Suchergebnisse

Feminism is about women having political economic and social rights equal to those of men, if we deny them to women; we have denied the rights of half the people in all over the world. In the archaic society women often enjoyed vantage to their society of so- called civilized society they existed as more independent entities in their own established customs and attitudes because the economic structure of their society was simpler. But with the advancement of the civilization simplicity got destroyed and a complicated form took birth and the frame work of society underwent a rapid transformation and the position of women kept changing along with it. Woman got thus reduced to the status of a reproductive machine and while man's sphere kept amplifying, her space kept abbreviating. In short she became the private property of man and he applied all the methods such as social, religious, ethical commands to establish is dominance over woman. This paper, thus, attempts to look at various issues and aspects concerning woman subjugation and woman emancipation widely dealt in English fiction.

Although there have been a number of critical works on the novel given over to topics such as adventure, colonization or the politics of the frontier, a comparative study of novels in which an encounter with unknown territory holds central importance has till now been lacking. My aim in this thesis is to analyse and relate a variety of texts which show representatives of a home culture in confrontation with terra incognita or unfamiliar peoples. There is, as it turns out, a strong family resemblance between the novels that fall into this category whether they belong, like Robinson Crusoe, Coral Island or Lord of the Flies, to the "desert island" tradition where castaways have exploration thrust upon them or present, as in the case of Moby Dick, The Lost World or Voss, ventures deliberately undertaken. There are frequent indications, too, that many of the novelists in question are aware of working within a particular, subsidiary genre. This means, in sum, even when it comes to texts as culturally remote as, say, Captain Singleton and Heart of Darkness that there is firm ground for comparison. The emphasis of this study is, in consequence, historical as well as critical. In order to show that many conventions which are recurrent in the fiction inhere in the actual business of coming to grips with the unknown, I begin with a theoretical introduction illustrated chiefly from the writings of explorers. Travelogues reveal how large a part projection plays in every rendering of unvisited places. So much is imported that one might hypothesize, for the sake of a model, a single locality returning a stream of widely divergent images over the lapse of years. In effect it is possible to demonstrate a shift of cultural assumptions by juxtaposing, for example, a passage that tricks out a primeval forest in all the iconography of Eden with one written three centuries later in which - from essentially the same scene - the author paints a picture of Malthusian struggle and survival of the fittest. And since the explorer is not only inclined to embody his image of the natural man in the people he meets beyond the frontiers of his own culture, but is likely also to read his own emancipation from the constraints of polity in terms of a return to an underlying nature, the concern with genesis is one that recurs with particular persistence in texts dealing with exploration. With varying degrees of awareness novelists have responded, ever since Defoe, to the idea that the encounter with the unfamiliar mirrors the identity of the explorer. Their presentations of terra incognita register the crucial phases of social history - the institution of mercantilism, the rise and fall of empire - but generally in relation to psychological and metaphysical questions of a perennial kind. The nature of man is a theme that proves, indeed, remarkably tenacious in these works, for a reason Lawrence notes in Kangaroo: "There is always something outside our universe. And it is always at the doors of the innermost, sentient soul".

This article on feminine tradition and linguistic approaches to gender in literaturedemonstrates the utility for students of gender in society at large to investigate the uses to whichgender may be put in the carefully planned discourse of fiction. It reveals not what native speakersnaturally do, but what they are able to understand and the inventions and models that influencetheir understanding

English fiction pertaining to the British rule in India marked Indian Muslims intovisibility through the portrayal of their stable stereotypical identity, and since itspublication, A Passage to India has gained the status of authentic imagining of Muslims asconservative religious 'Other' of the West. As such, they are analyzing this text as an instance ofcolonial fixity necessitates the identification and consideration of those discursive strategies used bythe text for the projection of abrasive Muslim images. The focus of this paper is to critically approachA Passage to India through the application of Fairclough's threedimensional model so as to validate the claim of stereotypicalrepresentation of Muslims in India during colonial rule. Largely amatter of despotic manipulation within the text, the narrator doteson the anecdotal treatment of Muslim characters with a purpose tojustify. By adhering to colonial discursive binarism, this noveldepicts colonized Muslims as dehumanized and caricatured othersin essentialist terms by shelving their political, historical andcontextual identification.

After the publication of Salman Rushdie's second novel Midnight's Children (1980), there is an emergence of New Fiction marking the beginning of New Era in the history of Indian Writing in English. A large number of novelists living in India and abroad write fiction in great number and thereby breaking the stigma of the marginalization of Indian English Fiction. They introduce various components of modern theories regarding the composition of the fiction. They also prove their superiority over their western counterparts by achieving remarkable recognition on international platforms and by winning various coveted awards like Booker Prize, Pulitzer Prize and even Nobel Prize by V S Naipaul. These Indian English writers include Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth, Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri, Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, Pankaj Mishra, Chetan Bhagat, Rohintan Mistry, Arvind Adiga, Shashi Tharoor and many more. The New novelists of the 21st century handle the themes of globalization, Political reality and cross-culturalism more effectively and brilliantly. In the present paper the focus will be on the assessment of emergence of New Fiction with its various traitsand contribution of Salman Rushdie in Indian English Fiction in the development of New Novel.

Mahatma Gandhi is a predominant character in Indo-Anglian fiction devoted to politics and struggle for independence. The Gandhian ideology was a potent force behind India"s national upsurge. So no Indian English novelist writing during this period could avoid the impact of Gandhian ideology. In fact Gandhi became a recurring presence in the novels of the period. Indian English literature really took a new direction under his impact in matters of subject matter and style. Under the influence of Mahatma the Indian writers turned from romanticism to realism. The "Big Three" of the Indian English novel---MulkRaj Anand, R.K.Narayan and Raja Rao --- besides other novelists turned to social realities of their time and carved man"s image in their art. Now, Gandhi has been presented in the novels of the The "Big Three" of the Indian English novel sometimes as a character talking with other characters and sometimes through his ideology. So Gandhi as a major figure in these novels undoubtedly merits a special discussion. So no discussion of Indian English of the novel of the period would be complete without an assessment of the all pervasive influence of Mahatma.