Suchergebnisse

The major divisions of English society by SC & geographical regions are outlined. Historical evidence suggests that the typical character of the Mc's has been modified relatively little in the last 2 cent's, but that the typical character of the Ur Wc's has had 2 major modifications: in the middle of the 19th cent when the invention of the nationwide, unarmed, self-controlled police forces presented a new model for the ideal character; & again since 1945 when, for the first time in recent history, nearly all We children have been adequately nourished. The typical handling of 3 basic drives-aggression, sex, hunger-is examined & the implications for nat'l character explored; & some suggestions are made of the way the changed character of the new generation of the English Wc's may modify the nat'l character when this new generation becomes statistically & electorally dominant. HA.

An examination of the relationship between the changes in numbers, & areas of origin of colored immigrants to GB, & their appearance in fiction. The actual coverage is novels, plays & films about colored people living in GB, & is restricted to those published since 1945. In this period there has developed a sizeable colored minority group. It is shown that several of the important soc questions affecting the group have been ventilated in fiction. It suggests that fiction can usefully supplement more formal soc analyses. AA.

POSTWAR EUROPE HAS PRODUCED A PHENOMENON OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO SCHOLARS & SCIENTISTS: THE USE OF ENGLISH AS THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION. IN THE NETHERLANDS, SCANDINAVIA, & GERMANY, SCHOLARLY BOOKS & JOURNALS ARE PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH. HUGE PUBLISHING CONGLOMERATES HAVE PROLIFERATED, ALL BASED ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. THIS MEDIUM FOR PRESENTING KNOWLEDGE & IDEAS TO A WORLD MARKET HAS BEEN AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN OUR GENERATION. 2 OTHER MODERN ELEMENTS--THE COMPUTER & THE PHOTOCOPYING MACHINE--HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THIS GROWTH. BOTH THREATEN TO DESTROY THE COPYRIGHT--THE ESSENTIAL BASIS FOR SUCCESSFUL PUBLISHING--& ARE FORCING TRADITIONAL SCHOLARLY MEDIA--MONOGRAPHS, PROCEEDINGS PUBLICATIONS, & SPECIALIZED JOURNALS--OUT OF BUSINESS. CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN THE TO THE POSSIBLE END RESULT THAT THE COMPUTER & PHOTOCOPIER MAY STIFLE THE TRADITIONAL FORMS OF COMMUNICATION UPON WHICH THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY DEPENDS. EUROPE IS THE 1ST ARENA IN WHICH ACCOMMODATION WILL BE REACHED IF THE RESULTS OF SCHOLARSHIP ARE TO BE UNIMPEDED. 2 TABLES, 1 FIGURE. MODIFIED HA.

English conservatism, unlike liberalism or socialism, can be interpreted as the ideology of dominant social & political groups seeking to maintain their power. This involves affirmation of class rule, of the ruling classes as guardians of the national interest, & of the deficient political judgment of other classes. Conservatism's grounding in the world of material interests & group tensions has led to its shifting concern from defense of feudal values to defenses of market or technocratic values. Socialism's avowed intent to unmask illusions clearly differentiates it from conservatism; similarly, liberalism in its origins focused on individual interests rather than on the community to which conservatism was devoted. Liberal success, however, led to a rapprochement with conservatism. Conservatism is likely, if the British economy continues to stagnate, to move increasingly toward stressing instrumental values. W. H. Stoddard.

An analysis is made of English reactions to (1) present Commonwealth immigration, (2) Jewish immigration at the turn of the cent. In spite of diff's in historical background, close similarities are discovered, which are governed by the sociol'ly unique position shared by colored person & Jew; by the fact that each is, or is felt to be, the object of an hostility qualitatively & quantitatively diff from that experienced by 'foreigners.' In both cases, physically distinguishable groups of immigrants intensify their strangeness by crowding together into areas of Ur decay, for whose problems they become the scapegoat. This results in host images of invasion, fears of displacement, disease & mongrelization, & in memories of a mythical golden age. However, the expression of this hostility is muffled rather than increased by a consciousness of the immigrant's racial background. The fear of seeming to be associated with racial prejudice produces a pol'al reaction that is ambiguous, both in word & action, at every level (the inhabitants & agitators of the immigrant quarters, trade unions, Parliament, & gov). The role of the agitator is thus to legitimize hostility-to convince those for whom, & those to whom, it speaks that grievances against the immigrant are not to be subsumed under the disreputable category of prejudice. AA.

The making of the United Kingdom was not inevitable, nor was the post-Union structure of government unitary, except in a restricted sense. To this extent major agreed themes of existing languages of analysis can be regarded as defective. They are defective because they fail to pay sufficient attention to England & particularly to the English 'official mind' on the desired structure of territorial politics. The United Kingdom can be loosely seen as a product of domestic imperialism, but the English were very reluctant imperialists-at least in their desire for formal Empire. The process is probably best viewed as an attempted reconstruction of as much of the informal empire as could be salvaged. Emphasized are the importance of a historical dimension to contemporary debates & the peculiarities of English attitudes regarding territorial politics. Author Conclusion.

The aim of the study was to measure & compare the att's of English & West Indian adolescents towards certain conceputal objects of presumed importance in their soc & personal development. The main areas of interest were in alt towards home, Sch & community, & their inter-relationships. 400 English & West Indian boys & girls, 100 in each group, aged 14-15 yrs, drawn from 6 secondary modern Sch's in the West Midlands, judged each of 13 concepts (eg, myself, father, a neighbor I would like to have) on scales taken from C. E. Osgood's 3 dimensions. Reading ability & SC of the S's were controlled. Preliminary analysis confirmed the factorial composition of the scales. For each subject one evaluative score was obtained on every concept & the scores were interp'ed & factor analyzed for each group separately. 5 principal components were extracted in each case & the axes rotated successively to Varimax & Promax criteria. For each group 2 2nd-order factors were obtained from the r'al between Promax factors. mean/average score diff's among groups were also considered. To summarize the main findings; the girls, particularly West Indian, generally expressed more favorable att's than boys. The West Indian boys & girls had similar att's to all conceptual objects unlike their English counterparts. Although both groups of girls were primarily concerned with establishing good future relationships as opposed to the boys who were more ambitious for themselves, it was the West Indians, as a group, who identified themselves more strongly with the former att's. The West Indian's self-assessment, particularly that of the girls, was higher than that of the English groups. The West Indians also had less regard for parents & home, but a more favorable attitude towards educ than the English adolescents. All groups were aware of skin color & although they generally expressed in-group prefences, there was some evidence to show that the West Indians were rejecting their color. Perhaps the most signif finding was the indication of interracial tolerance in that both groups accepted the other's color. AA.

A report on an exp'al testing of the intelligence of English & West Indian immigrant Schchildren to obtain comparative results. The testing was done in an unnamed English city; the aim was to investigate possible diff's between the scores. The Terman & Merril form L-M test, as developed in the US, was used to test 77 pairs of matched English & West Indian children in their 1st yr at Sch. The children were matched for the following: age; Sch experience; sex; nursery experience; Sch's; class; date of birth; & % of immigrant children at the Sch. The following factors were considered with regard to the selection of West Indian children: length of residence in the UK; parents' country of origin; speech difficulties; color; subnormality; language. 2 histograms present the distribution of test scores among the 2 groups of children. The mean/average of the English children was 92.00, of the West Indian children 90.09. The investigation confirmed the close similarity between the scores obtained by Mary Ellen Goodman (RACE AWARENESS IN YOUNG CHILDREN, SA 1938/C0685). The scores of both groups are depressed which can best be explained in terms of deprivation. I. Langnas.