Suchergebnisse

In literature in English, and in the popular imagination in English-speaking countries generally, the Minoan period is a kind of golden age, an Atlantis or Garden of Eden before the Fall. And, in such a construction, the Fall comes with the Mycenaeans, who are represented as a tough, militaristic people who destroyed Troy for trade reasons. This chapter traces the emergence of the idealistic depiction of the Minoans in response to the circumstances before, during, and after World War II. While some recent authors have begun to challenge the image of happy and peaceful Minoans, it suggests that the Minoans and Mycenaeans are still locked into antithetical perceptions that hinder real understanding of the cultures.

In Inghilterra l'affermazione del romanzo ebbe luogo in concomitanza con delle profonde trasformazioni politiche, sociali ed economiche che interessarono fortemente anche l'universo teatrale. Se il dramma della Restaurazione e del periodo georgiano è stato tuttavia oggetto di studi puntuali, intenti a ricostruire i contesti del genere e a individuare le sue componenti ideologiche, sociali e persino sessuali, la relazione tra le scene settecentesche e il novel è tuttora considerata un campo di ricerca secondario, riservato a studi specialistici e settoriali. L'analisi incrociata di tre romanzi di Frances Burney (1752-1840) (Evelina, 1778, Cecilia, 1782 e The Wanderer, 1814) e della commedia giovanile The Witlings (c. 1779) ci permette di ricordare come il radicato pregiudizio antiteatrale abbia spinto molti autori inglesi del Settecento a una teatralizzazione indiretta delle proprie opere, attraverso una complessa transmodalizzazione dei drammi coevi che riscopre l'innegabile co-testualità, tipica dell'epoca, tra i nuovi testi romanzeschi e la più consolidata tradizione drammatica.

The study was aimed to analyze theoretical material on the issues of idiomatic expressions and their translation, as well as to define and assess the importance of the translation of idiomatic expressions, which students can encounter in technical literature, into Ukrainian. The transformation of image of English idioms is a very difficult task because of their semantic richness, imagery, brevity and the brightness. On the one hand, English idioms are widely used in oral speech, artistic and political literature. On the other hand, English idioms are used in technical literature, though not so often. The choice of one or another type of translation depends on the features of idiomatic expressions that students must recognize and be able to transform their meaning, brightness and clarity.

open ; XIX ciclo ; . ; Letterature Di Lingua Inglese ; English Literature, American Literature, Second World War, Language of Politics, Propaganda ; open ; Porcelli, Stefania ; Porcelli, Stefania

У статті обґрунтовано, що метою підготовки дитини в сучасний школі є формування творчої, всебічно розвинутої, духовно збагаченої особистості з науковим світоглядом, ґрунтовними професійними знаннями. Виходячи із цього, зміст сучасної професійної підготовки повинен бути спрямованим на формування вчителя, здатного працювати в системі, що характеризується взаємодією різних культур, відповідно до вимог сучасного соціуму, відродження особистості, відновлення загальнолюдських цінностей. Під педагогічним потенціалом ми визначаємо здатність певного елемента педагогічної системи ефективно досягати певної мети шляхом реалізації означених завдань. Педагогічний потенціал англомовної дитячої літератури полягає у здатності сприяти навчанню, розвитку та вихованню дитини. Гарно, кваліфіковано підібрана дитяча книжка завжди є сильним засобом розумового виховання й формування художньо-естетичних уподобань і смаків дитини. Дитяча література може бути використана в процесі морального, економічного, екологічного виховання. Дитяча англомовна література – це художня, науково-популярна, науково-фантастична, науково-художня література, створена спеціально для дітей, що включає найкращі класичні, фольклорні, поетичні та прозові твори, написані англійською мовою. Сучасна англомовна література для дітей – кращі зразки сучасної художньої, науково-популярної, науково-фантастичної, науково-художньої літератури, написані англійською мовою з урахуванням жанрового розмаїття англомовної літератури. Культура – поняття багаторівневе і складне, інтегрує в собі елементи менталітету, релігійних вірувань, побутових і політичних характеристик цього суспільства, його історії та її впливу на сьогодення. Вітчизняні педагоги відзначають, що вчителі мають бути готові залучати дітей до скарбів світового мистецтва через знайомство з культурою окремих цивілізацій чи країн. Педагоги сучасності наголошують на тому, що виховний потенціал окремих предметів шкільного курсу залишається поза увагою вчителів, зокрема мова йде про такий компонент іноземної мови, як соціокультурна компетенція. У статті визначено, що соціокультурна компетенція є обізнаністю учня з культурою та соціально-побутовим устроєм того народу, мова якого вивчається, що має привести до подальшого розуміння філософських та естетичних характеристик мови і стимулювати подальший інтерес до вивчення мови. ; In the article it is substantiated that the purpose of preparing a child in a modern school is to form a creative, comprehensively developed, spiritually enriched personality with a scientific outlook, thorough professional knowledge. On this basis, the content of modern vocational training should be aimed at the formation of a teacher able to work in a system characterized by the interaction of different cultures, in accordance with the requirements of modern society, the revival of personality, the restoration of human values. Under the pedagogical potential, we define the ability of a particular element of the pedagogical system to effectively achieve a certain goal by accomplishing these tasks. The pedagogical potential of English-language children's literature lies in the ability to promote the learning, development and upbringing of the child. A well-crafted, well-selected children's book is always a powerful tool for the mental education and formation of artistic and aesthetic preferences and tastes of the child. Children's literature can be used in the process of moral, economic, environmental education. Children's English Literature is a non-fiction, non-fiction, non-fiction, non-fiction book designed specifically for children, featuring the finest classical, folk, poetic and prose works written in English. Contemporary English-language literature for children - the best examples of contemporary fiction, non-fiction, science fiction, non-fiction, written in English, taking into account the genre diversity of English literature. Culture is a multilevel and complex concept that integrates elements of the mentality, religious beliefs, everyday and political characteristics of this society, its history and its impact on the present. Domestic educators point out that teachers should be prepared to involve children in the treasures of world art through familiarity with the culture of individual civilizations or countries. Teachers of the present emphasize that the educational potential of certain subjects of the school course is left out of the attention of teachers, in particular it is a component of foreign language as a sociocultural competence. The article determines that sociocultural competence is the student's awareness of the culture and social and everyday life of the people whose language is being taught, which should lead to a further understanding of the philosophical and aesthetic characteristics of the language and stimulate further interest in language learning.

In the article J. Barnes' novel «England, England» is considered through the prism of the Foucaultian concept of «heterotropia»; complicity and functioning ambiguity of this concept in the literary studies area is traced and taken under attention, how basic traits of Foucaultian concept work and uncover in the artistic world of Barnes' novel, where presented images of two islands, that function due to heterotopia spaces rules.During last decades post-nonclassical epoch has added to its significant arsenal of different «turns» also the turns «of space», which initiator was M. Foucault. Implanted into lectures, destined to architects, term «heterotopia», and emphasized on the changes, that occurred with the space nature, philosopher has not given any explanations about occurred changes, what gives possibility to wide treatment and usage in different spheres of humanitarian sciences.Literati are trying to use this term in their exploring service, pointing out that it requires to an appropriate coordination with existing art creation exploring technics in the literary studies. At the same time we cannot deny thought about literary text as always «another place», comparing to all other texts, performs as heterotopia with increased significance of internal relative-reflections and relative-interweaving of new connections and meanings, that is why precisely balanced literary studies of heterotopia is the evidence of not stereotyped and intelligibility of scientific thinking and reaction on certain artistic texts, in which space heterotopia nature is actualized (but not only geographical), which demands relevant analytic strategies.The attempt to read J. Barnes' novel «England, England» in terms of heterotopia idea is dictated by text self-intention, in which two heterotopias — Island, created by powers of Jack Pitmen's team as a copy of Great Britain, and island, on which Good Old England is situated, coexist; and inside these heterotopian spaces also exist nodes of other heterotopian relations: heterotopia of memory, history, main heroes' individual consciousness and so on.Overall island phenomenon is extremely valued by European culture and English literature especially, in respect which researchers have already started talking about existence inside it specific «island text». Islands, created by Barnes' demanding imagination and fabulations illustrate the best these thesis of French philosopher, that compose basic principles Foucaultian heterotopia spaces. First of all, these islands exist in co-reflections and co-images, as well as people exist there as in the beyond mirror, virtual reality (Foucault's principle of the «mirror»). This way of existence enables execution of utopias and island Wight becomes «realized utopia», this way it demonstrates the second important Foucaultian principle. Thirdly, heterotopias accompany with heterochronies, while on island Wight, as well in Old England, socio-cultural and aesthetic objects overflow and combine and they belong to absolutely different times and places. Also some other Foucaultian principles of heterotopia are exposed in Barnes' novel. Barnes' isles are opened to all visitors and at the same time closed, they are isolated either compelled from the whole world, like Old England, or their isolation is dictated by administration strategies, as island Wight, on which you can get only with the permission from the government. Actually, touristic Wight atmosphere, where travelers and holiday-makers are only having fun, also forms deviant behavior, not corresponding to the lifestyle of the world, especially of England, where work takes much more time than leisure.We should also take into account heterogeneous nature of person's internal world, that makes it more obvious in his heterotopian consciousness, in his internal life space, that reads as a route of personality to its self. Marta Cochrane's history is a bright example of heterotopias of isles, on which she was, cross over and interact with plural heterotopias of her consciousness, memory, memoirs, passions.Overall, the phenomenon of island as immanently heterotopian space, separated and opposed to the other world, where in unpredictable and ridiculous looks cross over and coexist different fragments and forms of people's existence and space configurations, contains potentials to deep studies of heterotopias, however the question, whether each island, depicted in the English literature is a complete heterotopia, can it still be decided only during the process of further scientific investigations, that seem to be important for the contemporary literary studies. ; В статье сквозь призму фуколтианского понятия «гетеротопия» рассматривается роман английского писателя Дж. Барнса «Англия, Англия»; учитывается сложность и неоднозначность использования этого концепта в современном литературоведении и прослеживается, как основные признаки фуколтианского концепта работают и раскрываются в художественном мире романа Дж. Барнса, в котором представлены образы двух островов, функционирующих по законам гетеротопных пространств. ; У статті крізь призму фуколтіанського поняття «гетеротопія» розглядається роман англійського письменника Дж. Барнса «Англія, Англія»; враховується складність і неоднозначність функціонування цього концепту в царині літературознавчої науки і простежується, як основні ознаки фуколтіанського концепту працюють та розкриваються в художньому світі роману Дж. Барнса, де представлені образи двох островів, що функціонують за законами гетеротопічних просторів.

In the article J. Barnes' novel «England, England» is considered through the prism of the Foucaultian concept of «heterotropia»; complicity and functioning ambiguity of this concept in the literary studies area is traced and taken under attention, how basic traits of Foucaultian concept work and uncover in the artistic world of Barnes' novel, where presented images of two islands, that function due to heterotopia spaces rules.During last decades post-nonclassical epoch has added to its significant arsenal of different «turns» also the turns «of space», which initiator was M. Foucault. Implanted into lectures, destined to architects, term «heterotopia», and emphasized on the changes, that occurred with the space nature, philosopher has not given any explanations about occurred changes, what gives possibility to wide treatment and usage in different spheres of humanitarian sciences.Literati are trying to use this term in their exploring service, pointing out that it requires to an appropriate coordination with existing art creation exploring technics in the literary studies. At the same time we cannot deny thought about literary text as always «another place», comparing to all other texts, performs as heterotopia with increased significance of internal relative-reflections and relative-interweaving of new connections and meanings, that is why precisely balanced literary studies of heterotopia is the evidence of not stereotyped and intelligibility of scientific thinking and reaction on certain artistic texts, in which space heterotopia nature is actualized (but not only geographical), which demands relevant analytic strategies.The attempt to read J. Barnes' novel «England, England» in terms of heterotopia idea is dictated by text self-intention, in which two heterotopias — Island, created by powers of Jack Pitmen's team as a copy of Great Britain, and island, on which Good Old England is situated, coexist; and inside these heterotopian spaces also exist nodes of other heterotopian relations: heterotopia of memory, history, main heroes' individual consciousness and so on.Overall island phenomenon is extremely valued by European culture and English literature especially, in respect which researchers have already started talking about existence inside it specific «island text». Islands, created by Barnes' demanding imagination and fabulations illustrate the best these thesis of French philosopher, that compose basic principles Foucaultian heterotopia spaces. First of all, these islands exist in co-reflections and co-images, as well as people exist there as in the beyond mirror, virtual reality (Foucault's principle of the «mirror»). This way of existence enables execution of utopias and island Wight becomes «realized utopia», this way it demonstrates the second important Foucaultian principle. Thirdly, heterotopias accompany with heterochronies, while on island Wight, as well in Old England, socio-cultural and aesthetic objects overflow and combine and they belong to absolutely different times and places. Also some other Foucaultian principles of heterotopia are exposed in Barnes' novel. Barnes' isles are opened to all visitors and at the same time closed, they are isolated either compelled from the whole world, like Old England, or their isolation is dictated by administration strategies, as island Wight, on which you can get only with the permission from the government. Actually, touristic Wight atmosphere, where travelers and holiday-makers are only having fun, also forms deviant behavior, not corresponding to the lifestyle of the world, especially of England, where work takes much more time than leisure.We should also take into account heterogeneous nature of person's internal world, that makes it more obvious in his heterotopian consciousness, in his internal life space, that reads as a route of personality to its self. Marta Cochrane's history is a bright example of heterotopias of isles, on which she was, cross over and interact with plural heterotopias of her consciousness, memory, memoirs, passions.Overall, the phenomenon of island as immanently heterotopian space, separated and opposed to the other world, where in unpredictable and ridiculous looks cross over and coexist different fragments and forms of people's existence and space configurations, contains potentials to deep studies of heterotopias, however the question, whether each island, depicted in the English literature is a complete heterotopia, can it still be decided only during the process of further scientific investigations, that seem to be important for the contemporary literary studies. ; В статье сквозь призму фуколтианского понятия «гетеротопия» рассматривается роман английского писателя Дж. Барнса «Англия, Англия»; учитывается сложность и неоднозначность использования этого концепта в современном литературоведении и прослеживается, как основные признаки фуколтианского концепта работают и раскрываются в художественном мире романа Дж. Барнса, в котором представлены образы двух островов, функционирующих по законам гетеротопных пространств. ; У статті крізь призму фуколтіанського поняття «гетеротопія» розглядається роман англійського письменника Дж. Барнса «Англія, Англія»; враховується складність і неоднозначність функціонування цього концепту в царині літературознавчої науки і простежується, як основні ознаки фуколтіанського концепту працюють та розкриваються в художньому світі роману Дж. Барнса, де представлені образи двох островів, що функціонують за законами гетеротопічних просторів.

My paradigms in this respect were Lady Anne Clifford and Alice Anne Thornton. They produced texts that have not even been mentioned or considered for centuries, but that have recently been partially rediscovered and appreciated by critics. My intent was to show how cultural factors and ideologies of the time influenced literary production, and to analyse the reasons that led these authors and their texts, first to oblivion, and later to recovery and canonization. When attempting to give a coherent answer to these questions, I kept in mind the background of Renaissance cultural memory and ideology, with particular regard to notions of femininity. Women writers are "mothers of the text", creators of new horizons, expert connoisseurs of the ideologies of their time, but also lonely, isolated, subjected women, ready to record their memories in voices that try to rise above a thousand other voices. ; The reasons that led women to overcome the injunction against cultural expression, including autobiography are one of the most relevant topics of my thesis. We know that many female characters were marginalized, if not made virtually invisible in many cultures and ideologies. That's why I tried to unveil the "counter" itinerary of women's writing from oblivion to canonization. ; English writers then began to deal with secular autobiography in the seventeenth century. Though excluded from the political scene and from public social life, Early-modern women writers seemed to be able to add something new and significant to the memorials and autobiographies of their own contemporary authors. When a woman wanted to be considered a member of a community whose experience was worthy of memory, she was confined by her own culture and family situation in the role of daughter, wife and mother, and she was seen almost exclusively as the subject of stories of religious experience, visions, trances, ecstasies. However, in the late seventeenth century, autobiography began to depart from an exclusively religious background and from the narrative account of the lives of men, and women began not only to record events related to male lives, but also to explore their identity and their own experiences in autobiographical form. Autobiography acquired the modern meaning of personal, introspective, secular writing, and, suddenly, the texts written by daughters, mothers and wives began to be recognized as real contributions to a genre in constant evolution. ; This doctoral thesis deals with the problem of canonisation and/or exclusion of women's writings from the literary canon of the English Renaissance. More broadly, it deals with issues of memory and cultural transmission. The first part of the thesis focuses on memory in different disciplines and on studies of memory in the contemporary critical arena. I tried to give an overview of the most recent progress in this field of study. The following chapters deal with issues of oblivion and recognition (up to the canonisation) of English women's writers in the Renaissance.

Анотація. Традиційно стратегії практичного оцінювання, розроблені для студентів або фахівців, значною мірою зосереджені на суворому аналізі знань і навичок, що базуються на папері, в межах компетенцій фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))». Метою цієї статті є аналіз побудованої системи оцінки студентів та фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))», а не «підбір засобів», тобто різнорідного збору інструментів оцінки, атестації. Завданням дослідження є проаналізувати компетенції фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))» запропоновані урядовими органами України та оцінку практичного впровадження компетентностей у їх підготовку. Запропоновано використання системи методів дослідження: теоретичних методів: аналізу та узагальнення, порівняння, систематизації та класифікації положень філософських, соціологічних, психологічних та педагогічних наукових джерел літератури з метою з'ясування теоретичних основ та розвитку досліджуваної проблеми. На сьогодні, існує багато перешкод на шляху впровадження системи оцінки компетентностей фахівців спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Мова та література(англійська)) . При введенні нових або більш формалізованих і структурованих підходів до оцінювання компетентностей, є ряд потенційних перепон, які треба опрацювати розробникам програм підготовки фахівців. ; Abstract. Traditionally, practical assessment strategies designed for students or specialists are largely focused on a rigorous analysis of paper based knowledge and skills within the competencies of specialist of speciality 014 «Secondary education (Language and Literature (English)»). The purpose of this article is to analyze the system of assessment of students and specialists of specialty 014 «Secondary education (Language and literature (English)»), rather than «selection of tools», that is - a diverse collection of evaluation tools, attestations. The purpose of the research is to analyze the competences of specialists of the specialty 014 «Secondary education (Language and literature (English)») proposed by the government bodies of Ukraine and assessment of practical implementation of competencies in their preparation. The use of a system of research methods is proposed: theoretical methods: analysis and generalization, comparison, systematization and classification of the positions of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific sources of literature in order to clarify the theoretical foundations and development of the problem under investigation. To date, there are many obstacles to introducing a system for assessing the competencies of specialists of the speciality 014 Secondary Education (Language and Literature (English)). When introducing new or more formalized and structured approaches to assessing competencies, there are a number of potential obstacles that need to be addressed to developers of educational training programs. These include: сompetitive priorities of ensuring the educational process during the course of practice and the general lack of time for practical training and observation. The next obstacle can be called: assessment of the level of competences acquired may be overshadowed by high expectations in the certification of higher education.

Анотація. Традиційно стратегії практичного оцінювання, розроблені для студентів або фахівців, значною мірою зосереджені на суворому аналізі знань і навичок, що базуються на папері, в межах компетенцій фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))». Метою цієї статті є аналіз побудованої системи оцінки студентів та фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))», а не «підбір засобів», тобто різнорідного збору інструментів оцінки, атестації. Завданням дослідження є проаналізувати компетенції фахівців спеціальності 014 «Cередня освіта (Мова та література (англійська))» запропоновані урядовими органами України та оцінку практичного впровадження компетентностей у їх підготовку. Запропоновано використання системи методів дослідження: теоретичних методів: аналізу та узагальнення, порівняння, систематизації та класифікації положень філософських, соціологічних, психологічних та педагогічних наукових джерел літератури з метою з'ясування теоретичних основ та розвитку досліджуваної проблеми. На сьогодні, існує багато перешкод на шляху впровадження системи оцінки компетентностей фахівців спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Мова та література(англійська)) . При введенні нових або більш формалізованих і структурованих підходів до оцінювання компетентностей, є ряд потенційних перепон, які треба опрацювати розробникам програм підготовки фахівців. ; Abstract. Traditionally, practical assessment strategies designed for students or specialists are largely focused on a rigorous analysis of paper based knowledge and skills within the competencies of specialist of speciality 014 «Secondary education (Language and Literature (English)»). The purpose of this article is to analyze the system of assessment of students and specialists of specialty 014 «Secondary education (Language and literature (English)»), rather than «selection of tools», that is - a diverse collection of evaluation tools, attestations. The purpose of the research is to analyze the competences of specialists of the specialty 014 «Secondary education (Language and literature (English)») proposed by the government bodies of Ukraine and assessment of practical implementation of competencies in their preparation. The use of a system of research methods is proposed: theoretical methods: analysis and generalization, comparison, systematization and classification of the positions of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical scientific sources of literature in order to clarify the theoretical foundations and development of the problem under investigation. To date, there are many obstacles to introducing a system for assessing the competencies of specialists of the speciality 014 Secondary Education (Language and Literature (English)). When introducing new or more formalized and structured approaches to assessing competencies, there are a number of potential obstacles that need to be addressed to developers of educational training programs. These include: сompetitive priorities of ensuring the educational process during the course of practice and the general lack of time for practical training and observation. The next obstacle can be called: assessment of the level of competences acquired may be overshadowed by high expectations in the certification of higher education.

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare la rappresentazione letteraria dei movimenti politici e delle sottoculture musicali in Italia e in Inghilterra. Mediante l'utilizzo degli strumenti concettuali elaborati dagli Studi culturali britannici e dalla Critical Theory, l'attenzione in questo lavoro è rivolta a quei romanzi la cui struttura cronologica articola al suo interno differenti temporalità, quella degli anni Settanta e quella del presente: da una parte questa strategia di lettura permette di investigare l'influsso del conflitto politico contemporaneo sulla formazione del sapere storico riguardante quel decennio e dall'altra essa consente di osservare la capacità delle sollevazioni passate di alimentare nel presente il mito della rivolta. Evidenziando il ruolo cruciale della narrazione in prima persona presente nei romanzi di Coe, Tassinari e King, in questa tesi si sottolinea la capacità della letteratura di finzione di dare voce alle soggettività subalterne: attraverso un paragone tra la figura del militante degli anni Settanta italiani e i coevi punk, skinhead e soulie inglesi, si ipotizza che la protesta politica e la rivolta sottoculturale siano stati due modi differenti di reagire alla crisi economica e sociale comune ai due paesi negli anni Settanta. Grazie ad esempi rintracciabili nelle rappresentazioni letterarie delle rivolte e delle rivoluzioni del passato o del Sud del mondo, nelle conclusioni di questo lavoro si riconosce alla letteratura la capacità di veicolare di generazione in generazione il mito della rivolta. ; This thesis aims at analysing the literary representation of political movements and subcultures in Italian and English contemporary literature. Using the hermeneutic tools elaborated by British Cultural Studies and Critical Theory, this work focuses on the novels which articulate in their chronological structure different temporalities, as the Seventies and the present: on the one hand this reading strategy allows to investigate the influence of the latter on the formation of historical knowledge and on the other hand it shows the effects of the myth of the former on the present. Underlining the crucial role of first-person narrative in Coe, King, and Tassinari's novels, this work highlights the capacity of fiction of giving voice to subaltern subjectivities: comparing the figures of the Italian militant of the Seventies to punks, skinheads and soulies of the Seventies in England, this thesis also suggests that political protest and subcultural revolt are two different ways of reacting to the economic and social crisis of the Seventies. Providing examples from literary representations of past revolutions and revolts, the conclusions of this work defines literature as an extremely useful instrument to convey in our day the spirit of revolt.

This is a completely new translation of Machiavelli's "The Prince" in a modern English that seeks to give the straightforward immediacy of the original; it comes complete with a long introduction describing the genesis of the original, its history in English editions and its influence on English literature. In particular it considers Machiavelli's interest in the psychology of leadership and the meshing of different personalities with different historical circumstances. There is also an extended analysis of translation problems related to the text with particular attention to those problems that arise from the text's extraordinary reputation. Various translations are analysed, showing how translators have been influenced by expectations of what Machiavelli said, sometimes ignoring what is actually written.