Suchergebnisse

The paper deals with the conception of sustainable development, its aims and tasks, which orient teachers towards the analysis of environmental problems and their links with economic and social progress. Such approach serves as a starting point formulating and conceptualizing the reasons of the rise and spread of these problems. A definite model oriented towards sustainable development is described and educational experience in the analysis of environmental issues in the aspect of sustainable development is presented. The history of environment provides an opportunity to identify when environmental problems arise and how they vary under the influence of socio-cultural, economic and political factors; it is one of the means studying the basics of sustainable development. Teaching to understand and solve problems in the aspect of the history of environment adds significance to a teacher's activities, which include consistent stages of schoolchildren's practical activities and development of their abilities to analyze and solve environmental issues (problem identification, analysis of its formation and development, understanding the urgency of its solution). Studies of the history of environment in the aspect of sustainable development enable teachers to implement the strategic conception of integrated teaching and national sustainable development in practice. The paper presents integration opportunities of various teaching subjects and the studies of various environmental issues (objects, localities). The described methods give an opportunity to develop various competences of schoolchildren and to stimulate changes in their lifestyle.

The paper deals with the conception of sustainable development, its aims and tasks, which orient teachers towards the analysis of environmental problems and their links with economic and social progress. Such approach serves as a starting point formulating and conceptualizing the reasons of the rise and spread of these problems. A definite model oriented towards sustainable development is described and educational experience in the analysis of environmental issues in the aspect of sustainable development is presented. The history of environment provides an opportunity to identify when environmental problems arise and how they vary under the influence of socio-cultural, economic and political factors; it is one of the means studying the basics of sustainable development. Teaching to understand and solve problems in the aspect of the history of environment adds significance to a teacher's activities, which include consistent stages of schoolchildren's practical activities and development of their abilities to analyze and solve environmental issues (problem identification, analysis of its formation and development, understanding the urgency of its solution). Studies of the history of environment in the aspect of sustainable development enable teachers to implement the strategic conception of integrated teaching and national sustainable development in practice. The paper presents integration opportunities of various teaching subjects and the studies of various environmental issues (objects, localities). The described methods give an opportunity to develop various competences of schoolchildren and to stimulate changes in their lifestyle.

The study examines the development of higher-order thinking skills of grade 4 students in the context of social and natural science and real-life. The review of scientific literature has defined what context-based learning is and highlighted the conditions for developing a higher order thinking skills. In the empirical part, according to the criteria selected in the course of the analysis of the scientific literature, the national achievement tasks of the social and natural science for grade 4 were analyzed. It has been determined that the context of the analyzed tasks is related to real-life situations. Tasks are close to the child with their content, and their context is brought closer to the child's living environment. There were no tasks that would involve a more global life context: political issues, international relationship, environmental issues, etc. It has been investigated that most of the students in grade 4 are required to analyze the situation and draw conclusions about it. More rarely applied argumentation skills and answers to complex quastions. There were no tasks focused on creating graphs, models or redefining submitted models.

Science and technology play an increasing role in our lives, and progress in modern science and technology occur very quickly. Sciencific knowledge update is needed to understand the great scientific and technological changes. But this must bedone properly, stimulating the interest; the mass mediaoften do not help since they may insist on aspects which are doubtful or incorrect or not scientific. Lithuania is among the European Union countries with minimal interest of community in science and technologies, one of the lowest funding of science, and slow progress in science popularization. The main goal of the future work for animal science (on ecological and environmental range) popularization is creating the shortcut between the community (especially children and young people) and academic and research society by direct communication of animal science researchers to general public in Lithuania. The idea of sustainability is directing us from a purely economic stand point of animal production to new dimensions, which include: human and animal health and wellbeing, as well as environment impact and in effect can lead to principal shifts in our paradigma approaches to the relationships berween man and his environment. The article deals with ecological farming in the Lithuania. Under current and near future conditions the needs of ecological farms farmers to cooperate and the possibilities of ecological cooperatives development are in those agricultural branches in which stock of their products totalled most comparable weight as it is in stock-raising. The article analyzed regional differences of stock-raising ecological farms and possibilities of development of alternative activities. The most important is education of ecological life style in the early age.

Science and technology play an increasing role in our lives, and progress in modern science and technology occur very quickly. Sciencific knowledge update is needed to understand the great scientific and technological changes. But this must bedone properly, stimulating the interest; the mass mediaoften do not help since they may insist on aspects which are doubtful or incorrect or not scientific. Lithuania is among the European Union countries with minimal interest of community in science and technologies, one of the lowest funding of science, and slow progress in science popularization. The main goal of the future work for animal science (on ecological and environmental range) popularization is creating the shortcut between the community (especially children and young people) and academic and research society by direct communication of animal science researchers to general public in Lithuania. The idea of sustainability is directing us from a purely economic stand point of animal production to new dimensions, which include: human and animal health and wellbeing, as well as environment impact and in effect can lead to principal shifts in our paradigma approaches to the relationships berween man and his environment. The article deals with ecological farming in the Lithuania. Under current and near future conditions the needs of ecological farms farmers to cooperate and the possibilities of ecological cooperatives development are in those agricultural branches in which stock of their products totalled most comparable weight as it is in stock-raising. The article analyzed regional differences of stock-raising ecological farms and possibilities of development of alternative activities. The most important is education of ecological life style in the early age.

This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.

This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.

For economic science HC concept is known for at least the last fifty years in the works of Schultz (1964), Becker (1962), when such issues as productivity and effectiveness of individual were touched. Therefore, in the current economic theories it is also very important to recognize the role of human capital and its management necessity, to understand the HC formation and application as a manageable process, which you need knowing well both in micro and in macro level. Evaluation of HC in macro level should include not only direct HC evaluation, but environmental evaluation as well. There must be evaluated not only the formal value of HC, but also the material, economical, social, environmental conditions, determining its appliance productivity and the need of systematic approach to HC. HC system evaluation framework in country level consists of a number of social and economic indicators, which depending on their size and system performance are expressed in various sizes of absolute or relative indicators. The integration of these indicators into a single one, form an integrated index. For various phenomena to investigate and analyze in practice, the index method is used often, which helps to reveal the links and the structure between the researched phenomena (Human Development Index (Human development report 2011), the index of Genuine Wealth Assessment (Genuine Wealth Assessment (2012), and so on.). [.]

For economic science HC concept is known for at least the last fifty years in the works of Schultz (1964), Becker (1962), when such issues as productivity and effectiveness of individual were touched. Therefore, in the current economic theories it is also very important to recognize the role of human capital and its management necessity, to understand the HC formation and application as a manageable process, which you need knowing well both in micro and in macro level. Evaluation of HC in macro level should include not only direct HC evaluation, but environmental evaluation as well. There must be evaluated not only the formal value of HC, but also the material, economical, social, environmental conditions, determining its appliance productivity and the need of systematic approach to HC. HC system evaluation framework in country level consists of a number of social and economic indicators, which depending on their size and system performance are expressed in various sizes of absolute or relative indicators. The integration of these indicators into a single one, form an integrated index. For various phenomena to investigate and analyze in practice, the index method is used often, which helps to reveal the links and the structure between the researched phenomena (Human Development Index (Human development report 2011), the index of Genuine Wealth Assessment (Genuine Wealth Assessment (2012), and so on.). [.]

For economic science HC concept is known for at least the last fifty years in the works of Schultz (1964), Becker (1962), when such issues as productivity and effectiveness of individual were touched. Therefore, in the current economic theories it is also very important to recognize the role of human capital and its management necessity, to understand the HC formation and application as a manageable process, which you need knowing well both in micro and in macro level. Evaluation of HC in macro level should include not only direct HC evaluation, but environmental evaluation as well. There must be evaluated not only the formal value of HC, but also the material, economical, social, environmental conditions, determining its appliance productivity and the need of systematic approach to HC. HC system evaluation framework in country level consists of a number of social and economic indicators, which depending on their size and system performance are expressed in various sizes of absolute or relative indicators. The integration of these indicators into a single one, form an integrated index. For various phenomena to investigate and analyze in practice, the index method is used often, which helps to reveal the links and the structure between the researched phenomena (Human Development Index (Human development report 2011), the index of Genuine Wealth Assessment (Genuine Wealth Assessment (2012), and so on.). [.]

For economic science HC concept is known for at least the last fifty years in the works of Schultz (1964), Becker (1962), when such issues as productivity and effectiveness of individual were touched. Therefore, in the current economic theories it is also very important to recognize the role of human capital and its management necessity, to understand the HC formation and application as a manageable process, which you need knowing well both in micro and in macro level. Evaluation of HC in macro level should include not only direct HC evaluation, but environmental evaluation as well. There must be evaluated not only the formal value of HC, but also the material, economical, social, environmental conditions, determining its appliance productivity and the need of systematic approach to HC. HC system evaluation framework in country level consists of a number of social and economic indicators, which depending on their size and system performance are expressed in various sizes of absolute or relative indicators. The integration of these indicators into a single one, form an integrated index. For various phenomena to investigate and analyze in practice, the index method is used often, which helps to reveal the links and the structure between the researched phenomena (Human Development Index (Human development report 2011), the index of Genuine Wealth Assessment (Genuine Wealth Assessment (2012), and so on.). [.]

Progress indication, as a result of development, is very important topic for nowadays economists and economy as science. Existing indicators are being criticized for not matching the definition of real country progress and newly created are too simple or too complex to reflect phenomena of development. For this reason, the main topic and problem of this work is what do we mean by the word group "country development", what compounds it and finally when we realize it, how can we measure it. In the first part of this work the definition of development and progress is being analyzed. The change of development phenomena during the time, there is also showed. The most typical change have been seen in interpretation of development which changed from quantitative to quantitative and qualitative. After a deep investigation in science literature, work shows that development can be traced into progress of four dimensions: economical, social, political and environmental. In the end of this part most popular indicators of progress (used in real life) are being criticized. Work reveals weak parts of such indicators as GDP, Human development indicator (HDI), Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). As all criticism was shown in the first part, authors of this article, on behalf of development or progress (there words are used as synonyms) interpretation – build progress measurement mechanism using most popular indicators such as GDP or HDI, by covering their disadvantages with newly added environment and income distribution factors and adding new dimensions in accordance to the progress interpretation used in analysis. In this way the alternative method of measuring country progress has been created. [.].

Progress indication, as a result of development, is very important topic for nowadays economists and economy as science. Existing indicators are being criticized for not matching the definition of real country progress and newly created are too simple or too complex to reflect phenomena of development. For this reason, the main topic and problem of this work is what do we mean by the word group "country development", what compounds it and finally when we realize it, how can we measure it. In the first part of this work the definition of development and progress is being analyzed. The change of development phenomena during the time, there is also showed. The most typical change have been seen in interpretation of development which changed from quantitative to quantitative and qualitative. After a deep investigation in science literature, work shows that development can be traced into progress of four dimensions: economical, social, political and environmental. In the end of this part most popular indicators of progress (used in real life) are being criticized. Work reveals weak parts of such indicators as GDP, Human development indicator (HDI), Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). As all criticism was shown in the first part, authors of this article, on behalf of development or progress (there words are used as synonyms) interpretation – build progress measurement mechanism using most popular indicators such as GDP or HDI, by covering their disadvantages with newly added environment and income distribution factors and adding new dimensions in accordance to the progress interpretation used in analysis. In this way the alternative method of measuring country progress has been created. [.].

Progress indication, as a result of development, is very important topic for nowadays economists and economy as science. Existing indicators are being criticized for not matching the definition of real country progress and newly created are too simple or too complex to reflect phenomena of development. For this reason, the main topic and problem of this work is what do we mean by the word group "country development", what compounds it and finally when we realize it, how can we measure it. In the first part of this work the definition of development and progress is being analyzed. The change of development phenomena during the time, there is also showed. The most typical change have been seen in interpretation of development which changed from quantitative to quantitative and qualitative. After a deep investigation in science literature, work shows that development can be traced into progress of four dimensions: economical, social, political and environmental. In the end of this part most popular indicators of progress (used in real life) are being criticized. Work reveals weak parts of such indicators as GDP, Human development indicator (HDI), Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). As all criticism was shown in the first part, authors of this article, on behalf of development or progress (there words are used as synonyms) interpretation – build progress measurement mechanism using most popular indicators such as GDP or HDI, by covering their disadvantages with newly added environment and income distribution factors and adding new dimensions in accordance to the progress interpretation used in analysis. In this way the alternative method of measuring country progress has been created. [.].

The relevance of the research: Modern science provides us more and more data about the fact that each living beings existence depends not only on the inherent factors, but also from the environment: natural, social, cultural. Family and school are the two institutions, which form the common purpose – to foster a positive, willing to learn person. The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Education Act, and the Protection of the Rights of the Child and other laws and legislation guarantee the child's right to education. Education for children under 16 years old is compulsory; each of them is with their rights to a free education. However, environmental factors which determine students' reluctance to learn are a sharp problem of our days. New interests appear in teenage years, and they become more stable and stronger. A desire arises to a teenager to know depth of world events, and those areas of life, which is not included in a school program, so their interests do not become coincide with the school.The object of the research is determined factors of students' reluctance to study.The aim of the research is to substantiate in theory and empirically investigate the factors of students' reluctance to study, whose disturb realize the right to education.The methodology of the research: the research was performed by questionnaire survey method. Two semi-closed-type questionnaires were prepared for students and schoolteachers. They include: 1) the demographic cluster, 2) a block of questions designed to explore the factors leading to students' intention/reluctance to learn, 3) unit designed to investigate students' self-assessment and future perspectives, 4) block of the school attendance of students, 5) unit for the examination of relationships between pupils and teachers, 6) questions about the lending assistance to the pupils' realizing their right to education.Pupils of the sixth and ninth forms, learning at general education schools participated in the analysis. On the whole 200 pupils (100 from each class) and 70 teachers were investigated.The hypothesis of the research confirmed, because the right of pupils in schools is not fully implemented because of the environmental factors that determine reluctance to learn.