Die Umwelt ist der untrennbare Bestandteil des Menschenlebens. Die Qualität des Menschenlebens ist der Umwelt gehört. Sie übt Einfluß auf die Menschenrechte in das Leben und die Gesundheit aus. Das Wachstum der Wirtschaft und der technischen Progreße lösen die Probleme der Umwelt. Die Umweltschutzesproblemen sind sehr wichtig in ganzem Welt, deshalb streben die Staaten nach den Lösungen dieser Problemen und hohem Schutzniveau. Nämlich charakterisieren diese Grundprinzipien den Inhalt des Umweltrechts und zeichnen die Ziele und die Aufgaben des Umweltrechts kennen. Der Umweltschutz ist das internacionale Ziel, das es erreichen ist, wenn die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts in die Tat umsetzen sind. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind hohes Schutzniveau, Ursprungsgrundsatz, Verursacherprinzip, Grundsatz des bestmöglichen Umweltschutzes, Kostenverteilungsprinzip und andere. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes schließen die harmonische Gesamtheit aus. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind sehr ein wichtige Bestandteil des Umweltrechts, deshalb wird es in dieser Arbeit der Begriff der Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes, ihre Bedeutung und die Verwirklichung in dem Gemeinschaftsrecht und nationalem Recht analysieren, wie die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes zielt in den nationalen Gerichte und in dem Gericht der Europäischen Union. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit stellt die Verwirklichung der Grundprinzipien und daraus entstehende Probleme dar. Des weiteren werden mögliche Lösungsvorschläge dieser Probleme vorgelegt. Im Bereich der Umweltsschutzesprinzipien wurden von ausländischen Wissenschaftlern vorgelegt. Einige Aspekte wurden auch in Arbeiten litauischer Verfasser, auch gerichtlicher Urteilen untersucht. Dieser Arbeit besteht aus der Einleitung, drei Analyseteilen, die Schlüsse, die Literaturliste. In der Arbeit werden die allgemeinen Rechtsprinzipien unn Principien des Umweltrechts, ihre Verwirklichung in der litauischen und EU-Rechtssystem hervorgehoben
Die Umwelt ist der untrennbare Bestandteil des Menschenlebens. Die Qualität des Menschenlebens ist der Umwelt gehört. Sie übt Einfluß auf die Menschenrechte in das Leben und die Gesundheit aus. Das Wachstum der Wirtschaft und der technischen Progreße lösen die Probleme der Umwelt. Die Umweltschutzesproblemen sind sehr wichtig in ganzem Welt, deshalb streben die Staaten nach den Lösungen dieser Problemen und hohem Schutzniveau. Nämlich charakterisieren diese Grundprinzipien den Inhalt des Umweltrechts und zeichnen die Ziele und die Aufgaben des Umweltrechts kennen. Der Umweltschutz ist das internacionale Ziel, das es erreichen ist, wenn die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts in die Tat umsetzen sind. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind hohes Schutzniveau, Ursprungsgrundsatz, Verursacherprinzip, Grundsatz des bestmöglichen Umweltschutzes, Kostenverteilungsprinzip und andere. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes schließen die harmonische Gesamtheit aus. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind sehr ein wichtige Bestandteil des Umweltrechts, deshalb wird es in dieser Arbeit der Begriff der Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes, ihre Bedeutung und die Verwirklichung in dem Gemeinschaftsrecht und nationalem Recht analysieren, wie die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes zielt in den nationalen Gerichte und in dem Gericht der Europäischen Union. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit stellt die Verwirklichung der Grundprinzipien und daraus entstehende Probleme dar. Des weiteren werden mögliche Lösungsvorschläge dieser Probleme vorgelegt. Im Bereich der Umweltsschutzesprinzipien wurden von ausländischen Wissenschaftlern vorgelegt. Einige Aspekte wurden auch in Arbeiten litauischer Verfasser, auch gerichtlicher Urteilen untersucht. Dieser Arbeit besteht aus der Einleitung, drei Analyseteilen, die Schlüsse, die Literaturliste. In der Arbeit werden die allgemeinen Rechtsprinzipien unn Principien des Umweltrechts, ihre Verwirklichung in der litauischen und EU-Rechtssystem hervorgehoben
Die Umwelt ist der untrennbare Bestandteil des Menschenlebens. Die Qualität des Menschenlebens ist der Umwelt gehört. Sie übt Einfluß auf die Menschenrechte in das Leben und die Gesundheit aus. Das Wachstum der Wirtschaft und der technischen Progreße lösen die Probleme der Umwelt. Die Umweltschutzesproblemen sind sehr wichtig in ganzem Welt, deshalb streben die Staaten nach den Lösungen dieser Problemen und hohem Schutzniveau. Nämlich charakterisieren diese Grundprinzipien den Inhalt des Umweltrechts und zeichnen die Ziele und die Aufgaben des Umweltrechts kennen. Der Umweltschutz ist das internacionale Ziel, das es erreichen ist, wenn die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts in die Tat umsetzen sind. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind hohes Schutzniveau, Ursprungsgrundsatz, Verursacherprinzip, Grundsatz des bestmöglichen Umweltschutzes, Kostenverteilungsprinzip und andere. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes schließen die harmonische Gesamtheit aus. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind sehr ein wichtige Bestandteil des Umweltrechts, deshalb wird es in dieser Arbeit der Begriff der Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes, ihre Bedeutung und die Verwirklichung in dem Gemeinschaftsrecht und nationalem Recht analysieren, wie die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes zielt in den nationalen Gerichte und in dem Gericht der Europäischen Union. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit stellt die Verwirklichung der Grundprinzipien und daraus entstehende Probleme dar. Des weiteren werden mögliche Lösungsvorschläge dieser Probleme vorgelegt. Im Bereich der Umweltsschutzesprinzipien wurden von ausländischen Wissenschaftlern vorgelegt. Einige Aspekte wurden auch in Arbeiten litauischer Verfasser, auch gerichtlicher Urteilen untersucht. Dieser Arbeit besteht aus der Einleitung, drei Analyseteilen, die Schlüsse, die Literaturliste. In der Arbeit werden die allgemeinen Rechtsprinzipien unn Principien des Umweltrechts, ihre Verwirklichung in der litauischen und EU-Rechtssystem hervorgehoben
Die Umwelt ist der untrennbare Bestandteil des Menschenlebens. Die Qualität des Menschenlebens ist der Umwelt gehört. Sie übt Einfluß auf die Menschenrechte in das Leben und die Gesundheit aus. Das Wachstum der Wirtschaft und der technischen Progreße lösen die Probleme der Umwelt. Die Umweltschutzesproblemen sind sehr wichtig in ganzem Welt, deshalb streben die Staaten nach den Lösungen dieser Problemen und hohem Schutzniveau. Nämlich charakterisieren diese Grundprinzipien den Inhalt des Umweltrechts und zeichnen die Ziele und die Aufgaben des Umweltrechts kennen. Der Umweltschutz ist das internacionale Ziel, das es erreichen ist, wenn die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts in die Tat umsetzen sind. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind hohes Schutzniveau, Ursprungsgrundsatz, Verursacherprinzip, Grundsatz des bestmöglichen Umweltschutzes, Kostenverteilungsprinzip und andere. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes schließen die harmonische Gesamtheit aus. Die Grundprinzipien des Umweltrechts sind sehr ein wichtige Bestandteil des Umweltrechts, deshalb wird es in dieser Arbeit der Begriff der Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes, ihre Bedeutung und die Verwirklichung in dem Gemeinschaftsrecht und nationalem Recht analysieren, wie die Grundprinzipien des Umweltschutzes zielt in den nationalen Gerichte und in dem Gericht der Europäischen Union. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit stellt die Verwirklichung der Grundprinzipien und daraus entstehende Probleme dar. Des weiteren werden mögliche Lösungsvorschläge dieser Probleme vorgelegt. Im Bereich der Umweltsschutzesprinzipien wurden von ausländischen Wissenschaftlern vorgelegt. Einige Aspekte wurden auch in Arbeiten litauischer Verfasser, auch gerichtlicher Urteilen untersucht. Dieser Arbeit besteht aus der Einleitung, drei Analyseteilen, die Schlüsse, die Literaturliste. In der Arbeit werden die allgemeinen Rechtsprinzipien unn Principien des Umweltrechts, ihre Verwirklichung in der litauischen und EU-Rechtssystem hervorgehoben
As a result, various climate change effects (3 school) often amplify mechanisms, which lead to insecurity and violence, such as political instability, weak governance structures, poor economic performance, etc. This is especially relevant for those regions where several "conflict constellations" (water and food shortage, regular natural disasters, rapid demographic change, etc.) are overlapping. Environmental change also has a certain impact to international security in terms of possible increase in the number of weak and fragile states, risks for global economic development, intensification of migration, territorial disputes, etc. Generally, environmental security research (apart from the 1 and 2 schools) is based on a broad approach to security, which is not limited to military conflicts and include various elements of sustainable development and economic welfare. On the one hand, it is understandable, as interdisciplinary character of environmental security requires complex approach to security. On the other hand, research based on the concept of human security (4 school) often equates security with economic and social well-being, thus blurring the line between security and development studies. It also undermines the assessment of the impact environmental issues can have to traditional security problems (conflicts, regime change, political instability, etc.). Finally, securization of various social problems (AIDS, migration, poverty, gender inequality, etc.) might be used for political purposes by legitimizing the use of military force or restricting human rights. Various natural disasters (5 school) have a substantial destructive power, which not only causes substantial damage (humanitarian crises, destroyed infrastructure, etc.), but also has complex socioeconomic and political effects, which affect political regimes, critical economic sectors, social stability, etc. .
As a result, various climate change effects (3 school) often amplify mechanisms, which lead to insecurity and violence, such as political instability, weak governance structures, poor economic performance, etc. This is especially relevant for those regions where several "conflict constellations" (water and food shortage, regular natural disasters, rapid demographic change, etc.) are overlapping. Environmental change also has a certain impact to international security in terms of possible increase in the number of weak and fragile states, risks for global economic development, intensification of migration, territorial disputes, etc. Generally, environmental security research (apart from the 1 and 2 schools) is based on a broad approach to security, which is not limited to military conflicts and include various elements of sustainable development and economic welfare. On the one hand, it is understandable, as interdisciplinary character of environmental security requires complex approach to security. On the other hand, research based on the concept of human security (4 school) often equates security with economic and social well-being, thus blurring the line between security and development studies. It also undermines the assessment of the impact environmental issues can have to traditional security problems (conflicts, regime change, political instability, etc.). Finally, securization of various social problems (AIDS, migration, poverty, gender inequality, etc.) might be used for political purposes by legitimizing the use of military force or restricting human rights. Various natural disasters (5 school) have a substantial destructive power, which not only causes substantial damage (humanitarian crises, destroyed infrastructure, etc.), but also has complex socioeconomic and political effects, which affect political regimes, critical economic sectors, social stability, etc. .
As a result, various climate change effects (3 school) often amplify mechanisms, which lead to insecurity and violence, such as political instability, weak governance structures, poor economic performance, etc. This is especially relevant for those regions where several "conflict constellations" (water and food shortage, regular natural disasters, rapid demographic change, etc.) are overlapping. Environmental change also has a certain impact to international security in terms of possible increase in the number of weak and fragile states, risks for global economic development, intensification of migration, territorial disputes, etc. Generally, environmental security research (apart from the 1 and 2 schools) is based on a broad approach to security, which is not limited to military conflicts and include various elements of sustainable development and economic welfare. On the one hand, it is understandable, as interdisciplinary character of environmental security requires complex approach to security. On the other hand, research based on the concept of human security (4 school) often equates security with economic and social well-being, thus blurring the line between security and development studies. It also undermines the assessment of the impact environmental issues can have to traditional security problems (conflicts, regime change, political instability, etc.). Finally, securization of various social problems (AIDS, migration, poverty, gender inequality, etc.) might be used for political purposes by legitimizing the use of military force or restricting human rights. Various natural disasters (5 school) have a substantial destructive power, which not only causes substantial damage (humanitarian crises, destroyed infrastructure, etc.), but also has complex socioeconomic and political effects, which affect political regimes, critical economic sectors, social stability, etc. .
As a result, various climate change effects (3 school) often amplify mechanisms, which lead to insecurity and violence, such as political instability, weak governance structures, poor economic performance, etc. This is especially relevant for those regions where several "conflict constellations" (water and food shortage, regular natural disasters, rapid demographic change, etc.) are overlapping. Environmental change also has a certain impact to international security in terms of possible increase in the number of weak and fragile states, risks for global economic development, intensification of migration, territorial disputes, etc. Generally, environmental security research (apart from the 1 and 2 schools) is based on a broad approach to security, which is not limited to military conflicts and include various elements of sustainable development and economic welfare. On the one hand, it is understandable, as interdisciplinary character of environmental security requires complex approach to security. On the other hand, research based on the concept of human security (4 school) often equates security with economic and social well-being, thus blurring the line between security and development studies. It also undermines the assessment of the impact environmental issues can have to traditional security problems (conflicts, regime change, political instability, etc.). Finally, securization of various social problems (AIDS, migration, poverty, gender inequality, etc.) might be used for political purposes by legitimizing the use of military force or restricting human rights. Various natural disasters (5 school) have a substantial destructive power, which not only causes substantial damage (humanitarian crises, destroyed infrastructure, etc.), but also has complex socioeconomic and political effects, which affect political regimes, critical economic sectors, social stability, etc. .
Relevant Problems of The International Law of State Immunity The paper analyzes the relevant problems of the international law of state immunity. The necessity of the topic of work is emphasized by the new sources of international law on this issue, the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Lithuania, the need for analysis of new decisions of the International Court of Justice. Part 1 deals with the sources of the international law of state immunity, identifies sources of different types and contents, performs an analysis of development and the influence of the development on the contemporary attitude of the states. The state immunity subject reviewed in part 2 is identified by distinguishing it from similar immunities (head of state, diplomatic, consular immunities, as well as immunities of international organizations). The problem of qualification of state immunity is reviewed, different practices of states and the influence of the executive power on qualification of the subject is analyzed. Part 3 reviews the specifics of the criteria for state immunity exemptions. The practical application of these criteria, the burden of proof, the relationship between the nature of the dispute and the purpose as criteria are analyzed. Part 4 provides an overview of the international law of state immunity and the right to trial ratio, challenges and potential outcomes. The influence of International Court of Justice judgments and national legislation on this relationship is analyzed. There was found the significant human rights impact on the doctrine of state immunity restriction.
Relevant Problems of The International Law of State Immunity The paper analyzes the relevant problems of the international law of state immunity. The necessity of the topic of work is emphasized by the new sources of international law on this issue, the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Lithuania, the need for analysis of new decisions of the International Court of Justice. Part 1 deals with the sources of the international law of state immunity, identifies sources of different types and contents, performs an analysis of development and the influence of the development on the contemporary attitude of the states. The state immunity subject reviewed in part 2 is identified by distinguishing it from similar immunities (head of state, diplomatic, consular immunities, as well as immunities of international organizations). The problem of qualification of state immunity is reviewed, different practices of states and the influence of the executive power on qualification of the subject is analyzed. Part 3 reviews the specifics of the criteria for state immunity exemptions. The practical application of these criteria, the burden of proof, the relationship between the nature of the dispute and the purpose as criteria are analyzed. Part 4 provides an overview of the international law of state immunity and the right to trial ratio, challenges and potential outcomes. The influence of International Court of Justice judgments and national legislation on this relationship is analyzed. There was found the significant human rights impact on the doctrine of state immunity restriction.
Relevant Problems of The International Law of State Immunity The paper analyzes the relevant problems of the international law of state immunity. The necessity of the topic of work is emphasized by the new sources of international law on this issue, the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Lithuania, the need for analysis of new decisions of the International Court of Justice. Part 1 deals with the sources of the international law of state immunity, identifies sources of different types and contents, performs an analysis of development and the influence of the development on the contemporary attitude of the states. The state immunity subject reviewed in part 2 is identified by distinguishing it from similar immunities (head of state, diplomatic, consular immunities, as well as immunities of international organizations). The problem of qualification of state immunity is reviewed, different practices of states and the influence of the executive power on qualification of the subject is analyzed. Part 3 reviews the specifics of the criteria for state immunity exemptions. The practical application of these criteria, the burden of proof, the relationship between the nature of the dispute and the purpose as criteria are analyzed. Part 4 provides an overview of the international law of state immunity and the right to trial ratio, challenges and potential outcomes. The influence of International Court of Justice judgments and national legislation on this relationship is analyzed. There was found the significant human rights impact on the doctrine of state immunity restriction.
Relevant Problems of The International Law of State Immunity The paper analyzes the relevant problems of the international law of state immunity. The necessity of the topic of work is emphasized by the new sources of international law on this issue, the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights concerning Lithuania, the need for analysis of new decisions of the International Court of Justice. Part 1 deals with the sources of the international law of state immunity, identifies sources of different types and contents, performs an analysis of development and the influence of the development on the contemporary attitude of the states. The state immunity subject reviewed in part 2 is identified by distinguishing it from similar immunities (head of state, diplomatic, consular immunities, as well as immunities of international organizations). The problem of qualification of state immunity is reviewed, different practices of states and the influence of the executive power on qualification of the subject is analyzed. Part 3 reviews the specifics of the criteria for state immunity exemptions. The practical application of these criteria, the burden of proof, the relationship between the nature of the dispute and the purpose as criteria are analyzed. Part 4 provides an overview of the international law of state immunity and the right to trial ratio, challenges and potential outcomes. The influence of International Court of Justice judgments and national legislation on this relationship is analyzed. There was found the significant human rights impact on the doctrine of state immunity restriction.
Ever since 1992 UN global conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro the countries that took part in this global event agreed upon the development of the concept of sustainable development. This latter concept has become the basis and as well the main objective of the international environmental regime, trying to fulfill it to its highest theoretical level. The concept of sustainable development is pointed at the balance of three different spheres: economical, social and environmental, at the same time not prioritizing any of them, thus making sure none of them is superior to others. Considering the main idea of the latter concept it is seen why it has become so important in the years from the day it was presented – today the humanity has to deal with constantly developing environmental problems and their caused aftermaths which have a close link with the globally acknowledged human rights. Such aftermaths infringe the human rights as well as the principles of the common welfare deriving from them, like the right to clean environment, to shelter, to food, to water and, of course, the most fundamental rights of all – the right to health and the right to life. It is important to mention that a number of people that pattern of life is being affected by the actual global environmental problems (such as climate change, water, ground and air pollution, ineffective waste management or naturally or human-caused environmental degradation) is constantly growing and has an increasing tendency to grow unless these problems are effectively addressed internationally. The main objective of this master's work is to determine the specifics of the actual global environmental problems, what international legal instruments cover them, to determine the effectiveness of their regimes and what value they provide towards the creation of the global environmental system that would ensure sustainability in reaching international environmental law solutions. Trying to make sure how the international environmental law instruments and their regimes work the following aspects are reviewed: 1) today's ecological situation in the world, today's ecological problems and what relation they have with the fundamental welfare principles derived from the human rights; 2) theoretical model of sustainable development and the role of the European Union as one of the most ecologically aware actors in the international arena; 3) specifics, efficiency and implementation problems of the international environmental instruments which regulation is addressed to climate change such as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol; 4) regimes of the international waste management (including dry land as well as water, seas and ocean areas), their efficiency, implementation problems and methods addressed to waste prevention; 5) status of ecological refugees – how they are treated and what dangers as well as legal problems they are facing. The hypothesis of this mater's work is as follows: The international solution of the global environmental problems can be ensured implementing today's international environmental legal instruments and together with them ensuring creation of the international sustainable environmental system. Considering the analyzed data and the legal scholars' opinions considered in this work it is seen that the latter hypothesis is not proved out. It is seen that both, implementing international environmental legal instruments and creation of the international sustainable environmental system with the regimes deriving from such instruments, depend on several factors that are primarily related to separate states and their sovereign power. Moreover, while many states (especially the states referred as the third world countries) are not financially strong to consider the possibility to invest a lump sum of money in order to fight environmental problems, there are concerning cases when a bunch of economically strong states is not even considering such behavior – they are simply not willing to lose their economic competitive ability abiding the rules of international environmental legal instruments addressed to prevent certain factors that have a significant footprint in a progress of the environmental problems that are being faced, for example, the case with the climate change and following obligations to reduce emissions. We can see that there is a specific legal vacuum when the states that have previously ratified specific international legal instruments, for example Kyoto Protocol, can even avoid common obligations that other states obligate themselves to follow (for example the case with Russia, Japan and Canada when these countries simply opted out from the second commitment period (2013 to 2020) of the Kyoto Protocol due to strict emission obligations) – such imperative-free option is one of the main reasons why the idea of international sustainable environmental legal system is in a stage of stagnation. Therefore, now we can see that implementation of sustainable development principle is only possible in state and regional level (as common states' initiative, for example, the case of the European Union and its member states). Meanwhile, the global level is considered to be a future objective, a pursuable model of environmental international cooperation which at the given moment is only possible on a theoretical plane.
Ever since 1992 UN global conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro the countries that took part in this global event agreed upon the development of the concept of sustainable development. This latter concept has become the basis and as well the main objective of the international environmental regime, trying to fulfill it to its highest theoretical level. The concept of sustainable development is pointed at the balance of three different spheres: economical, social and environmental, at the same time not prioritizing any of them, thus making sure none of them is superior to others. Considering the main idea of the latter concept it is seen why it has become so important in the years from the day it was presented – today the humanity has to deal with constantly developing environmental problems and their caused aftermaths which have a close link with the globally acknowledged human rights. Such aftermaths infringe the human rights as well as the principles of the common welfare deriving from them, like the right to clean environment, to shelter, to food, to water and, of course, the most fundamental rights of all – the right to health and the right to life. It is important to mention that a number of people that pattern of life is being affected by the actual global environmental problems (such as climate change, water, ground and air pollution, ineffective waste management or naturally or human-caused environmental degradation) is constantly growing and has an increasing tendency to grow unless these problems are effectively addressed internationally. The main objective of this master's work is to determine the specifics of the actual global environmental problems, what international legal instruments cover them, to determine the effectiveness of their regimes and what value they provide towards the creation of the global environmental system that would ensure sustainability in reaching international environmental law solutions. Trying to make sure how the international environmental law instruments and their regimes work the following aspects are reviewed: 1) today's ecological situation in the world, today's ecological problems and what relation they have with the fundamental welfare principles derived from the human rights; 2) theoretical model of sustainable development and the role of the European Union as one of the most ecologically aware actors in the international arena; 3) specifics, efficiency and implementation problems of the international environmental instruments which regulation is addressed to climate change such as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol; 4) regimes of the international waste management (including dry land as well as water, seas and ocean areas), their efficiency, implementation problems and methods addressed to waste prevention; 5) status of ecological refugees – how they are treated and what dangers as well as legal problems they are facing. The hypothesis of this mater's work is as follows: The international solution of the global environmental problems can be ensured implementing today's international environmental legal instruments and together with them ensuring creation of the international sustainable environmental system. Considering the analyzed data and the legal scholars' opinions considered in this work it is seen that the latter hypothesis is not proved out. It is seen that both, implementing international environmental legal instruments and creation of the international sustainable environmental system with the regimes deriving from such instruments, depend on several factors that are primarily related to separate states and their sovereign power. Moreover, while many states (especially the states referred as the third world countries) are not financially strong to consider the possibility to invest a lump sum of money in order to fight environmental problems, there are concerning cases when a bunch of economically strong states is not even considering such behavior – they are simply not willing to lose their economic competitive ability abiding the rules of international environmental legal instruments addressed to prevent certain factors that have a significant footprint in a progress of the environmental problems that are being faced, for example, the case with the climate change and following obligations to reduce emissions. We can see that there is a specific legal vacuum when the states that have previously ratified specific international legal instruments, for example Kyoto Protocol, can even avoid common obligations that other states obligate themselves to follow (for example the case with Russia, Japan and Canada when these countries simply opted out from the second commitment period (2013 to 2020) of the Kyoto Protocol due to strict emission obligations) – such imperative-free option is one of the main reasons why the idea of international sustainable environmental legal system is in a stage of stagnation. Therefore, now we can see that implementation of sustainable development principle is only possible in state and regional level (as common states' initiative, for example, the case of the European Union and its member states). Meanwhile, the global level is considered to be a future objective, a pursuable model of environmental international cooperation which at the given moment is only possible on a theoretical plane.
Ever since 1992 UN global conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro the countries that took part in this global event agreed upon the development of the concept of sustainable development. This latter concept has become the basis and as well the main objective of the international environmental regime, trying to fulfill it to its highest theoretical level. The concept of sustainable development is pointed at the balance of three different spheres: economical, social and environmental, at the same time not prioritizing any of them, thus making sure none of them is superior to others. Considering the main idea of the latter concept it is seen why it has become so important in the years from the day it was presented – today the humanity has to deal with constantly developing environmental problems and their caused aftermaths which have a close link with the globally acknowledged human rights. Such aftermaths infringe the human rights as well as the principles of the common welfare deriving from them, like the right to clean environment, to shelter, to food, to water and, of course, the most fundamental rights of all – the right to health and the right to life. It is important to mention that a number of people that pattern of life is being affected by the actual global environmental problems (such as climate change, water, ground and air pollution, ineffective waste management or naturally or human-caused environmental degradation) is constantly growing and has an increasing tendency to grow unless these problems are effectively addressed internationally. The main objective of this master's work is to determine the specifics of the actual global environmental problems, what international legal instruments cover them, to determine the effectiveness of their regimes and what value they provide towards the creation of the global environmental system that would ensure sustainability in reaching international environmental law solutions. Trying to make sure how the international environmental law instruments and their regimes work the following aspects are reviewed: 1) today's ecological situation in the world, today's ecological problems and what relation they have with the fundamental welfare principles derived from the human rights; 2) theoretical model of sustainable development and the role of the European Union as one of the most ecologically aware actors in the international arena; 3) specifics, efficiency and implementation problems of the international environmental instruments which regulation is addressed to climate change such as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol; 4) regimes of the international waste management (including dry land as well as water, seas and ocean areas), their efficiency, implementation problems and methods addressed to waste prevention; 5) status of ecological refugees – how they are treated and what dangers as well as legal problems they are facing. The hypothesis of this mater's work is as follows: The international solution of the global environmental problems can be ensured implementing today's international environmental legal instruments and together with them ensuring creation of the international sustainable environmental system. Considering the analyzed data and the legal scholars' opinions considered in this work it is seen that the latter hypothesis is not proved out. It is seen that both, implementing international environmental legal instruments and creation of the international sustainable environmental system with the regimes deriving from such instruments, depend on several factors that are primarily related to separate states and their sovereign power. Moreover, while many states (especially the states referred as the third world countries) are not financially strong to consider the possibility to invest a lump sum of money in order to fight environmental problems, there are concerning cases when a bunch of economically strong states is not even considering such behavior – they are simply not willing to lose their economic competitive ability abiding the rules of international environmental legal instruments addressed to prevent certain factors that have a significant footprint in a progress of the environmental problems that are being faced, for example, the case with the climate change and following obligations to reduce emissions. We can see that there is a specific legal vacuum when the states that have previously ratified specific international legal instruments, for example Kyoto Protocol, can even avoid common obligations that other states obligate themselves to follow (for example the case with Russia, Japan and Canada when these countries simply opted out from the second commitment period (2013 to 2020) of the Kyoto Protocol due to strict emission obligations) – such imperative-free option is one of the main reasons why the idea of international sustainable environmental legal system is in a stage of stagnation. Therefore, now we can see that implementation of sustainable development principle is only possible in state and regional level (as common states' initiative, for example, the case of the European Union and its member states). Meanwhile, the global level is considered to be a future objective, a pursuable model of environmental international cooperation which at the given moment is only possible on a theoretical plane.
