Suchergebnisse

This study analyzed the environmental and health aspects related to babaçu coconut breakers belonging to the Regional Association of Rural Female Workers, Tocantins State (Portuguese acronym "ASMUBIP – TO"). The breaking of the babaçu coconut is a painful activity, often performed by women of low income, living in rural areas and using rudimentary techniques and equipment. The activity can cause injuries to the hands or other parts of body. In addition, it can cause organic changes due to awkward postures and repetitive movements. The study was both qualitative and quantitative. Data were collected in the field using a structured form with open and closed questions. The respondents mentioned nine symptoms related to breaking the babaçu: back pain, kidney pain, joint pain, body aches, eye problems, sore throat, uterine fibroids, anemia and skin diseases. This work is vital to the economic survival of the breakers. On the other hand, the ASMUBIP contributes to the preservation of babaçu through its political action. The lives of the workers and of the babaçu forests are therefore intricately intertwined. ; Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar os aspectos socioambientais e de saúde das quebradeiras de coco babaçu da Associação Regional das Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais do Bico do Papagaio (ASMUBIP - TO). A quebra do coco babaçu é uma atividade penosa, quase sempre realizada por mulheres de baixa renda e que vivem na área rural com a utilização de instrumental técnico rudimentar, pode causar lesões nas mãos e/ou em outras partes do corpo. Além disso, pode provocar alterações orgânicas em decorrência de posturas inadequadas e de movimentos repetitivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados em campo a partir de um formulário estruturado com questões fechadas e abertas. Foram mencionados pelas informantes 11 sintomas que elas atribuem à quebra do babaçu entre os quais: dores de coluna; dores nas costas; dores nos rins; dores nas juntas; dores no corpo; problemas de vista; inflamação na garganta; mioma uterino; anemia e doenças de pele. A quebra do babaçu é muito importante para as quebradeiras por contribuir para sua sobrevivência. Por outro lado, as quebradeiras contribuem para a preservação dos babaçuais através de sua atuação política. Elas não dissociam a vida das florestas de babaçu de sua própria vida. ; Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar os aspectos socioambientais e de saúde das quebradeiras de coco babaçu da Associação Regional das Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais do Bico do Papagaio (ASMUBIP - TO). A quebra do coco babaçu é uma atividade penosa, quase sempre realizada por mulheres de baixa renda e que vivem na área rural com a utilização de instrumental técnico rudimentar, pode causar lesões nas mãos e/ou em outras partes do corpo. Além disso, pode provocar alterações orgânicas em decorrência de posturas inadequadas e de movimentos repetitivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, cujos dados foram coletados em campo a partir de um formulário estruturado com questões fechadas e abertas. Foram mencionados pelas informantes 11 sintomas que elas atribuem à quebra do babaçu entre os quais: dores de coluna; dores nas costas; dores nos rins; dores nas juntas; dores no corpo; problemas de vista; inflamação na garganta; mioma uterino; anemia e doenças de pele. A quebra do babaçu é muito importante para as quebradeiras por contribuir para sua sobrevivência. Por outro lado, as quebradeiras contribuem para a preservação dos babaçuais através de sua atuação política. Elas não dissociam a vida das florestas de babaçu de sua própria vida.

城市氣候信息對可持續城市規劃十分重要。但是城市氣候在城市規劃上的應用仍然十分有限。都市氣候圖是一種信息和評估工具,它融合了城市氣候信 息和城市規劃要素,利用兩維空間地圖將存在的城市氣候現象和問題展現出來。通過文獻綜述可知都市氣候圖的研究源於1970 年代, 目前大部分相關研究主要針對低密度城市進行。現今隨著城市人口的持續增加和快速城市化發展, 緊湊城市和高密度城市生活將是未來不可避免的趨勢。這就迫切需要開展針對高密度城市的都市氣候圖應用研究,例如香港。 ; 本研究使用的氣象數據來自香港天文台,規劃數據則從香 港政府規劃署獲得。基於前期香港都市氣候分析圖和風信息圖層所獲得的分析 和評估結果,該研究繪製了可應用在分區大綱圖的香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和重點規劃建議,並探討了具體的規劃控制策略,涵蓋樓宇密度(容積率、樓宇高度和基地建築覆蓋率)、 綠化(綠化帶,都市綠洲和開放空間的連接及綠色網格)、樓宇後移、通風廊道(河道、風道和通風廊)、非建築用地,樓宇間距和樓宇通透性。根據香港城市氣候的特點,結合香港分區大綱圖的邊界和 區劃,設立了分區大綱圖的4 個規劃策略類型,劃分了18 個組團,並形成詳細的都市氣候規劃建議圖。每個組團又再細化成若干次區域,並配有詳細的規劃改善建議。香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和18 個組團的詳細都市氣候 規劃建議圖以及相應的規劃建議為香港搭建了一個城市氣候規劃應用框架,有效的引導規劃和發展進程,確保規劃師和決策管理著採用適合的城市氣候評估結果。 ; 本研究發現香港都市氣候規劃建議圖可為城市規劃師和決策管理者在宏觀、區域及策略性的層面上提供有益的城市氣候信息平台。根據相關的氣候規劃建議和策略,便於規劃師和決策管理著選取適宜的規劃手段,進而有針對性地改善城市氣候狀況,特別是針對敏感地區。同時,該研究結果有助於在分區大綱圖的層面上開展規劃 探討及決策。另外該研究方法和所提出的相關規劃建議針對高密度城市 狀況,均可供其他相似城市參考, 特別是珠江三角洲地區。現已有三個城市:高雄、澳門和阿納姆的都市氣候圖研究借鑒並採用了該研究的研究成果。 ; Urban climate is of great importance for the sustainable urban planning. However, urban climatic application has a low impact on urban planning. The Urban Climatic Map (UCMap) is a climatic information and evaluation tool to integrate urban climatic factors and town planning considerations by presenting climatic phenomena and problems on two-dimensional spatial maps. Literature reviews that the UCMap studies have been developed since the 1970s, but most UCMap studies focus on low density cities. Due to increasing urban population and rapid urbanization nowadays, compact living and high density city lives are inevitable trends around the world. This makes it an urgent issue to study how to apply UCMap to high density cities, such as Hong Kong. ; The study used meteorological data from Hong Kong Observatory and planning data from Planning Department of the Government of Hong Kong SAR. Based on the climatic analysis from the Urban Climatic Analysis Map and Wind Information Layer, this study developed an Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) and formulated key planning recommendations for Hong Kong, which could then be applied at the level ...

by Pang King Man. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-204). ; Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. ; by Pang King Man. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; Content --- p.v ; List of Figures --- p.xiii ; List of Tables --- p.xvii ; List of Plates --- p.xxii ; Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Printed circuit board manufacturing industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Principal manufacturing processes of printed circuit board --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Cleaning and surface preparation --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Catalyst application and electroless plating --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Pattern printing and masking --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- Electroplating --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- Etching --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Characteristics of wastestreams from printed circuit board manufacturing --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Spent solvents --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Spent etchants --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Rinsewaters --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Air emission --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.3 --- Environmental legislation relating to PCB manufacturing industry --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO) --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Sewage Services (Sewage Charges) Regulation --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) Regulation --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO) --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Chemical-specific approach against toxicity-based approach --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity identification evaluation --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Phase I: Toxicity characterization --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phase II: Toxicity identification --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Phase III: Toxicity confirmation --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Toxicity identification evaluation on industrial effluents --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity tests --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Selection of organisms for bioassays --- p.22 ; Chapter ...

The environmental change by the society is recurring and has been intensified since the first civilizations. However, the lack of conservationist practices has caused the emergence of degraded areas, whose recovery is fundamental for the sustainability. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the environmental recovery as a public policy strategy supported in the Brazilian legislation. As methodology, a documental and analytical research was developed on the regulations, discussed at a multidisciplinary perspective, from the view of legal and engineering specialists, from the agricultural and environmental areas. As a result, it was identified a collection of rules pointing at a significant commitment on the definition of guidelines. On the other hand, this meaningful quantity of legal mechanisms, associated to misalignment, may cause damages to its effectiveness. In conclusion, we can consider that environmental reclamation is widely regulated, and it represents one of the main strategies of the environmental public policy adopted in Brazil. Nevertheless, it still requires advances to combine harmoniously practical and theoretical-conceptual aspects. Thus, considering the moment that Brazil is consolidating a new Forestry Code, we hope that the achieved outcomes can contribute to the debate and mobilization about the environmental reclamation as a strategy for sustainability.

by Chan Yu Keung. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-141). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; Table of Content --- p.iv ; List of Figures --- p.ix ; List of Tables --- p.xiv ; Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Textiles Industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Processes Involved in Textiles Industry --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Typical Stages in Bleaching and Dyeing Step --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Characterization of Textile Wastewater --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Desizing --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.4.2 --- Scouring --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.4.3 --- Bleaching --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.4.4 --- Mercerizing --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.4.5 --- Dyeing and Printing --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.4.6 --- Finishing --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Toxicity of Pollutants from Textiles Industry --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Related Environmental Legislation in Hong Kong --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.6.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.6.2 --- Waste Disposal Ordinance --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.6.3 --- General Sewage Charge --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.6.4 --- Trade Effluent Surcharge --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.7 --- Chemical Specific Approach --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicity Based Approach --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.8.1 --- Selection of Organisms for Bioassays --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.9 --- Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Test --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.10 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.10.1 --- Phase I ´ؤ Toxicant Characterization --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.10.2 --- Phase II - Toxicant Identification --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.10.3 --- Phase III - Toxicant Confirmation --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.11 --- Ecotoxicology --- p.16 ; Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.18 ; Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.19 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Sources of Samples --- p.19 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test --- p.19 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.19 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- Growth inhibition test of a marine ...

Ng King Sau. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-147). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.iii ; 論文摘要 --- p.iv ; Acknowledgements --- p.v-vi ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1-3 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.3-5 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.5-7 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the Research --- p.7-9 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review ; Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Civil Society --- p.10-16 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Idea of Global Civil Society --- p.16-19 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Development of Chinese Civil Society --- p.19-23 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Development of Global Civil Society in China --- p.23-26 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Analytical Framework and Methodology ; Chapter 3.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis --- p.21-29 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Organizational Level of Analysis --- p.29-33 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Individual Level of Analysis --- p.33-34 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Definition of Culture --- p.34-40 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Methodology --- p.40-45 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Global Civil Society: The case of Greenpeace ; Chapter 4.1. --- A History of Greenpeace --- p.46-47 ; Chapter 4.2. --- The Mission of Greenpeace --- p.47 ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Resources of Greenpeace --- p.48-49 ; Chapter 4.4. --- Organizational Structure of Greenpeace: a M-form organization --- p.49-52 ; Chapter 4.5. --- Global Strategy of Greenpeace --- p.52-56 ; Chapter 4.6 --- Background of Establishment of China Office --- p.56-57 ; Chapter 4.7 --- Greenpeace China I: An Introduction to the Hong Kong Unit --- p.57-58 ; Chapter 4.8 --- Greenpeace China II: An Introduction to the Beijing Unit --- p.58-60 ; Chapter 4.9 --- Greenpeace China III: An Introduction to the Guangzhou Unit --- p.60-62 ; Chapter 4.10 --- Conclusion --- p.62-63 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Guangzhou Unit: Process and Mechanisms of Cultural Diffusion ; Chapter 5.1 --- Structural Level of Analysis: An Introduction of Guangzhou --- ...

Shi, Xiaoxin. ; "August 2010." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-169). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract (English) --- p.iv ; Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iiiv ; Acknowledements --- p.iv ; List of Tables --- p.ix ; List of Figures --- p.x ; Abbreviations --- p.xii ; "Terms in English, Chinese, and Chinese pinyin" --- p.xi ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- SEA and its practice in China --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research objectives --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research questions --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of this research --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.6 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- SEA and Its Chinese Context --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The definition of SEA --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The two schools of SEA theory --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- EIA-based SEA --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Policy-oriented SEA --- p.112 ; Chapter 2.4 --- SEA in the Chinese context --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- Institutional context: administrative structure and governmental organs --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.4.2 --- "Planning system context: urban SEPs, basic classification, and attributes" --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.4.3 --- Historical context: from EIA to SEA --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.4.4 --- "Regulatory context: a ""grey area"" for urban SEPs" --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.30 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology and Design --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Inquiry process as a social practice --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Framing the research --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Starting from the tangible top of an ""iceberg""" --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Establishing criteria for evaluation --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Research Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Literature review: summarizing key elements of good SEAs of urban SEPs --- p.37 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Research instruments --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.5.1 --- Literature review --- ...

本研究聚焦2009年到2013年,中國廣州的一場圍繞垃圾處理展開的社會運動。運動最初是當地居民動員起來反對市政府垃圾焚燒項目的鄰避抗爭。勝利後,運動領袖成立了一個環保組織,和政府從對抗走向合作,力圖推动焚燒技術以外的替代性垃圾治理方案。不過,儘管政府和環保者致力於解決垃圾,垃圾問題在消費社會中始終無法消除。本研究試圖理解後社會主義中國的綠色治理和環保行動之間的對抗與合作。 ; 首先,我分析當代中國高速城市化和消費社會急速發展所帶來的垃圾危機。然后,我檢視圍繞垃圾焚燒技術的主要爭議,並描繪廣州居民是如何針對政府計劃中的垃圾焚燒項目做出抗爭的。我指出,他們結合地方性知識和科學話語,將自己建構為"常民專家",對全球性的焚燒科技的"地方適用性"作出成功挑战。接下來,我提供一個民族誌,追溯抗議成功后運動的歷史軌跡。我注意到,通過成立一個環保組織"EC",反焚運動走向合法化、組織化和制度化,抗爭被體制吸納,轉變為參與協助國家環境治理的運動。最後,我描繪EC與广州政府聯手推動的垃圾分類運動。指出,國家在此運動中的尷尬身份、以利潤為導向的回收市場影響、理想化的垃圾分類知識與普通民眾的知識存在斷裂,都使得推動垃圾分類異常艱難。 ; 通過展示運動變遷與國家治理轉型相互交織的辯證关系,本研究挑戰了國家與社會的二元對立,指出在國家在治理轉型過程中不斷收編反抗的行動和話語,而於此同時反焚者又在不斷生產新的另類知識做出挑戰。此外,本研究還貢獻於對廢棄物的理解,將廢棄物視為是一個動態的範疇,國家、市場、科學技術、普通消費者、環保行動者等多個行動者共同生產、競爭、建構其意義。還有,本研究對於科技知識的普遍性的探討,對科學技術研究領域做出了貢獻。 ; This is a study on social movements that focused on waste treatment in Guangzhou, China from 2009-2013. The campaign began as a NIMBY (Not-In-My-Backyard) movement that mobilized community residents to protest against municipal government's proposed incineration projects. After its success, the movement leaders changed their dissident role to form an environmental protection NGO, collaborating with the state to explore alternative waste treatment solutions other than incineration. However, despite of the politicians and activists' attempt to eliminate waste, waste continues to exist in tandem of our consumption spree. I endeavor to understand the contradiction as well as collusion between green governance and environmental activisms in post-socialist China. ; Firstly, I analyze the garbage crisis caused by the rapid urbanization and the dramatic growth of consumer society in contemporary China. Then I examine a few major technological controversies of waste incineration and depict how the activists protest against the pro-incineration government. I argue that through deploying local knowledge, the activists, as "lay experts", successfully challenged the "local appropriateness" of the global technology of incineration. Next, I provide an in-depth ethnography of the transformation of this campaign after its ...

Na análise de conflitos socioambientais por mineração, vários trabalhos têm apontado as diversas causas que originam estes cenários de tensão sobretudo em comunidades locais. Contudo, um aspecto pouco abordado é a percepção dos riscos como causa de um conflito socioambiental. A partir dessa premissa, este trabalho discute teorias que abordam os riscos e o princípio da precaução com a teoria da justiça ambiental a fim de identificar os elementos comuns entre estas e suas implicações em conflitos que envolvem coletividades. A conexão analítica entre o princípio da precaução e a teoria da justiça ambiental permite advertir que, em alguns conflitos por mineração, além da rejeição aos riscos por possíveis efeitos poluentes, existem outras questões inter-relacionadas de conteúdo epistemológico, social, cultural, econômico e político que influenciam nos cenários de conflito. O trabalho mostra que estas inter-relações se expressam principalmente nas limitações intrínsecas do conhecimento científico para a avaliação de riscos e incertezas em projetos de mineração complexos e na disputa política que envolve avaliação e decisão sobre riscos que poderiam afetar bens incomensuráveis como o ambiente, a saúde humana e as formas de organização de diversas comunidades. ; In the analysis of socioenvironmental conflicts by mining, several studies have pointed out the various causes that give rise to these tension scenarios, especially in local communities. However, one aspect that is not addressed is the perception of risks as a socio-environmental conflict cause. Based on this premise, this work discuss the theories that approach the risks and precautionary principle with the theory of environmental justice in order to identify the common elements between both and their implications in the context of conflicts that involve collectivities. We argue that the analytical link between the precautionary principle and the environmental justice theory allows us to note that in some conflicts regarding mining, in addition to the rejection of risks due to possible polluting effects, there are other interrelated issues of epistemological, social, cultural, economic and political content that influence in conflict scenarios. The work shows that these interrelations are expressed mainly in the intrinsic limitations of scientific knowledge for the evaluation of risks and uncertainties in complex mining projects, and in the political dispute surrounding the evaluation and decision on risks that could affect incommensurable goods such as the environment, human health and the forms of organization of various communities.

by Chung Ho Yan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-141). ; Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. ; by Chung Ho Yan. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Figures --- p.xi ; List of Plates --- p.xiv ; List of Tables --- p.xv ; Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Textile-Dyeing Industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Processes Involved in Dyeing Industry --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Desizing --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Scouring --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Bleaching --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2.4 --- Mercerizing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2.5 --- Dyeing and Printing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2.6 --- Finishing --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Characterization of Wastewater of Dyeing Industry --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity of Effluent from Textile-Dyeing Industry --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Related Environmental Legislation --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Chemical Specific Approach and Toxicity Based Approach --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.7 --- Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Test --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.8.1 --- Phase I - Toxicity Characterization --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.8.2 --- Phase II - Toxicity Identification --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.8.3 --- Phase III - Toxicity Confirmation --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.9 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation on Effluent from Textile-Dyeing Industry --- p.19 ; Chapter 1.10 --- Organisms Used for Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.11 --- Selection of Organisms for Bioassays --- p.20 ; Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.24 ; Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Sources of Samples --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test - Baseline Toxicity Test --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.28 ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Survival test of the marine amphipod, Hyale crassicornis" --- p.29 ; Chapter 3.2.3 --- "Survival test of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana" --- ...

Esse trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico acerca da regulação de outorgas de água subterrânea para o setor industrial no baixo curso do rio Paraíba, PB, com especial atenção no estabelecimento de interações entre o status quo atual e a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) que tem por base a Lei Federal nº 9.433/97. Complementam-no alguns regulamentos específicos emanados dos órgãos ambientais e da legislação estadual sobre as águas. Com base em dados obtidos em fontes primárias constantes de cadastros de informações fornecidas pelo órgão gestor, análises circunstanciadas do uso de água subterrânea na Região do Baixo curso do Rio Paraíba, com vistas a estabelecer alguns parâmetros que facilitem a implementação da PNRH de forma integrada foram analisadas. A análise dos dados selecionados para o setor industrial mostrou que os volumes outorgados para águas subterrâneas são significativos e diferem bastante entre si. Restou evidenciada a necessidade de incremento constante nos processos de gestão. ; This paper presents an institutional study of groundwater regulation and industrial use in Paraiba, Brazil, with special emphasis on the interactions between the status quo and the current National Water Resources Policy which is based on Federal Law No 9.433/97 and some specific regulations in water rights concession issued by the environmental agencies and water legislation. Based on data from primary sources and information provided by water resources management institutes, detailed analyses of groundwater use in order to establish some parameters to facilitate implementation of national policies in an integrated manner were done. The data analysis and the results showed that water resources management processes need to be fostered for the region. ; Esse trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico acerca da regulação de outorgas de água subterrânea para o setor industrial no baixo curso do rio Paraíba, PB, com especial atenção no estabelecimento de interações entre o status quo atual e a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) que tem por base a Lei Federal nº 9.433/97. Complementam-no alguns regulamentos específicos emanados dos órgãos ambientais e da legislação estadual sobre as águas. Com base em dados obtidos em fontes primárias constantes de cadastros de informações fornecidas pelo órgão gestor, análises circunstanciadas do uso de água subterrânea na Região do Baixo curso do Rio Paraíba, com vistas a estabelecer alguns parâmetros que facilitem a implementação da PNRH de forma integrada foram analisadas. A análise dos dados selecionados para o setor industrial mostrou que os volumes outorgados para águas subterrâneas são significativos e diferem bastante entre si. Restou evidenciada a necessidade de incremento constante nos processos de gestão.

当代佛教如何参与现代环境危机这一公共社会议题是本文的问题意识,参与佛教与人间佛教的环保参与实践及其理论阐述正是现代社会较有影响力的佛教环保实践。 ; 本文首先研究参与佛教的生态正义与人间佛教的心灵环保这两种类型在环保进路上的不同特征,参与佛教的环保以社会抗议、公义的分配制度及文化批判的社会正义诉求为其特征,人间佛教主要团体则以心灵净化、节约资源等行动表现出心灵环保的特点;接着将生态正义与心灵环保放入自然、经济、政教关系等社会处境进行剖析,最后对参与佛教的生态正义与人间佛教的心灵环保这两种佛教环保类型进行对比。 ; 通过两种类型的比较研究探讨佛教参与环保的进路与趋势,冀望两种参与类型的彼此关照,互相学习和进行整合作为佛教参与环保的愿景,即多维视野的佛教生态参与模式,同时兼顾与结合社会与个体、正义与心灵等多维角度,共同推进从社会结构层面的抗争与心灵文化的变革,探索佛教智慧如何更好的参与现代社会环境危机以寻找出路。 ; Buddhism has involved in environmental protection on the local as well as global level. This thesis seeks to explore how and why the Buddhist modern movements, particularly Engaged Buddhism and Humanistic Buddhism adopt different approaches to environmental issues. The comparative study of these two Buddhist movements and their respective approaches to environment protection attempts to characterize and contrast the two different approaches as Eco-Justice and Eco-Spirituality and to analyze them in terms of their cultural, economic, political and social contexts. ; Though the approach of Eco-Justice adopted by Engaged Buddhism focuses on social justice and the approach of Eco-Spirituality adopted by Humanistic Buddhism concentrates on spiritual cultivation, this thesis attempts to argue that they provide contrasting yet complementary approaches to environmental protection. The dialogue between Engaged Buddhism and Humanistic Buddhism on environmental issues will enrich each other and contribute to the Buddhist engagement of environmental protection as a whole. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 梁容. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-196) ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Abstracts in Chinese and English. ; Liang Rong. ; 致谢 --- p.i ; 目录 --- p.iii ; 摘要 --- p.iv ; Abstract --- p.v ; 引 言 --- p.1 ; Chapter 第一章 --- ...

Este artigo disponibiliza os principais resultados do estudo "Uma leitura da educação ambiental em cinco estados e um bioma do Brasil", realizado em quatro redes de educação ambiental. O estudo em questão foi concluído em novembro de 2004, respondendo à demanda da Rede Brasileira de Educação Ambiental e baseou-se nos dados dos diagnósticos realizados pelas seguintes redes: Rede Paulista - REPEA(SP); Rede Sul - REASUL (PR, SC e RS); Rede Aguapé (MT e MS/bioma Pantanal) e Rede Acre - RAEA (AC) para alimentação do Sistema Brasileiro de Informações Ambientais; Ministério do Meio Ambiente (SIBEA/MMA) no período 2001-2003. O estudo teve como objetivos apresentar uma sistematização das categorias comuns pesquisadas em cada rede; discutir se é possível, a partir consolidação dos dados recolhidos, comparar as características da educação ambiental para as regiões pesquisadas; e, finalmente, destacar desafios, limites e oportunidades que se evidenciam no desenvolvimento da educação ambiental. Na análise dos dados são destacadas tendências como: a natureza das instituições que oferecem atividades de educação ambiental, na sua maioria instituições públicas e da sociedade civil e em menor escala, privadas; as instituições de educação ambiental e educadores/especialistas e pesquisadores concentram-se na região sudeste; predominam atividades de sensibilização/mobilização seguidas de capacitação em educação ambiental; o conceito de educação ambiental não apresenta uma compreensão consensual no conjunto das redes; existem mais projetos que programas de educação ambiental; predominam cursos de curta duração na formação do educador ambiental. Nas considerações finais são analisadas estas tendências à luz dos contextos políticos e educacionais e sugeridas questões para a reflexão sobre as relações entre educação ambiental e sua inserção social. ; This article brings the main results of a study called "An investigation of environmental education in five states and a biome in Brazil" carried out in four networks of environmental education. The study was commissioned by the Brazilian Network of Environmental Education, and was concluded in November 2004; it was based on data of the diagnostics performed by the following networks: State of São Paulo Network - Repea (SP), Southern Network - Reasul (PR, SC, and RS), Aguapé Network (MT and MS/Pantanal Biome), and Acre Network - Raea (AC). They all fed data into the Brazilian System of Environmental Information of the Ministry for the Environment (Sibea/MMA) in the 2001-2003 period. The objectives of the study were to present a systematization of common categories researched in each network, to discuss the possibility of comparing the features of environmental education for the regions researched on the basis of the consolidation of the data gathered, and finally to highlight challenges, limitations and opportunities perceived in the development of environmental education. The analysis of the data emphasizes aspects such as: the institutions offering activities of environmental education are mainly public and of the civil society and, on a small scale, private; institutions of environmental education, educators/experts, and researchers are concentrated in Southeastern Brazil; activities are mostly of awareness/mobilization, followed by capacitation in environmental education; the concept of environmental education is not understood evenly across networks; there are more projects than programs of environmental education; there is a predominance of short duration courses in the training of environmental educators. The final considerations of the text analyze these tendencies in the light of the political and educational contexts, and suggestions are made for further reflection on the relations between environmental education and its social insertion.

This article unveils the perceptions of vulnerable populations of the Amazon regarding the risks of river disasters and highlights their assessment of the effectiveness of government responses. The record of perceptions, assessments and identification of social vulnerabilities were obtained in interviews with focus groups formed by residents of Cacau Pirêra, in the Amazon. To characterize the environmental threats and vulnerabilities, fluviometric and altimetric data of the occupied areas were used. In that District, floods do not have to exceed normal limits to constitute environmental disasters and, in the perception of residents, pose more risks than ebb. Participants point to the low effectiveness of public policies as the main cause of the ineffectiveness of the government's response to water disasters. Natural disaster studies should consider the interactions between the environmental and social aspects of territories to reach an understanding of the complexity of the context in which they occur. ; Este artigo desvela as percepções de populações vulneráveis da Amazônia quanto aos riscos de desastres fluviais e evidencia a avaliação que fazem quanto à eficácia das respostas do poder público. O registro das percepções e avaliações e a identificação das vulnerabilidades sociais foram obtidos em entrevistas com grupos focais formados por moradores de Cacau Pirêra, no Amazonas. Para caracterização das ameaças e vulnerabilidades ambientais foram utilizados dados fluviométricos e altimétricos das áreas ocupadas. Naquele Distrito, as inundações não precisam ultrapassar os limites de normalidade para se configurarem como desastres ambientais e, na percepção dos moradores, representam mais riscos que as vazantes. Os participantes apontam a baixa efetividade das políticas públicas como principal causa da ineficácia da resposta do poder público aos desastres fluviais. Os estudos de desastres naturais devem considerar as interações entre os aspectos ambientais e sociais dos territórios para alcançarem um entendimento acerca da complexidade do contexto em que ocorrem.

Ground was first broken in 2007 for the Açu Port, one of the largest port projects in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Fifth District of São João da Barra. Construction of its megastructures involved the clearing of extensive areas of restinga and the execution of a broad process of family-owned farmland expropriation by the Rio de Janeiro government. The objective of this study is to evaluate local family farmers' perceptions of change as a means to understand their interrelationship with the environment before and after the installation of the Açu Port. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that was designed to identify the positive and negative interventions related to the Açu Port in the Fifth District and local family farming systems. Two locations were selected for the sampling: Água Preta and Mato Escuro. Questionnaires were applied between May and August 2019 and a total of 105 farmers (65 in Água Preta and 40 in Mato Escuro) were enrolled in the study. The results show that local farmers believed the installation of the Açu Port directly interfered in their social, economic and environmental well-being. The main environmental and economic impacts listed by the farmers were: salinization of water used for irrigation of their plantations and the process of expropriation of their lands. The results obtained demonstrate that in addition to affecting the dynamics of São João da Barra coastal ecosystems, including the restinga and lagoons, the economic development model adopted by the Açu Port has affected the quality of life of these farmers, interfered with their agricultural areas and directly affected their social reproduction. ; A partir de 2007, um dos maiores empreendimentos portuários do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Porto do Açu, foi implantado no 50 Distrito do município de São João da Barra. Para a construção de suas megaestruturas, extensas áreas de restinga foram suprimidas e um amplo processo de desapropriação de terras pertencentes a agricultores familiares foi conduzido ...