"This volume critically engages with recent formulations and debates regarding the status of regional languages of the Indian subcontinent vis-à-vis English. It explores how language ideologies of the "vernacular" are positioned in relation to language ideologies of English in South Asia. The book probes into how we might move beyond the English-vernacular binary in India, explores what happened to "bhasha literatures" during the colonial and post-colonial periods, and how to position those literatures by the side of Indian English and international literature. The looks into the ways vernacular community and political rhetoric are intertwined with Anglophone (national or global) positionalities, and their role in political processes. This book will be of interest to researchers, students and scholars of literary and cultural studies, Indian Writing in English, Indian literatures, South Asian languages, and popular culture. It will also be extremely valuable for language scholars, sociolinguists, social historians and the scholars of cultural studies and those who understand the theoretical issues that concern the notion of 'vernacularity'."
(First paragraph) War InspIred Horror In Virginia Woolf. Her antipathy toward those who cause wars is evident in her two essays, A Room of One's Own and Three Guineas. The impact of war on her fiction expands from a portrayal of individuals as victims of war to a vision of war that encompasses the possible annihilation of civilization. Between the Acts, Woolf's final novel, is obviously an artistic response to the threat posed by World War II. However, a close examination of her works reveals, to a surprising degree, her early and persistent preoccupation with the consequences of war, a preoccupation that merely culminates in her final novel. To read Virginia Woolf s fiction intelligently, the reader must recognize fully the extent to which war shaped her vision and the reasons why it had such an impact. Her sensitivity to war is deeply rooted in her own experiences with death, her direct contact with patriarchal attitudes in the home, and her view of culture, particularly art, as the only immortality possible for human beings.
"In Food and Feast in Premodern Outlaw Tales editors Melissa Ridley Elmes and Kristin Bovaird-Abbo gather eleven original studies examining scenes of food and feasting in premodern outlaw texts ranging from the tenth through the seventeenth centuries and forward to their cinematic adaptations. Along with fresh insights into the popular Robin Hood legend, these essays investigate the intersections of outlawry, food studies, and feasting in Old English, Middle English, and French outlaw narratives, Anglo-Scottish border ballads, early modern ballads and dramatic works, and cinematic medievalism. The range of critical and disciplinary approaches employed, including history, literary studies, cultural studies, food studies, gender studies, and film studies, highlights the inherently interdisciplinary nature of outlaw narratives. The overall volume offers an example of the ways in which examining a subject through interdisciplinary, cross-geographic and cross-temporal lenses can yield fresh insights; places canonic and well-known works in conversation with lesser-known texts to showcase the dynamic nature and cultural influence and impact of premodern outlaw tales; and presents an introductory foray into the intersection of literary and food studies in premodern contexts which will be of value and interest to specialists and a general audience, alike"--
This thesis explores cross-cultural encounters between China and three British left-wing writers – Harold Laski, W. H. Auden and Joseph Needham. The motivations underlying this study are the diversity and intensiveness of the British left's engagements with China's search for modernization in the twentieth century. Laski, Auden and Needham were all prominent British left-wing intellectuals, and each exerted a remarkable influence on the Chinese pursuit of modern democracy, literature, and science, the three important pillars of China's modernization since the May Fourth period. Grouping them together, the thesis makes a contribution to the study of the international impacts of the British left in general and the study of Sino-British cultural exchanges in particular. The conventional view emphasizes Western influences on China in modern times as unilateral knowledge transplantation from the advanced West to the backward East, thus the important role of the Chinese intelligentsia as cultural agency is often marginalized. This thesis, by contrast, interprets the British left's encounters with China as a process of interactive, dynamic, even dialectical transformation, from which both sides derived intellectual benefits. It not only demonstrates the initiative taken by the Chinese intellectuals in translating, interpreting, and applying Western knowledge to address their own particular problems, but also attempts to show the inspirations the British left-wing writers took from China in their own humanitarian struggle for a more liberal, equitable and peaceful world. The thesis is organized in chronological order with the earliest encounter discussed first. Chapter One examines Laski's impact on Chinese liberals' imagination and construction of an equitable and democratic China. It shows that the Chinese applications of Laski's political theory to their local concerns were highly selective, and it was difficult for Chinese liberals to fully embrace Laski's thought because of the inner conflict between the liberal and Marxist aspects of Laski. Chapter Two discusses Auden and Isherwood's co-authored book Journey to a War (1939) in the critical tradition of travel writing. It argues that their ironic self-consciousness of the travel book genre itself makes the book unique in Western representations of China, but exposes them to the critical charge of immature frivolity. It also shows that Auden worked towards a symbolic solution for the conflicting demands of the public and private worlds by interpreting the China war into a global human history in his sonnets. Chapter Three focuses on the reception of Auden's poetry in China. Exposing the limitations of the prevailing formalist-aesthetic approach, it unearths Zhu Weiji's Marxist interpretation of Auden and proposes an ideological criticism to re-examine Auden's influences on Chinese modernist poets. Chapter Four explores Needham's conversion to Chinese culture and his influences on China's understanding of its own science. By tracing various Chinese responses to the Needham Question, it argues that although Needham's research boosted the confidence of Chinese in their scientific tradition, the Chinese hunger for modern science is closely associated with nationalism, which is contradictory to the socialist universalism that behind Needham's intellectual project. ; published_or_final_version ; English ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy
"The Collective Imaginary of Romglish in Cyberspace and Face-to-face Interactions. The activity of Romanian users in digital spaces oftentimes exhibits a dynamic code containing Romglish (the combination of Romanian and English features), which also reverberates in offline discourses and has an ongoing boomerang effect between offline and online interactions. By means of a survey, this paper investigates the Romanian collective imaginary which is set in the linguistic data. As the Romanian language constitutes a matrix in which English and Globish (a simplified pragmatic form of English) are embedded and they become part of a new dynamic code, destined to be changed at all levels (lexical, morphological, and syntactical), Romanian native speakers' perception of Romglish is an important dimension. As such, this paper will analyse how individuals perceive their personal use of Romglish online and in face-to-face interactions: the use of the code created, the preferences and mechanisms of linguistic choices and linguistic creativity, the frequency of code-switching and code-mixing both in formal and informal contexts, and the degree of universality of the code used. The findings will provide insight not only specific to the aspects of the Romglish, but also related to the cognitive processes involved and the reasons which trigger such processes. Keywords: collective imaginary, Romglish, Globish, cognitive processes, online and offline interactions "
Hrotsvit, a canoness in the German convent Gandersheim, wrote Latin poems, stories, plays, and histories during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great (962-973). She expresses a strong sense of authorial mission in letters, prefaces, and dedications. These personal writings, as well as her full literary corpus, are studied in twelve original essays by scholars from Europe and North America, who bring several perspectives to bear. Her historical roots are shown, both in her use of Christian literary tradition (e.g., the legend) and in her understanding of political forces shaping her time. Her strong spirituality emerges from vivid portraits not only of martyrs but also of men and women who question and doubt the Lord, while her openness to problems of sexuality, and of the need for women to realize their individuality and particular gifts, is surprisingly modern. Contributors include: Walter Berscin, Katrinette Bodarwé, Jay Lees, Gary Macy, Linda McMillin, Florence Newman, and Lisa Weston ; https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/faculty_books/1163/thumbnail.jpg
For an author who likes to cross borders Guillermo Gómez-Peña (1955) has certainly reached audiences in both the U.S. and Mexican artistic, literary, theoretical, and political arenas. Now, with the advent of more technological mediums such as the Internet, the borderless artist makes use of the global fetish that, in theory, reaches a global community. As a prelude to his performances, workshops, conferences and lectures, Gómez-Peña's collaborative webiste engages his readers in video-poetic selections, and hypertext poetic medley with topics that are sure to catch their interest with poems such as "Apocalypse," "Sexo," "Militias," and the video-poems "Apocalypse" and "Califas." His "ethno-techno art," as he calls it, does more than disrupt traditional theoretical dialogue using the same jargon and disengaging it from its original context, it satirizes the disciplines that try to give explanations. His online video-art and poetry performances are composed of fragmented thoughts, and a myriad of politically, symbolically and theoretically-charged words that give resonance to a vital verse. The poet is lost and found in the Diaspora of the world as experienced on the Web, in Webspora. We hear the itinerant poet, the artist who's borderless and whose very conscious transgressions make the poet in Diaspora unyielding and not accommodating to any discourse, not from here or there.
"Theorizing the Borders: Scotland and the Shaping of Identity in Medieval Britain explores the roles that Scotland and England play in one another's imaginations. This collection of essays brings together eminent scholars and emerging voices from the frequently divergent fields of English and Scottish medieval studies to address such questions as: How do subjects on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border define themselves in relation to one another? In what ways do they influence each other's sense of historical, cultural, and national identity? What stories do they tell about one another, and to what ends? How does the shifting political balance--as well as the shifting border--between the two kingdoms complicate notions of Scottishness and Englishness? What happens to important texts, genres, and even poetic forms when they cross this border? How do texts produced in the Anglo-Scottish borderlands transform mainstream notions of Scottish and English identities?"--
Caterina Giannitto,1 Giuseppe Mercante,2,3 Giuseppe Spriano,2,3 Rossella Natoli,4 Francesca Gaino,2 Ludovica Lofino,1 Andrea Alessandro Esposito,5 Nino Giannitto,6 Giulia Vatteroni,1 Barbara Fiamengo,7 Antonello Vidiri,8 Letterio Salvatore Politi,1,3,* Luca Balzarini1,* 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; 2Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Humanitas University, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; 4University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Foundation I.R.C.C.S Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy; 6Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; 7Pathology Unit, Humanitas University, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy; 8Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Department, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Caterina GiannittoDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via A. Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, ItalyTel +39282247529Email caterina.giannitto@humanitas.itAndrea Alessandro EspositoDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology Foundation I.R.C.C.S Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20121, ItalyTel +393475476654Email andrea.esposito@policlinico.mi.itBackground: Masson's tumor (MT) is a rare benign vascular disease. In literature, detailed description of its radiological findings is not available and functional imaging such as diffusion weighted (DW)-MRI has never been described. We aim to summarize the CT and MRI findings in our representative case and to conduct a systematic review of the literature.Case Presentation: We reported a 54-year-old ex-smoker male patient who presented with a nodular mass to the left cheek. He denied any previous trauma. CT examination performed on initial presentation revealed a well circumscribed solid oval mass with soft tissue density, a calcified focus and no significative contrast enhancement after contrast administration. MRI showed a well circumscribed solid oval mass, with intermediate T2 signal intensity with areas of high T2 signal intensity and the presence of peripheral high-flow serpentine vessels, low T1 signal intensity. The mass showed a non-enhancing area with enhancing vessels after intravenous contrast administration. We surveyed CT and MRI findings of head and neck MT of English and French language papers, published from 1981 to 2019, together with our representative case. We included articles with a description of CT and/or MRI findings of head and neck MT.Conclusion: We have experienced one case and have evaluated imaging findings through systematic review. Only 36 articles were eligible. CT and MRI findings were reported in 27 and 23 articles, respectively. To date, no diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)-MRI findings have been described. The most frequent findings in CT were a well-defined mass with high or soft tissue density. The most frequent MRI findings were a non-homogeneous signal intensity in T1 and T2 weighted sequences, with foci of hyperintensity, multiple septations or flow voids. After contrast administration, the enhancement could be homogeneous, non-homogeneous, nodular or peripheral. In our case, we found a non-homogeneous hyperintensity in DWI-MRI with an area of restricted diffusion and low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was observed (0.963 × 10− 3 mm2/s +-0.12 SD). The imaging characteristics cannot provide a pre-operative identikit of MT and surgical removal is necessary to accurately differentiate it from malignant angiosarcoma but radiological evaluation is useful in surgical planning.Keywords: Masson's tumor, case report, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion weighted imaging
The funeral service is an ancient custom that is deeply cultural, and Shakespeare uses it prominently in Hamlet. The play's ending with Fortinbras commanding a military-like tribute for Hamlet is somewhat surprising because Hamlet was never a soldier, and he has breached the etiquette of funeral rites in the cases of Polonius, by withholding the remains immediately after the death, and Ophelia by making a spectacle with Laertes in her grave. Additionally, he has arranged for the execution before the observance of confessional rites in the case of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet's dead march is an example of how a funeral ceremony can determine a lasting legacy. It follows the formula of other Renaissance tragedies including many of Shakespeare's own; a funeral service in a tragedy is a form of tribute. The capacity of the funeral service to be a political event as well as a heraldic event is exemplified in the ostentatious funeral of Sir Phillip Sydney which helped enhance his legacy as an English historical figure. Fortinbras similarly enhances Hamlet's legacy by recognizing him not as a soldier but as a king, not what he has been, but what he was meant to be. Hamlet's embarrassing behavior in Ophelia's grave transforms him, and it is not held against him. His body will be revered in the tradition of European kings, embalmed and interred, much differently than the treatment given to the bodies of Polonius and Ophelia. Through Fortinbras' order, Hamlet becomes a king for a moment at the end of the play making him a king in our minds for the rest of time. The funeral is the vehicle through which Hamlet, the Prince is acknowledged as Hamlet the King.
MacDiarmid in Montrose / Robert Crawford -- Bunting and Welsh / Richard Caddel -- Antithesis of place in the poetry and life of David Jones / Thomas Dilworth -- 'Shut, too, in a tower of words': Dylan Thomas' modernism / John Goodby and Cristopher Wigginton -- 'Literally, for this': metonymies of national identity in Edward Thomas, Yeats and Auden / Stan Smith -- Reactions from their burg: Irish modernist poets of the 1930s / Alex Davis -- Pound's places / Peter Nicholls -- Wallace Stevens and America / Lee M. Jenkins -- Locating the lyric: Marianne Moore, Elizabeth Bishop and the Second World War / Fiona Green -- 'In the published city': the New York school of poets / Geoff Ward -- Modernism deferred: Langston Hughes, Harlem and jazz montage / Peter Brooker
