Suchergebnisse

Land use change and a shift in economic activity often bring to unpredictable consequences for local ecosystems. There is a necessity of making preliminary evaluation and analysis of comparing the different types of economic and ecological transformation, including cost and benefit analysis, not only for business and local population, but for the whole environment. We give an example of a particular animal husbandry farm in Karelia and show how potential change in economic specialization can be effective on a 10 years horizon. Among other land use types, we chose peat mining and wetland conservation. Each type of activities was complexly evaluated with different types of costs and benefits. In the paper, we use a method of land use change evaluation including the value of ecosystem services. The monetary values of ecosystem services are given with the respect to foreign analogues and taking into account local realities and prices. Our results have shown that the most beneficial for the society and the environment is wetland conservation, due to their berries picking service, which are highly appreciated on the market, and due to low costs for the third parties, since wetlands contain regulative and refinery services for local ecosystems. As a contrary peat mining is a profitable business, but pollutes the environment because of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. The current specialization for animal husbandry is neither an optimal solution because of low profitability of the chosen farm. The results of the research can be used for optimization in regional politics in the sphere of agriculture and environment economics in order to protect the ecological balance between human activities and nature. ; Дан анализ возможной смены землепользования и хозяйственной деятельности одного из хозяйств Пряжинского национального района Республики Карелии. Представлен метод оценки экономической прибыли от восстановления земель с учетом экономической оценки экосистемных услуг. ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No 14-38-00023 Control of land degradation in the Eurasian region.

In the article, the factors of a stability of the Russian economy are investigated from the systematic positions as a multilevel, multisubject and multidimensional socio-economic system. The concept of economics system stability as abilities to keep prerequisites for growth with the support and effective use of system structure of economy is formulated. The leading role of all economic subjects of different levels (including government as a subject of the international relations, regions as subjects of Federation, enterprises as economic entities) in economic stability is shown. The need of «extension» of a network of subjects due to strengthening of the subjectivity of economic fields is emphasized. Research of an internal basic system structure of an economic subject and external structure of its immediate environment in socioeconomic, administrative-and-managerial, and market spaces with the use of the results of the new theory of economic systems leads to a conclusion of similarity of these structures. It is shown that each of these system complexes includes (together with a subject) four systems of various types - object, environmental, processed, and designed. The system environment of a subject in the administrative-and-managerial space of inter-level interactions has the same structure. It gives the chance to reduce a problem of subjects' resistance to a question of balance of system structures of the complexes forming an internal filling and an external environment of subjects. The method of balance index of similar complexes is given. Recommendations on a choice of the measures of economic policy for providing economics system stability of Russia during the crisis are formulated. It is shown that such policy has to be developed with the principles of a subject-preservation, system balance of internal filling and external environment of subjects, a corporate solidarity of subjects despite their level in the administrative hierarchy. ; Исследованы факторы устойчивости российской экономки как многоуровневой, многосубъектной и многоаспектной социально-экономической системы. Приведен субъектный состав экономики. Показана ведущая роль совокупности экономических субъектов разных уровней.

In the article, the factors of a stability of the Russian economy are investigated from the systematic positions as a multilevel, multisubject and multidimensional socio-economic system. The concept of economics system stability as abilities to keep prerequisites for growth with the support and effective use of system structure of economy is formulated. The leading role of all economic subjects of different levels (including government as a subject of the international relations, regions as the subjects of Federation, enterprises as economic entities) in economic stability is shown. The need of "extension" of a network of subjects due to strengthening of the subjectivity of economic fields is emphasized. Research of an internal basic system structure of an economic subject and external structure of its immediate environment in socioeconomic, administrative-and-managerial, and market spaces with the use of the results of the new theory of economic systems leads to a conclusion of similarity of these structures. It is shown that each of these system complexes includes (together with a subject) four systems of various types - object, environmental, processed, and designed. The system environment of a subject in the administrative-and-managerial space of inter-level interactions has the same structure. It gives the chance to reduce a problem of subjects' resistance to a question of balance of system structures of the complexes forming an internal filling and an external environment of subjects. The method of balance index of similar complexes is given. Recommendations on a choice of the measures of economic policy for providing economics system stability of Russia during the crisis are formulated. It is shown that such policy has to be developed with the principles of a subject-preservation, system balance of internal filling and external environment of subjects, a corporate solidarity of subjects despite their level in the administrative hierarchy. ; Рассмотрены универсальные характеристики и свойства социально-экономических систем. Проанализирован состав административной и функциональной тетрад. Изложены основные принципы и методы оценки сбалансированности системных тетрад. Приведены выводы относительно факторов устойчивости и возможных направлений и мер экономической политики, обеспечивающих устойчивость экономики как многоуровневой системы. ; This article has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant, Project N 14-18-02294.

The importance of assessing past and future climate differences plays an important role in future planning in relation to climate change. This situation requires urgent and concerted action in several areas: technology, infrastructure, politics, economics, and the environment. The article evaluates the impact of changes in precipitation intensity on the water level in the global circulation model (GCM) RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. This study is a useful reference for improving water resource management and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural products in the future, as well as for improving operational water management and agricultural sustainability.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ SMM В СИСТЕМЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ / Л. П. Барышникова, В. Н. Ардатьев ; ГОУ ВПО "ДОНАУИГС" // Сборник научных работ серии «Экономика». Вып. 24. – Донецк : ГОУ ВПО «ДОНАУИГС», 2021. – С.49-56. Современные цифровые технологии упрощают коммуникации, позволяют органам государственного управления получить обратную связь, выявить потребности общества. Использование SMM в системе экологического управления, дает широкий спектр возможностей по продвижению экологических инициатив, своевременному выявлению экологических угроз, выработки совместных решений, оценке проведенных мероприятий. Ключевые слова: экология, SMM, управление, коммуникации, система контроля. USE OF SMM IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM / L.P.BARYSHNIKOVA, V. N. ARDAT`EV ; SEE HPE "DAMPA" // Collection of scientific works of the series "Economics". Issue 24. - Donetsk: SEE HPE "DAMPA", 2021. - S.49-56. Modern digital technologies simplify communication, allow government bodies to receive feedback, to identify the needs of society. The use of SMM in the environmental management system provides a wide range of opportunities to promote environmental initiatives, timely identify environmental threats, develop joint decisions, and evaluate the activities carried out. Keywords: ecology, SMM, management, communications, control system.

в данной статье проиллюстрированы примеры использования экологии для экономических целей и в качестве рычага управления на политической арене. ; This article illustrates the examples of environmental use for economic purposes and as a lever in the political arena.

The environmental problem concerns everyone. We cannot live in isolation, human activity affects the environment. The article describes the model of modern mechanisms of standardization for successful implementation of the state policy in the sphere of environmental protection in the Russian Federation. As a methodological basis, the authors considered the concept of sustainable development stimulating to implement the nature protection measures. We have analyzed the pollution level in the Russian regions by the man-made impact. The analysis is based on the Russian Meteorological Service data published in the state report. We have defined the most environmentally disadvantaged federal districts. The article considers the environmental problems at the level of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. We focus on the influence of demographic problems connected with environmental pollution on the growth rate of regional economy. The article reviews the Russian laws and regulations concerning standardization process, including the procedure for determining the best technology of manufacturing process and/or rendering services. This technology has to be based on the scientific and technological innovations and meet environmental objectives. We have described the international experience in this field, and defined the aspects of environmental regulation from the international practice, which can be applied in the Russian regulatory documents. We have considered the institutional structure as a part of Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, which provides expert advice and opinions concerning the drafts of compendiums on the best available technologies. We classify compendiums, which are being currently developed. We have identified the fields of economic activity, which need the development of environmental standards and technology compendiums, which will take into account the volumes of the waste that are subject to neutralization and utilization. We have developed a universal model for the implementation of standardization mechanisms. This model may solve the environmental problems in any region within the developed technical regulation and the nature protection legislation. The universality of the presented model consists in the integrated use of the general system of measures for environment protection in any region. In summary, the results show the need to introduce the standards and the best technology compendiums. It is necessary for the successful implementation of ecologically friendly business practices including power and resource-saving. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Описана модель реализации современных механизмов стандартизации для успешного осуществления государственной политики в сфере охраны окружающей среды на территории Российской Федерации. Проанализирован уровень загрязнения регионов продуктами техногенного происхождения. Рассмотрена организационная структура, осуществляющая экспертизу и подготовку заключений по проектам информационно-технических справочников наилучших доступных технологий. Приведен перечень разработанных справочников.

В статье предложен новый политико-экономический концепт, определяющий современный этап развития общества и экономики, – экономика рисков, которая представляет собой экономику высокотехнических и наукоемких производств, характеризующуюся высочайшей степенью политико-экономических, технологических, финансовых и экологических неопределенностей и рисков. Фактором становления экономики рисков стала усиливающаяся тенденция к возрастанию неопределенностей всех типов – финансовых, технико-технологических, политико-экономических, геоэкономических и т. д. Понимание природы экономики рисков важно для выработки действенных политико-экономических механизмов противостояния этим рискам. ; The article proposes a new political and economic concept that characterizes the current stage of development of society and the economy – a risk economy. The risk economy is an economy of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, characterized by the highest degree of political, economic, technological, financial and environmental uncertainties and risks. The growing risk economy has become a growing tendency for increasing uncertainty of all types – financial, technical-technological, political-economic, geo-economic etc. Understanding the nature of risk economics is critically important for developing effective political and economic mechanisms to counter these risks.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ / Н. В. Погоржельская, А. Э. Шевчик ; ГОУ ВПО "ДОНАУИГС" // Сборник научных работ серии «Финансы, учет, аудит». Вып. 25. – Донецк : ГОУ ВПО «ДОНАУИГС», 2022. – С. 171-181. В статье исследованы концептуальные основы экологического налогообложения с учетом трансформации его экономической сущности и содержания в условиях современных вызовов. Дана характеристика экологического налога в странах ЕС и ДНР. Определены налоговые и неналоговые платежей, относящиеся к экологическим в России. Определены особенности финансового механизма в ДНР и РФ, связанные с недостаточной прозрачностью и неэффективностью использования экологических средств. Ключевые слова: экологический налог, экологические платежи и сборы, финансовый механизм, фискальная политика, налоговая система. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION IN THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT / N.V.POGORZHELSKAYA, А. Е. SHEVCHIK ; SEE HPE "DAMPA" // Collection of scientific works of the series "Finance, accounting, audit ". Issue 25. – Donetsk : SEE HPE "DAMPA", 2022. - Р.171-181. The article explores the conceptual foundations of environmental taxation, taking into account the transformation of its economic essence and content in the face of modern challenges. The characteristic of the ecological tax in the EU and DPR countries is given. Tax and non-tax payments related to environmental in Russia are determined. The features of the financial mechanism in the DPR and the Russian Federation associated with insufficient transparency and inefficiency in the use of environmental funds are determined. Keywords: environmental tax, environmental payments and fees, financial mechanism, fiscal policy, tax system.

The article analyzes the prerequisites for creating a market for agricultural land in the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to land reform, land degradation (reduction of the bonitet score from 60 in 1991 to 50 or more at present, pasture degradation by 20-30%) and increase in economic from their use, the role of land rent in payments for land. 6 basic principles for creating a land market have been established and systematized, the relationship between X-rays and water in the irrigated farming zone, the role of the market in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of land and water resources in the republic has been noted.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ / Л. Б. Костровец, Ю. О. Рощина // Механизмы управления социально-экономическими системами: теория и практика: материалы Республиканской интернет-конф., 14 ноября 2018 г., г.Донецк ГОУ ВПО ДонАУиГС. – Донецк: ДонАУиГС, 2018. - С. 101-103. Постановка проблемы в общем виде. Устойчивое развитие является новой мировоззренческой, политической и практической моделью развития для всех стран мира, которые начали переход от чисто экономической модели развития к поиску оптимального баланса между тремя составляющими развития – экономической, социальной и экологической. Реализация этой модели требует формирования системы публичного управления устойчивым развитием, необходимым условием которого и его важной составляющей, является надлежащее управление. Цель исследования - рассмотреть стратегические направления социально-экономического развития государства с ограниченными возможностями. STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF A STATE WITH DISTRIBUTED POSSIBILITIES. General formulation of the problem. Sustainable development is a new ideological, political and practical model of development for all countries of the world, which have begun the transition from a purely economic model of development to the search for an optimal balance between the three components of development - economic, social and environmental. The implementation of this model requires the formation of a public management system for sustainable development, a necessary condition of which and its important component is proper management. The purpose of the study is to consider the strategic directions of the socio-economic development of the state with disabilities.

Internal identity of a region is a factor that promotes political stability. Western Europe is a particular example here. The significance of regions, which is clearly emphasised in Europe, may become a prerequisite for their mutual assimilation. This causes numerous problems but also contributes to increased interdependence between nations and regions. The potential of regional identity may be treated as a factor that reduces the consequences of the revival of national or nationalistic tendencies on the one hand, and those of intensified globalisation on the other. A decade of contradictory experience in the formation of regional identity in Central Europe confirms this hypothesis. The emergence of clear regional structures as well the reinforcement of a new regiona identity of Central European countries in politics and then in economics may diminish the level of various hazards ranging from political ones to environmental. ; Tożsamość wewnątrzregionalna jest czynnikiem sprzyjającym stabilności. Szczególnie znaczący jest tutaj przykład Europy Zachodniej. Wyraźnie zarysowana pozycja regionów w Europie może słuzyć jako przesłanka do ich wzajemnego upodabniania się, co powoduje wiele problemów, ale zarazem zwiększa współzależność nie tylko między państwami, ale i między regionami. W takim przypadku procesy globalizacji nie muszą mieć charakteru "bezadresowgo". Potencjał regionalnej tożsamości można traktować jako fenomen, który redukuje skutki odrodzenia narodowych i nacjonalistycznych tendencji z jednej strony oraz intensyfikacji globalizacji – z drugiej. Dziesięcioletnie i skrajnie sprzeczne doświadczenia formowania regionalnych tożsamości w Centralnej Europie potwierdzaj¹ s³usznoœæ tej hipotezy. Krystalizacja regionalnych struktur i umocnienie nowej regionalnej identycznoœci pañstw Europy Centralnej – najpierw w polityce, a potem i w ekonomii – mo¿e obni¿yæ poziom ró¿norakich nie - bezpieczeñstw, zaczynaj¹c od politycznych, a koñcz¹c na ekologicznych.

Behavioural economics investigating psychological regularities of behavior of the person predetermining his/her economic decisions is one of the most urgent areas of theoretical and practical interests today.Within the limits of this area, in this article the author makes an attempt to combine psychological and economic approaches to studying the main factors of human resource and human capital management in the economic space of Russia which were united in four groups: situational-environmental, personal, social-economic and political factors and organizational-management factors.Since human resource management is carried out in the economic space of the country, indicators of monitoring human resource and human capital development must be a system of characteristics including characteristics of economic density, characteristics of population distribution and quality and economic activity, characteristics of the intensity of socio-economic relationships and characteristics of the psychological state of the population.The author defines the role of human resources as a driving force in raising people's standard of living and quality of life, levelling of conditions of social and economic development of the country and regions and substantiates the main role of investment in human capital as a key factor of the innovative development of the Russian economy. ; На сегодняшний день одной из наиболее актуальных областей теоретических и практических интересов является поведенческая экономика, исследующая психологические закономерности поведения человека, предопределяющие его экономические решения.В рамках этого направления, в данной статье предпринята попытка объединить психологический и экономический подходы к изучению основных факторов управления человеческими ресурсами и человеческим капиталом в экономическом пространстве России, которые были объединены в четыре группы: ситуационно-средовые, личностные, социально-экономические и политические факторы и организационно-управленческие факторы.Поскольку управление человеческими ресурсами осуществляется в экономическом пространстве страны, индикаторы мониторинга развития человеческих ресурсов и человеческого капитала должны представлять собой систему показателей, включающую показатели экономической плотности, показатели размещения и качества населения и экономической деятельности, показатели интенсивности социально-экономических взаимосвязей и показатели психологического состояния населения.Определяется роль человеческих ресурсов как движущей силы в повышении уровня и качества жизни людей, выравнивании условий социально-экономического развития страны и регионов, и обосновывается основная роль инвестиций в человеческий капитал как ключевого фактора инновационного развития российской экономики.

A study of Smart City functioning leads to the conclusion that Fourth Industrial Revolution poses threatening challenges, which require the close attention of scientists to eliminate existential threats to humanity and turn the Smart City functioning into a human centred system. The analysis of indicators and descriptors that determine the content of the smart city phenomenon and the essence of this concept remains relevant nowadays. The purpose of the article is to analyse the Smart Cities global network, countries, regional clusters and the urbanisation scale for the possible potential threats emergence to the artificial intelligence application in the Smart City: socio-economic, ethical, psychological, environmental and political. Using the methods of foresight, benchmarking and comparative analysis the authors have formulated and revealed the content of the political and reputational nature threats. These threats are linked to increasing polarisation in society, "hybrid" wars emergence, personal data losses, the labour market and employments problems, increasing ecological pressure on the environment and the line blurring between machine and human. The results of the study contribute to knowledge about the potential and negative aspects of the information technologies use in urban environments. ; Исследование функционирования «умного города» позволяет сделать вывод, что четвертая промышленная революция бросает угрожающие вызовы, которые уже сейчас требуют пристального внимания ученых с тем, чтобы устранить экзистенциальные угрозы всему человечеству и превратить функционирование «умного города» в человекоцентричную систему. Актуальным сегодня остается анализ индикаторов и дескрипторов, определяющих содержание феномена «умный город» и сущность этого понятия. Цель статьи – анализ глобальной сети «умных городов», стран, региональных кластеров и масштабирования урбанизации на предмет возникновения возможных потенциальных угроз применения искусственного интеллекта в «умном городе»: социально-экономического, этического, психологического, экологического и политического свойства. С помощью методов форсайтинга, бенчмаркинга и компаративного анализа авторами сформулировано и раскрыто содержание угроз политического и репутационного характера. Эти угрозы связаны с увеличением поляризации в обществе, возникновением «гибридных» войн, потерями персональных данных, проблемами на рынке труда и в сфере занятости населения, увеличением экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду, стиранием грани между машиной и человеком. Результаты работы вносят вклад в знание о потенциале и негативных аспектах применения информационных технологий в условиях городской среды.