which according to him indirectly reflectedEuropean politics; China, which he admired yet never mythicizes;Africa, yet to be exploited for its geographic position and resources; and the Southern countries. And then Europe: England, the "true emporium and core of the world"; Italy, the "country of antiques" which he hoped would thrive in a deep cultural renovation; France, a "great united nation" in comparison to which Italians were "servants and divided"; Prussia, split between militarism and reformation; the economically flourishing Holland; Sweden, devoted to manufacturing and sea trade thanks to its constitutional government; Poland, incapable of self-governing and therefore land of invasions; all the way to Russia and its indisputable role in Europe. In fact, Algarotti visited the court of St. Petersburg in 1739 after a diplomatic mission to England, gathering his impressions in the volume Giornale del Viaggio da Londra a Petersbourg, a journal revised twenty years later in Viaggi di Russia, his most appreciated work.Le lettré vénitien Francesco Algarotti (1712-64) eut une formationacadémique et cosmopolite affinée à Paris et à Londres et au servicedes cours de Frédéric II de Prusse et d'Auguste III de Pologne. Desoeuvres d'Algarotti ressort une géographie culturelle évocatrice: L'Amériqueandine où il voit indirectement des aspects de la politique européenne,la Chine admirée mais sans mythifications, l'Afrique à exploiterpour sa position géographique et ses ressources, les Terres Australes.Et puis l'Europe: l'Angleterre, "véritable marché et centre du monde",l'Italie "pays des antiquités" pour laquelle il souhaitait un profond renouvellement culturel, la France "nation grande et unie" face a laquelleles Italiens sont "soumis et divisés", la Prusse partagée entre militarismeet réformes, la prospérité économique de la Hollande, la Suède vouéeaux manufactures et au commerce maritime grâce à son gouvernementconstitutionnel, la Pologne incapable de se gouverner d'elle même etdonc terre de conquête, pour terminer avec la Russie et son controversénouveau rôle en Europe. Algarotti put en effet visiter la cours deSaint-Pétersbourg en 1739, à la suite d'une mission de représentants anglais: le vénitien recueillit ses impressions dans le Giornale del Viaggioda Londra a Petersbourg, un journal de voyage remanié vingts ansaprès dans les Viaggi di Russia, son livre le plus apprécié.