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The article attempts to analyze theoretically the socio-political phenomenon of «environmental terrorism». Complex of global environmental problems (pollution of air, water, soil, common planetary temperature increase, greenhouse effect, destruction of the ozone layer, large-scale floods, droughts, hurricanes, reduction of biological diversity, scarcity of natural resources, rapid demographic growth, cities crisis, environmental refugees, anthropogenic (man-made) garbage collapse, etc.) correlates with the radicalization of environmental views and the rhetoric of peaceful meetings and pickets of government institutions, corporations and international organizations are being replaced by firing from firearms, laying bombs, arson, namely terrorist acts. In today's world conditions, in the fight for environmental issues solutions, for the right of every person to a clean environment and a fair distribution of resources, environmental views are transformed increasingly into extremism and radicalism, and thus, eco-activists cross the border and become eco-terrorists.The author of the article emphasizes that in the modern scientific space there is a significant lack of research material on the issues of environmental terrorism, which significantly complicates theoretical studying and the search for methodological tools for understanding this socio-political phenomenon. In his search for the keys to understanding of «environmental terrorism», the author turns to the evolution of the environmental movement (which has been developing along two main directions: the institutionalization of the environmental movement and the politicization of the environmental movement) and notes that at some stage of the evolutionary development of the ecological movement, divergences arise in the form of extremism and radicalism of environmental movements, which became the basis of environmental terrorism. Theoretical analysis of the activities of environmental terrorist organizations, including the Deep Green Resistance, the Huntingdon Society for the Suppression of Cruelty to Animals (Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty), the Animal Liberation Front (Animal Liberation Front) and the Earth Liberation Front (Earth Liberation Front), also Earth Above All, Sea Shepherds and others, allows to assert that the increasing feelings of anxiety, helplessness and inevitability of ecological catastrophe on a planetary scale, total disappointment in political institutes and activities of international environmental organizations, «false news and rumors, pseudoscientific beliefs, turned into myths, mad populism, outdated and new group phobias, extremism and all this in hysterically transformational communities is turned into a theoretical basis and a trigger for violence» and becomes «nutritious» substance for the environmental terrorism.Key words: environmental movement, environmental problems, environmental policy, global environmental crisis, extremism and radicalism, environmental terrorism, the risks of today. ; У статті здійснена спроба теоретичного аналізу суспільно-політичного явища «екологічний тероризм». Комплекс глобальних екологічних проблем ХХІ століття корелює з радикалізацією екологічних настроїв, – у боротьбі за вирішення екологічних проблем, за право кожної людини на чисте довкілля і справедливий розподіл ресурсів – відбувається трансформація екологічних поглядів у бік екстремізму та радикалізму, а відтак, все часті екоактивісти перетинають межу загальносвітового абсолюту «цінності людського життя», – і стають екотерористами.Автором статті наголошується, в сучасному науковому просторі відчутний дефіцит дослідницького матеріалу, щодо проблематики екологічного тероризму, що значно ускладнює теоретичні розвідки та пошук методологічного інструментарію до розуміння даного суспільно-політичного явища. У пошуках ключів до розуміння «екологічного тероризму» автор звертається до еволюції екологічного руху (яка відбувалась за двома основними траєкторіями: інституціалізація екологічного руху та політизація екологічного руху) та фіксує, що на певному етапі еволюційного розвитку екологічного руху виникають дивергенції, у вигляді екстремізму та радикалізації екологічного руху, які й стали підґрунтям екологічного тероризму. Теоретичний аналіз діяльність екологічних терористичних організацій дозволяє стверджувати: наростаючі відчуття тривоги, безпорадності та неминучості настання екологічної катастрофи планетарного масштабу, тотальне розчарування в політичних інститутах та діяльності міжнародних екологічних організацій, «псевдонаукові вірування, божевільний популізм, застарілі та нові групові фобії в істеризованих спільнотах перетворюється на теоретичне підґрунтя та рушії насильства», а отже, стають «поживною речовиною» – для екологічного тероризму.Ключові слова: екологічний рух, екологічні проблеми, екологічна політика, глобальна екологічна криза, екстремізм і радикалізм, екологічний тероризм, ризики сучасності. В статье осуществляется попытка теоретического анализа общественно-политического явления «экологический терроризм». Комплекс глобальных экологических проблем ХХІ века коррелирует с радикализацией экологических взглядов, – в борьбе за решение экологических проблем, право каждого человека на чистую окружающую среду и справедливое распределение ресурсов – экологические взгляды трансформируются в сторону экстремизма и радикализма, потому, всё чаще экоактивисты переходять границу общечеловеческого абсолюта «ценности человеческой жизни», – и становятся экотеррористами.Автором статьи акцентируется, в современном научном пространстве существует дефицит исследовательского материала, относительно проблематики экологического терроризма, что значительно усложняет теоретические разведки и поиск методологического инструментария к пониманию данного общественно-политического явления. В поисках ключей к пониманию «экологического терроризма» автор обращается к эволюции экологического движения (которая проходила по двум основним траекториям: институциализация экологического движения и политизация экологического движения) и фиксирует, что на определённом этапе эволюционного развития происходят дивергенции, в виде экстремизма и радикализма экологического движения, которые и стали основанием экологического терроризма. Теоретический анализ деятельности экологических террористических организаций позволяет утверждать: нарастающие чувства тревоги, беспомощности и неизбежности экологической катастрофы планетарного масштаба, тотальное разочарование в политических институтах и деятельности международных экологических организаций, «псевдонаучные верования, сумасшедший популизм, устаревшие и новые групповые фобии в истеризованых общностях превращаются в теоретическое основание и генераторы насилия», становятся «питательной средой» – для экологического терроризма.Ключевые слова: экологическое движение, экологические проблемы, экологическая политика, глобальный экологический кризис, экстремизм и радикализм, экологический терроризм, риски современности. The article attempts to analyze theoretically the socio-political phenomenon of «environmental terrorism». Complex of global environmental problems (pollution of air, water, soil, common planetary temperature increase, greenhouse effect, destruction of the ozone layer, large-scale floods, droughts, hurricanes, reduction of biological diversity, scarcity of natural resources, rapid demographic growth, cities crisis, environmental refugees, anthropogenic (man-made) garbage collapse, etc.) correlates with the radicalization of environmental views and the rhetoric of peaceful meetings and pickets of government institutions, corporations and international organizations are being replaced by firing from firearms, laying bombs, arson, namely terrorist acts. In today's world conditions, in the fight for environmental issues solutions, for the right of every person to a clean environment and a fair distribution of resources, environmental views are transformed increasingly into extremism and radicalism, and thus, eco-activists cross the border and become eco-terrorists.The author of the article emphasizes that in the modern scientific space there is a significant lack of research material on the issues of environmental terrorism, which significantly complicates theoretical studying and the search for methodological tools for understanding this socio-political phenomenon. In his search for the keys to understanding of «environmental terrorism», the author turns to the evolution of the environmental movement (which has been developing along two main directions: the institutionalization of the environmental movement and the politicization of the environmental movement) and notes that at some stage of the evolutionary development of the ecological movement, divergences arise in the form of extremism and radicalism of environmental movements, which became the basis of environmental terrorism. Theoretical analysis of the activities of environmental terrorist organizations, including the Deep Green Resistance, the Huntingdon Society for the Suppression of Cruelty to Animals (Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty), the Animal Liberation Front (Animal Liberation Front) and the Earth Liberation Front (Earth Liberation Front), also Earth Above All, Sea Shepherds and others, allows to assert that the increasing feelings of anxiety, helplessness and inevitability of ecological catastrophe on a planetary scale, total disappointment in political institutes and activities of international environmental organizations, «false news and rumors, pseudoscientific beliefs, turned into myths, mad populism, outdated and new group phobias, extremism and all this in hysterically transformational communities is turned into a theoretical basis and a trigger for violence» and becomes «nutritious» substance for the environmental terrorism.Key words: environmental movement, environmental problems, environmental policy, global environmental crisis, extremism and radicalism, environmental terrorism, the risks of today.

Розглянуто передумови становлення та історичні аспекти розвитку кафедри обліку та оподаткування НУБіП України, проаналізовано основні напрями її діяльності, що стали визначальними у формуванні наукового світогляду студентів. Розкрито зміст базових досліджень науковців, їх вклад у професійне становлення конкурентоспроможних сучасних фахівців з бухгалтерського обліку в умовах навчального процесу. Систематизовано результати науково-дослідної роботи студентів як невід'ємної складової навчального процесу і одного із найважливіших засобів підвищення якості підготовки і виховання фахівців з вищою освітою, професійної компетентності і конкурентоспроможності майбутніх випускників на ринку праці, здатних творчо застосовувати в практичній діяльності наукові досягнення. Окреслено стратегію розвитку кафедри обліку та оподаткування, що спрямована на всебічне оновлення всіх сфер її діяльності, інтенсифікацію навчально-виховного процесу, поглиблення науково-дослідницької роботи зі студентами, зростання кваліфікації майбутніх бухгалтерів і престижу професії.Ключові слова: кафедра обліку та оподаткування, підготовка кадрів, професорсько-викладацький склад, навчально-методична робота, науково-дослідна робота ; The preconditions of formation and historical aspects of development of the accounting and taxation Department of NULES of Ukraine are considered. In particular, it is substantiated that the Department of Accounting and Taxation is leading in the training of specialists in the field of specialty (training direction) "Accounting and Taxation" ("Accounting and Audit"). Periodization of the history at the Department with refinement names (Accounting and Auditing, Accounting, Analysis and Audit) appears as a consistent change at the chronological stages. Its founder-organizer and first head in 1959 became Associate Professor S.M. Rogachenko. With his participation, calculation type of the estimated accounting Plan in the collective farms, which was officially recognized in Ukraine, and subsequently became the all-union, which contributed to the creation of integrated system of Accounting in agriculture instead of an autonomous. Historically, a powerful scholarly school has been formed, aimed at further development of fundamental search and applied research on Accounting, and over time - Audit and Taxation. The emergence, development and enrichment of the academic accounting school coincides with the leadership at the Department of the Doctor of Economics, Professor I.V. Malyshev, who carried out a fundamental scientific research with an impact on the theory of Accounting by substantiating the method of double recording.The content of the basic researches of scientists, their contribution to the professional formation of competitive modern accountants in the conditions of the educational process is revealed. In particular, Professor Kireytsev G. G. prepared 32 Candidates and two Doctors of Economic Sciences (L.V. Gutsalenko, P.L. Suk); carried out scientific research at the most important theoretical socio-economic and scientific and technical problems of Accounting development in Ukraine. The scientist carried out his scientific research in two main areas: theoretical and methodological principles of Accounting development and training of accounting personnel in the system of higher agroeconomic education. The results of scientific research were published in more than 200 scientific and methodological works, among them were monographs, textbooks, manuals. Among the scientific works in the nomination "Monograph in the field of economic knowledge in the direction of: Accounting, Audit and Statistics", in particular the monograph "Globalization of the Economy and the unification of the Accounting methodology" (2008), was recognized as the best one by NAAS of Ukraine. The scientific achievements of the Professor at the Department L.K. Suk are outlined: he has developed the Recommendations of the check form of control of the internal economic calculation, Recommendations of the application of the journal-order form of Accounting, Typical standards for the planning, accounting and calculation of the production (works, services) cost of agricultural enterprises; the imitative accounting and analytical model of reproduction management of long-term biological plant production assets has been formed; in practice, proposals have been approved to reflect and group the costs of their cultivation. 14 candidate dissertations have been defended under scientific guidance of the scientist.The directions of modern researches of leading scientists, which became the decisive factors in forming the scientific outlook of students, were determined. In particular, head of the Department Professor E.V. Kaliuga within the Strategy for the Modernization of the Accounting System in the Public Sector for 2007-2015 (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 34 of 16.01.2007) took a direct part in the elaboration and final editing of national accounting standards drafts (public accounting standards) (forward - NP(S)APS: 122 "Intangible assets", 124 "Revenue", 126 "Rent", 127 "Impairment of assets", 136 "Biological assets", built on the basis of the IPSAS, taking into account the IMF GFSM 2001). E. V. Kalyuga was awarded with gratitude of the Methodological Accounting Board under the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine (2010), with the Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine (2011), with other awards for a significant contribution to the development of Ukraine's Accounting and high professionalism. Effective scientific and methodological work on updating and improving the normative-methodical providing of Accounting and financial reporting was carried out by E.V. Kaliuga in the composition of the Methodological Accounting Council of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine (from 2007 for the next eight years). In scientific researches of Professor E.V. Kaluga theoretical and methodological principles of Accounting in the state sector of Economy, the estate of economic control in Ukraine and directions of its reform are prioritized. Various problematic issues of Accounting, Auditing and Taxation in the conditions of harmonization of domestic Accounting and Control to the requirements of international standards are consistently developed in secured dissertations under the direction of Professor E.V. Kaluga (five Candidates of Economic Sciences have been prepared and defended).The article systematizes the results of research work of students as an integral part of the educational process and one of the most important means to improve the quality of training and education of specialists with higher education, professional competence and competitiveness of future graduates in the labor market, able to creatively apply in practical activities scientific achievements.Significant attention is dedicated to the international activity at the Department, which became an integral part of its evolutionary development. Professors carry out joint research on the problems of the theory and methodology of Accounting with scientists from foreign educational institutions through the preparation of scientific articles, reports for international conferences, postgraduate students for the implementation of dissertation papers; lecturers undergo a scientific-pedagogical internship at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences under a program of scientific exchanges organized by UNESCO (Ph.D., Associate Professor Litvinenko V.S., 2016). The activization of international activity at the Department with the direct participation of students is emphasized. In particular, the American Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), which has more than 80,000 members from 120 countries, has provided six scholarship grants to the most talented Master students: A. Dudnichenko, R. Gorbunenko, V. Chekarev, V. Vovchenko, O. Gnesy and N. Pinchuk. The program provides free training and passing exams to one of the most popular among practitioners international qualifications in managerial Accounting, "Certified Management Accountant (CMA)", and as a result - the acquisition of complex competencies which are necessary for the work of specialists in the field of Accounting, Audit and Taxation or related financial sector at domestic and international companies. Within international cooperation the University Bachelors, Masters and Postgraduate Students of the Department of Accounting and Taxation successfully study abroad at leading universities and study internships at enterprises in Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, USA, gaining experience in European education and innovative knowledge in specialty.The necessity of cooperation not only with foreign ones, but also with domestic scientific and educational institutions is substantiated because the issue of graduate`s employment has special importance for the Department of Accounting and Taxation. The Department's own experience in shaping the bases of passing students' practice and ensuring the employment of graduates is revealed. Range of business and scientific partners are used in full measure, among them are the Research Financial Institute DNNU «Academy of Financial Management», State Audit Office of Ukraine, leading consulting company EBS and others. The need and high value of cooperation with experts-practitioners, representatives of government bodies is confirmed by the cycle of recent meetings.The strategy of Accounting and Taxation Department aimed at the comprehensive updating of all spheres of its activity, the intensification of the educational process, deepening of research work with students, the growth of qualifications of future accountants and the prestige of the profession is outlined. The presented scientific achievements, the developed partnership relations testify that the Department is not just a certain contingent of scientific and pedagogical workers, the place of transfer of their knowledge to the next generation. This, above all, is traditions based on the years and style of study, the motivational atmosphere of scientific knowledge with the involvement of students in this process. At the same time, the new challenges of society development, the current world crisis of education and, finally, the scientific achievements of the Department of Accounting and Taxation require its modern faculty members to formulate and implement new tasks and goals. Among the priorities are identified the search for alternative and rational ways to strengthen positions at the educational field, multiplying and disseminating at the domestic and international levels scientific achievements that would meet modern European challenges, including life-long learning, reorientation of the educational process from traditional ways of transferring existing knowledge to students to development their abilities and innovations, their ability to learn. At the same time, it is important to integrate the directions of educational, research and educational work of students, which must be realized both during studying and outside the educational process. The driving principles of the Department of Accounting and Taxation are defined: combination of the best existing educational traditions of the Department and the experience of domestic and international higher educational institutions; flexibility in responding to existing social changes, creativity and innovation of faculty members.

ON THE ISSUE OF FORMING A NEW AREA OF LAW – ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LAW IN UKRAINE J. KRASNOVA, associate professor,National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of UkraineE-mail: krasnova_yulya@ukr.net Abstract. The article is a theoretical study of the problems of integration and differentiation in envirinmental law by raising the possibility of formation of envirinmental safety law as a separate branch of law. The analysis is carried out on the scientific and legislative approaches regarding the place of envirinmental safety inthe system of envirinmental law. It is substantiatedthat the legal literature does not give a uniform approach to the understanding and role of envirinmental safety in envirinmental law, whilethe national legislation of Ukraine has no proper criteria for the selection of legal relationships in the field of ensuring envirinmental safety into a separate legislative area. According to the major strategic regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine, envirinmental safety is the main principle of natural resource and environmental protection legislation. Based on this approach, proposed is a model of common methodology of envirinmental safety law which consists of defining the subject, methods, principles and system of legal regulation of envirinmental safety, which will systematize the legal norms in this area, which will be useful not only for training and research, but also for systematization of international and national legislation on ensuring envirinmental safety.

Constitutionally guaranteed validity of international treaties, ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the fact that they are appeared to be a part of national legislation determines the relevance of international legal approaches in the development of national environmental legislation. The article analyses the international environmental monitoring regulations in order to implement their provisions into Ukrainian environmental legislation. The authors propose the new ways of the environmental science development and amendments to the national legal regulations in the field of environmental monitoring.

The article investigates European approaches to legal regulation of relations on the implementation of environmental monitoring in order to adapt national environmental legislation to the legislation of the European Union and to eliminate deficiencies and gaps. The purpose of this article is to study the legal nature of environmental monitoring with the help of sources of international environmental law and environmental law of the European Union, cooperation of the countries of the world with the participation of Ukraine.

The objective of this article is making proposals regarding the consideration of European legal and international approaches to the regulation of relations on the implementation of environmental monitoring in the current legislation of Ukraine. In order to improve legal regulation of environmental monitoring in Ukraine, it is suggested to support the adoption of the Law of Ukraine on Environmental Monitoring; to eliminate the fragmentation in the creation of subordinate regulatory mechanism for of environmental monitoring; to continue the research in the field of international environmental law implementation, taking into account European approaches. The methodological basis of the study comprises general scientific and special cognitive methods: formal-logical and logical-semantic methods, a method of system analysis and a method of interpretation of legal norms are used. These methods application contributes d to substantiating proposals for improving the provisions of the current Ukrainian legislation in the field under study.

Today's environmental policy is a complex phenomenon which not only operates on the level of environmental protection, but also has to take into account economic and societal factors. Such interdisciplinarity requires developed theoretical and methodological instruments. There is a variety of scientific papers in Ukraine and abroad which focus on the problems of environmental policy, though most of the researchers tend to use general methodology of social sciences, economics or law, while Ukrainian political science still stands aside.The purpose of the article is to define a certain set of methods to be used for political analysis of environmental policy. Any public policy can be explored on different stages of its realisation: starting from agenda setting and strategy formulation and ending with monitoring and evaluation. This article investigates the methodology for assessing policy efficiency on the stage of implementation and evaluation (results assessment). Comparative (cross-national) analysis is taken as a general scientific approach, since it gives an opportunity to narrow down the subject of a research and investigate similarities and differences of certain political phenomena. While exploring environmental policy as a process, it could be expedient to combine comparative approach with certain empirical methods, such as event analysis, case study and document analysis. Thus, event analysis could be of help if the aim of the research is to define the stages of policy development and institutionalisation, see the connections between certain events in the past and the present and assess policy efficiency in historical context. In turn, case study is a perfect method when it comes to investigation of particular subjects or layers of environmental policy. For example, both the Kyoto protocol and the Aarhus convention are remarkable international agreements (being the basis of current environmental policy), and could be used as indicators for policy efficiency. The investigation of those documents implementation can show what the problems of policy implementation are; what the system of relations between economy and ecology is in a given country; how well the environmental democracy is developed in the society; what the roles of civil society, the government and judicial system are in the environmental decision-making, etc.Environmental policy has its own goals, and to define whether those are reached or not, the researcher might want to analyse policy results. If the welfare of people and the environment is the main purpose of environmental policy, then the parameters which define the condition of those should be explored. There are many different indicators which can be of use, several are considered in this article. Human Development Index (HDI) used by the UNDP is a complex indicator which includes economic, societal and health parameters. HDI is a mediated indicator, yet it shows what the population condition is in the country, and so whether the policy is effective or not. Environmental Performance Index is another relevant indicator which represents the general state of ecosystems and environment in a given country. Apart from the indexes mentioned, there is a set of indicators listed in the Strategy of National Environmental Policy of Ukraine (until the year 2030) which also might be used to assess the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation. ; Стаття являє собою спробу виділити певний комплекс методів, які можуть бути корисними для дослідження особливостей реалізації екологічної політики. Як рекомендації запропоновані такі підходи й методи: порівняльний підхід, івент-аналіз, кейс-стаді, аналіз документів та статистичних даних.

Today's environmental policy is a complex phenomenon which not only operates on the level of environmental protection, but also has to take into account economic and societal factors. Such interdisciplinarity requires developed theoretical and methodological instruments. There is a variety of scientific papers in Ukraine and abroad which focus on the problems of environmental policy, though most of the researchers tend to use general methodology of social sciences, economics or law, while Ukrainian political science still stands aside.The purpose of the article is to define a certain set of methods to be used for political analysis of environmental policy. Any public policy can be explored on different stages of its realisation: starting from agenda setting and strategy formulation and ending with monitoring and evaluation. This article investigates the methodology for assessing policy efficiency on the stage of implementation and evaluation (results assessment). Comparative (cross-national) analysis is taken as a general scientific approach, since it gives an opportunity to narrow down the subject of a research and investigate similarities and differences of certain political phenomena. While exploring environmental policy as a process, it could be expedient to combine comparative approach with certain empirical methods, such as event analysis, case study and document analysis. Thus, event analysis could be of help if the aim of the research is to define the stages of policy development and institutionalisation, see the connections between certain events in the past and the present and assess policy efficiency in historical context. In turn, case study is a perfect method when it comes to investigation of particular subjects or layers of environmental policy. For example, both the Kyoto protocol and the Aarhus convention are remarkable international agreements (being the basis of current environmental policy), and could be used as indicators for policy efficiency. The investigation of those documents implementation can show what the problems of policy implementation are; what the system of relations between economy and ecology is in a given country; how well the environmental democracy is developed in the society; what the roles of civil society, the government and judicial system are in the environmental decision-making, etc.Environmental policy has its own goals, and to define whether those are reached or not, the researcher might want to analyse policy results. If the welfare of people and the environment is the main purpose of environmental policy, then the parameters which define the condition of those should be explored. There are many different indicators which can be of use, several are considered in this article. Human Development Index (HDI) used by the UNDP is a complex indicator which includes economic, societal and health parameters. HDI is a mediated indicator, yet it shows what the population condition is in the country, and so whether the policy is effective or not. Environmental Performance Index is another relevant indicator which represents the general state of ecosystems and environment in a given country. Apart from the indexes mentioned, there is a set of indicators listed in the Strategy of National Environmental Policy of Ukraine (until the year 2030) which also might be used to assess the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation. ; Стаття являє собою спробу виділити певний комплекс методів, які можуть бути корисними для дослідження особливостей реалізації екологічної політики. Як рекомендації запропоновані такі підходи й методи: порівняльний підхід, івент-аналіз, кейс-стаді, аналіз документів та статистичних даних.

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su modernizacijski razvojni procesi u gradu Splitu i uloga ekoloških stavova i percepcija urbanog okoliša u tim procesima. Rad je utemeljen na kombiniranom pristupu proizašlom iz sociologije okoliša i modernizacijskih teorija. Osnovni je postulat suvremene ekološke sociologije, proizašao iz tradicije "nove ekološke paradigme", da se društvo i okoliš ispituju u interakciji, s povratnim vezama između obje razine. Istraživanje se djelomično temeljilo na ovom pristupu, s obzirom da mu je cilj ispitati na koji se način odnose sociokulturne determinante ekoloških stavova i kvaliteta urbanog okoliša. Ovako orijentirano istraživanje ne zadovoljava strogi Durkheimov postulat o tumačenju društvenih činjenica (isključivo) drugim društvenim činjenicama, ali je usklađen s proširenom istraživačkom paradigmom sociologije okoliša koja teži eksplikaciji međusobnih odnosa društvene i okolišne razine. Drugi dio konceptualnog utemeljenja rada odnosi se na teorijske pristupe koji ekološke orijentacije smještaju u širu sociokulturnu matricu društvenih odnosa. U ovoj su tradiciji posebno prominentna tri pristupa: teorija društva rizika, teorija refleksivne modernizacije i Inglehartova teorija modernizacije. Iz ovih su pristupa proizašle brojne studije o odnosu bogatstva, postmaterijalističkih vrijednosnih orijentacija i okolišnih stavova, koje su se odvijale ili na makro razini nacionalnih država ili na mikro razini individualnih stavova. U posljednjih desetak godina istraživanja proizašla iz ove tradicije bilježe veliki napredak zbog konceptualnih poboljšanja, uz koje slijede i važne metodološke inovacije. U skladu s odgovarajućim nacrtima, istraživanja se provode na individualnoj razini, ali se analiziraju i na individualnoj i na agregiranoj razini, što je urodilo sadržajno bogatijim zaključcima nego studije koje su se zadržale na (odvojenoj) mikro ili makro jedinici analize. U radu opisano istraživanje potaknuto je idejom da se istraživanja odnosa okoliša i stavova moraju baviti i entitetima koji se nalaze između ovih dviju razina. Kao odgovarajuća prostorna mezo-razina nametnuo se prostor opsega srednje velikog grada, a kao reprezentativni primjer ovakvog područja izabran je grad Split. Kvaliteta urbanog okoliša je identificirana kao čimbenik koji je od neposrednog značaja za svakodnevni život stanovnika Splita te se očekuje da će imati moderirajući utjecaj na ekološke stavove, uz prije spomenute sociokulturne čimbenike koji proizlaze iz teorija modernizacije. Cilj je istraživanja bio na odgovarajući način izmjeriti kvalitetu urbanog okoliša i potom utvrditi postoji li interakcija između ekoloških stavova, postmaterijalizma i kvalitete okoliša na individualnoj razini, razini gradske četvrti i razini grada Splita. Istraživanjem provedenim na uzorku građanki i građana Splita utvrđeno je da nema empirijske podrške za tezu o prevlasti sociokulturnih determinanti ekoloških stavova u razvijenim društvima. Raširenost ekoloških orijentacija može se bolje objasniti tezom o njihovom općem prihvaćanju među stanovnicima Splita, u skladu s hipotezom o globalizaciji brige za okoliš. Empirijski uočene varijacije u ekološkim stavovima su više povezane sa sociodemografskim karakteristikama i partikularnim elementima modernizacijskog procesa poput političkog sudjelovanja nego sa širokim konceptom postmaterijalizma. Vezu između ekoloških stavova i modernizacijskih tendencija u gradu Splitu moderira kvaliteta okoliša, čiji je utjecaj na navedenu povezanost analiziran na razini gradskih zona. Istraživanje je pokazalo da u različitim zonama grada postoje bitno različiti obrasci povezanosti percepcije okoliša i ekoloških stavova. U pojedinim je dijelovima grada ova povezanost negativna, a u nekim pozitivna, što implicira da se s razlikama u kvaliteti okoliša pojedinih dijelova grada fundamentalno mijenja i struktura ekoloških stavova. Znanstveni je doprinos provedenog istraživanja detaljni opis strukture ekoloških stavova te utvrđivanje obrazaca veza između ekoloških stavova i (post)modernizacijskih vrijednosti, sociodemografskih varijabli i dodatnih čimbenika poput političke participacije na razini grada Splita. Nalaz da u pojedinim dijelovima grada na ekološke stavove djeluju percepcije okoliša u različitim smjerovima i intenzitetima ne bi bilo moguće utvrditi korištenjem samo uobičajenih - mikro ili makro - analitičkih razina i bez ciljanog prikupljanja podataka na razini urbane cjeline. ; Subject of this thesis are the modernization processes in the city of Split, in the context of environmental attitudes and the perception of urban environment in those processes. The thesis is based on the hybrid approach stemming from the environmental sociology and the modernization theories. Furthermore, it is based on the basic assumption of the modern environmental sociology, that society and the environment should be researched interactively, taking into account the links among both levels. The research was partly based on such approach, as its goal was to describe the links between sociocultural determinants of the environmental attitudes and the urban environmental quality. Such research does not fulfill the strict Durkheim's proposal on the explanations of the social facts using (exclusively) other social facts. It is in line, however, with the extended research paradigm of the environmental sociology which aims to make explicit the interrelations between the social and the environmental aspects. The second part of the conceptualization deals with the theoretical approaches which place the ecological orientations into the wider matrix of the social relations. In this tradition, we find three especially prominent approaches: risk society theory, reflexive modernization theory and Ronald Inglehart's version of modernization theory. Many studies analyzing the interrelations between wealth, postmaterialist values and environmental attitudes were based upon these approaches; they were however based either on the macro level of nation states or the micro level of individuals. In the last ten years, conceptual and methodological advances have been made in the environmental attitudes research. In accordance with the appropriate research designs, data has been collected at the individual level, but they are analyzed simultaneously both on the individual and the aggregated level. This has led to the richer conclusions than have been possible in the studies which dealt with the data analyzed separately on the micro and the macro level. The research design described in the following thesis has been motivated by the need to study entities beyond micro and macro levels. Thus, meso level unit in the form of a middle-sized city of Split was chosen. Urban environmental quality was identified as an important factor in the day-to-day lives of the citizens of Split. It is expected that the environmental quality will have a moderating effect in the link between the sociocultural factors and environmental attitudes. Research goal was thus to measure appropriately urban environmental quality and then determine the extent of the interaction between the environmental attitudes, postmaterialism and environmental quality on the 3 levels: individual-, neighborhood- and city-level. Research results, based on the sample of citizens of Split, indicate that there is no empirical support for the hypothesis of sociocultural factors being the most important predictor of environmental attitudes in the developed societies. Variations in environmental orientations are better explained using the globalization hypothesis. In other words, those variations are more closely linked with sociodemographic variables and some particular modernization elements such as political participation, than with a broad postmaterialism concept. The association between the environmental attitudes and the modernization tendencies in Split is moderated by the environmental quality, which was analyzed at the city-zones level. Study results show that there are markedly different patterns of association among the environmental quality perception and the environmental attitudes. The association is negative in some parts of the city, while it is positive in others, implying that differences in environmental quality fundamentally change the structure of environmental attitudes. Scientific contribution of the study is twofold. First, the structure of environmental attitudes is described in detail. Second, the associations in the city of Split among the environmental attitudes, (post)modernization values, sociodemographic variables and additional factors like political participation are disentangled. The main finding - that the perception of environmental quality affects environmental attitudes differently in various city zones - could not be established using only traditional (micro and macro) levels of analysis and without data gathered at the level of the urban settlement.

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su modernizacijski razvojni procesi u gradu Splitu i uloga ekoloških stavova i percepcija urbanog okoliša u tim procesima. Rad je utemeljen na kombiniranom pristupu proizašlom iz sociologije okoliša i modernizacijskih teorija. Osnovni je postulat suvremene ekološke sociologije, proizašao iz tradicije "nove ekološke paradigme", da se društvo i okoliš ispituju u interakciji, s povratnim vezama između obje razine. Istraživanje se djelomično temeljilo na ovom pristupu, s obzirom da mu je cilj ispitati na koji se način odnose sociokulturne determinante ekoloških stavova i kvaliteta urbanog okoliša. Ovako orijentirano istraživanje ne zadovoljava strogi Durkheimov postulat o tumačenju društvenih činjenica (isključivo) drugim društvenim činjenicama, ali je usklađen s proširenom istraživačkom paradigmom sociologije okoliša koja teži eksplikaciji međusobnih odnosa društvene i okolišne razine. Drugi dio konceptualnog utemeljenja rada odnosi se na teorijske pristupe koji ekološke orijentacije smještaju u širu sociokulturnu matricu društvenih odnosa. U ovoj su tradiciji posebno prominentna tri pristupa: teorija društva rizika, teorija refleksivne modernizacije i Inglehartova teorija modernizacije. Iz ovih su pristupa proizašle brojne studije o odnosu bogatstva, postmaterijalističkih vrijednosnih orijentacija i okolišnih stavova, koje su se odvijale ili na makro razini nacionalnih država ili na mikro razini individualnih stavova. U posljednjih desetak godina istraživanja proizašla iz ove tradicije bilježe veliki napredak zbog konceptualnih poboljšanja, uz koje slijede i važne metodološke inovacije. U skladu s odgovarajućim nacrtima, istraživanja se provode na individualnoj razini, ali se analiziraju i na individualnoj i na agregiranoj razini, što je urodilo sadržajno bogatijim zaključcima nego studije koje su se zadržale na (odvojenoj) mikro ili makro jedinici analize. U radu opisano istraživanje potaknuto je idejom da se istraživanja odnosa okoliša i stavova moraju baviti i entitetima koji se nalaze između ovih dviju razina. Kao odgovarajuća prostorna mezo-razina nametnuo se prostor opsega srednje velikog grada, a kao reprezentativni primjer ovakvog područja izabran je grad Split. Kvaliteta urbanog okoliša je identificirana kao čimbenik koji je od neposrednog značaja za svakodnevni život stanovnika Splita te se očekuje da će imati moderirajući utjecaj na ekološke stavove, uz prije spomenute sociokulturne čimbenike koji proizlaze iz teorija modernizacije. Cilj je istraživanja bio na odgovarajući način izmjeriti kvalitetu urbanog okoliša i potom utvrditi postoji li interakcija između ekoloških stavova, postmaterijalizma i kvalitete okoliša na individualnoj razini, razini gradske četvrti i razini grada Splita. Istraživanjem provedenim na uzorku građanki i građana Splita utvrđeno je da nema empirijske podrške za tezu o prevlasti sociokulturnih determinanti ekoloških stavova u razvijenim društvima. Raširenost ekoloških orijentacija može se bolje objasniti tezom o njihovom općem prihvaćanju među stanovnicima Splita, u skladu s hipotezom o globalizaciji brige za okoliš. Empirijski uočene varijacije u ekološkim stavovima su više povezane sa sociodemografskim karakteristikama i partikularnim elementima modernizacijskog procesa poput političkog sudjelovanja nego sa širokim konceptom postmaterijalizma. Vezu između ekoloških stavova i modernizacijskih tendencija u gradu Splitu moderira kvaliteta okoliša, čiji je utjecaj na navedenu povezanost analiziran na razini gradskih zona. Istraživanje je pokazalo da u različitim zonama grada postoje bitno različiti obrasci povezanosti percepcije okoliša i ekoloških stavova. U pojedinim je dijelovima grada ova povezanost negativna, a u nekim pozitivna, što implicira da se s razlikama u kvaliteti okoliša pojedinih dijelova grada fundamentalno mijenja i struktura ekoloških stavova. Znanstveni je doprinos provedenog istraživanja detaljni opis strukture ekoloških stavova te utvrđivanje obrazaca veza između ekoloških stavova i (post)modernizacijskih vrijednosti, sociodemografskih varijabli i dodatnih čimbenika poput političke participacije na razini grada Splita. Nalaz da u pojedinim dijelovima grada na ekološke stavove djeluju percepcije okoliša u različitim smjerovima i intenzitetima ne bi bilo moguće utvrditi korištenjem samo uobičajenih - mikro ili makro - analitičkih razina i bez ciljanog prikupljanja podataka na razini urbane cjeline. ; Subject of this thesis are the modernization processes in the city of Split, in the context of environmental attitudes and the perception of urban environment in those processes. The thesis is based on the hybrid approach stemming from the environmental sociology and the modernization theories. Furthermore, it is based on the basic assumption of the modern environmental sociology, that society and the environment should be researched interactively, taking into account the links among both levels. The research was partly based on such approach, as its goal was to describe the links between sociocultural determinants of the environmental attitudes and the urban environmental quality. Such research does not fulfill the strict Durkheim's proposal on the explanations of the social facts using (exclusively) other social facts. It is in line, however, with the extended research paradigm of the environmental sociology which aims to make explicit the interrelations between the social and the environmental aspects. The second part of the conceptualization deals with the theoretical approaches which place the ecological orientations into the wider matrix of the social relations. In this tradition, we find three especially prominent approaches: risk society theory, reflexive modernization theory and Ronald Inglehart's version of modernization theory. Many studies analyzing the interrelations between wealth, postmaterialist values and environmental attitudes were based upon these approaches; they were however based either on the macro level of nation states or the micro level of individuals. In the last ten years, conceptual and methodological advances have been made in the environmental attitudes research. In accordance with the appropriate research designs, data has been collected at the individual level, but they are analyzed simultaneously both on the individual and the aggregated level. This has led to the richer conclusions than have been possible in the studies which dealt with the data analyzed separately on the micro and the macro level. The research design described in the following thesis has been motivated by the need to study entities beyond micro and macro levels. Thus, meso level unit in the form of a middle-sized city of Split was chosen. Urban environmental quality was identified as an important factor in the day-to-day lives of the citizens of Split. It is expected that the environmental quality will have a moderating effect in the link between the sociocultural factors and environmental attitudes. Research goal was thus to measure appropriately urban environmental quality and then determine the extent of the interaction between the environmental attitudes, postmaterialism and environmental quality on the 3 levels: individual-, neighborhood- and city-level. Research results, based on the sample of citizens of Split, indicate that there is no empirical support for the hypothesis of sociocultural factors being the most important predictor of environmental attitudes in the developed societies. Variations in environmental orientations are better explained using the globalization hypothesis. In other words, those variations are more closely linked with sociodemographic variables and some particular modernization elements such as political participation, than with a broad postmaterialism concept. The association between the environmental attitudes and the modernization tendencies in Split is moderated by the environmental quality, which was analyzed at the city-zones level. Study results show that there are markedly different patterns of association among the environmental quality perception and the environmental attitudes. The association is negative in some parts of the city, while it is positive in others, implying that differences in environmental quality fundamentally change the structure of environmental attitudes. Scientific contribution of the study is twofold. First, the structure of environmental attitudes is described in detail. Second, the associations in the city of Split among the environmental attitudes, (post)modernization values, sociodemographic variables and additional factors like political participation are disentangled. The main finding - that the perception of environmental quality affects environmental attitudes differently in various city zones - could not be established using only traditional (micro and macro) levels of analysis and without data gathered at the level of the urban settlement.

The article dwells on problems of justification of the research methodology of administrative law enforcement in the field of the environmental safety. The selection of appropriate research methods of the specified object is made. The dualistic nature of the research methodology in the field is shown.Various definitions and methodology of jurisprudence are demonstrated and a dual approach to defining the research methodology of the administrative law enforcement in the field of the environmental safety is studied. On the one hand, the research should be based on the methodology that is employed by the legal science, and on the other hand, it should be based on the methodology of the science of the public administration.In fact, for the study of the respective subject and object not all the methods and techniques provided legal science are used, but only those that are necessary for a particular object and subject. In our case, the object of study is the administrative and legal relations of the environmental protection , and the subject of the research is the administrative law enforcement activities in the field of the environmental security, and hence a set of research methods should correspond to the object and method.In the study, the principles and categories of dialectics, the legal methods, the conclusions of science of public administration in general should be used, as well as the regulations of the management activities of the executive authorities, in cases determined by law, the management of the local government that is based on delegated authority. ; В статті розглядаються проблеми обґрунтування методології дослідження адміністративної діяльності правоохоронних органів у сфері екологічної безпеки. Здійснено підбір необхідних методів дослідження вказаного предмету. Показана дуалістична природа методології дослідження в цій сфері.

Formulation of the problem. Trends to deterioration of ecologicenvironmental parameters, weakening the stability of its functioning and increasingrisks of disasters of natural origin, both in the country as a whole and in its individualregions, are evidencing numerous problems in implementing the nationalenvironmental policy of Ukraine and its regulation. This article analyzes thecharacteristics of reforming environmental legislation as an important component andleading directions of the state environmental policy.Analysis of recent researches and publications. Despite the fact that thedevelopment of environmental legislation of Ukraine as a whole and its individualcomponents investigated in the science of environmental law, particularly in thescientific works of V.I. Andreytseva, A.P. Hetmana, Y.S. Shemshuchenko et al.,however, the comprehensive analysis of the problem of reforming the environmentallegislation is not given due attention. First of all, it should be emphasized that in viewof the strengthening of globalization and the integration of Ukraine into the Europeanspace current environmental legislation of Ukraine needs further improvement,because It is important and relevant, but the question of accelerating the process ofbringing the legal framework in the field of environmental protection to the EUlegislation is not researched, but plays an important role in the implementation of thestate environmental policy and ensure its relationship with other sectors of publicpolicy.The main material. One of the most important and controversial issues in thenational environmental and legal doctrine can be considered the definition of"environmental law", which did not receive its legislative confirmation. In turn,because of the integration processes and modern conditions the legal category "StateEnvironmental Policy of Ukraine" characterized by heterogeneity of approaches to itsdefinition. Scientific concepts for its content characteristics are not identical, but as arule, experts have related views on the subject, object and purpose of stateenvironmental policy. Reforming environmental legislation is a complicated process;therefore, a clear plan from the outset is critical. Usually the process involves theadaptation and development of national laws and regulations, integrating the basicprinciples and characteristics of the European Union and the institutional base for thepractical implementation of national legislation. According to the European processof approximation it organized in three stages: transposition, implementation andenforcement (full implementation or technical implementation).Conclusions of the research. Considering the above, the reform ofenvironmental legislation should be seen as a kind of ecological relationships that aretemporary, but the long-term nature; dynamic process; component of the ecologicallegal doctrine; fundamental direction of environmental policy; legal institution. ; Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы юридической природы реформирования экологического законодательства в контексте реализации государственной экологической политики Украины. Особое внимание уделено анализу действующего экологического законодательства, определению понятия, юридических признаков реформирования экологического законодательства и его содержания, обоснованию существования комплексного правового института - обеспечения экологической реформы. Доказываются актуальность и важность реформирования экологического законодательства в процессе формирования современной эколого-правовой доктрины и ее влияния на государственную политику ; Розглянуто актуальні питання юридичної природи реформування екологічного законодавства в контексті реалізації державної екологічної політики України. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу чинного екологічного законодавства, визначенню поняття, юридичних ознак реформування екологічного законодавства та його змісту, обґрунтуванню існування комплексного правового інституту – забезпечення екологічної реформи. Доведено актуальність і важливість реформування екологічного законодавства в процесі формування сучасної еколого-правової доктрини та її впливу на державну політику

Formulation of the problem. Trends to deterioration of ecologicenvironmental parameters, weakening the stability of its functioning and increasingrisks of disasters of natural origin, both in the country as a whole and in its individualregions, are evidencing numerous problems in implementing the nationalenvironmental policy of Ukraine and its regulation. This article analyzes thecharacteristics of reforming environmental legislation as an important component andleading directions of the state environmental policy.Analysis of recent researches and publications. Despite the fact that thedevelopment of environmental legislation of Ukraine as a whole and its individualcomponents investigated in the science of environmental law, particularly in thescientific works of V.I. Andreytseva, A.P. Hetmana, Y.S. Shemshuchenko et al.,however, the comprehensive analysis of the problem of reforming the environmentallegislation is not given due attention. First of all, it should be emphasized that in viewof the strengthening of globalization and the integration of Ukraine into the Europeanspace current environmental legislation of Ukraine needs further improvement,because It is important and relevant, but the question of accelerating the process ofbringing the legal framework in the field of environmental protection to the EUlegislation is not researched, but plays an important role in the implementation of thestate environmental policy and ensure its relationship with other sectors of publicpolicy.The main material. One of the most important and controversial issues in thenational environmental and legal doctrine can be considered the definition of"environmental law", which did not receive its legislative confirmation. In turn,because of the integration processes and modern conditions the legal category "StateEnvironmental Policy of Ukraine" characterized by heterogeneity of approaches to itsdefinition. Scientific concepts for its content characteristics are not identical, but as arule, experts have related views on the subject, object and purpose of stateenvironmental policy. Reforming environmental legislation is a complicated process;therefore, a clear plan from the outset is critical. Usually the process involves theadaptation and development of national laws and regulations, integrating the basicprinciples and characteristics of the European Union and the institutional base for thepractical implementation of national legislation. According to the European processof approximation it organized in three stages: transposition, implementation andenforcement (full implementation or technical implementation).Conclusions of the research. Considering the above, the reform ofenvironmental legislation should be seen as a kind of ecological relationships that aretemporary, but the long-term nature; dynamic process; component of the ecologicallegal doctrine; fundamental direction of environmental policy; legal institution. ; Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы юридической природы реформирования экологического законодательства в контексте реализации государственной экологической политики Украины. Особое внимание уделено анализу действующего экологического законодательства, определению понятия, юридических признаков реформирования экологического законодательства и его содержания, обоснованию существования комплексного правового института - обеспечения экологической реформы. Доказываются актуальность и важность реформирования экологического законодательства в процессе формирования современной эколого-правовой доктрины и ее влияния на государственную политику ; Розглянуто актуальні питання юридичної природи реформування екологічного законодавства в контексті реалізації державної екологічної політики України. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу чинного екологічного законодавства, визначенню поняття, юридичних ознак реформування екологічного законодавства та його змісту, обґрунтуванню існування комплексного правового інституту – забезпечення екологічної реформи. Доведено актуальність і важливість реформування екологічного законодавства в процесі формування сучасної еколого-правової доктрини та її впливу на державну політику

Formulation of the problem. Trends to deterioration of ecologicenvironmental parameters, weakening the stability of its functioning and increasingrisks of disasters of natural origin, both in the country as a whole and in its individualregions, are evidencing numerous problems in implementing the nationalenvironmental policy of Ukraine and its regulation. This article analyzes thecharacteristics of reforming environmental legislation as an important component andleading directions of the state environmental policy.Analysis of recent researches and publications. Despite the fact that thedevelopment of environmental legislation of Ukraine as a whole and its individualcomponents investigated in the science of environmental law, particularly in thescientific works of V.I. Andreytseva, A.P. Hetmana, Y.S. Shemshuchenko et al.,however, the comprehensive analysis of the problem of reforming the environmentallegislation is not given due attention. First of all, it should be emphasized that in viewof the strengthening of globalization and the integration of Ukraine into the Europeanspace current environmental legislation of Ukraine needs further improvement,because It is important and relevant, but the question of accelerating the process ofbringing the legal framework in the field of environmental protection to the EUlegislation is not researched, but plays an important role in the implementation of thestate environmental policy and ensure its relationship with other sectors of publicpolicy.The main material. One of the most important and controversial issues in thenational environmental and legal doctrine can be considered the definition of"environmental law", which did not receive its legislative confirmation. In turn,because of the integration processes and modern conditions the legal category "StateEnvironmental Policy of Ukraine" characterized by heterogeneity of approaches to itsdefinition. Scientific concepts for its content characteristics are not identical, but as arule, experts have related views on the subject, object and purpose of stateenvironmental policy. Reforming environmental legislation is a complicated process;therefore, a clear plan from the outset is critical. Usually the process involves theadaptation and development of national laws and regulations, integrating the basicprinciples and characteristics of the European Union and the institutional base for thepractical implementation of national legislation. According to the European processof approximation it organized in three stages: transposition, implementation andenforcement (full implementation or technical implementation).Conclusions of the research. Considering the above, the reform ofenvironmental legislation should be seen as a kind of ecological relationships that aretemporary, but the long-term nature; dynamic process; component of the ecologicallegal doctrine; fundamental direction of environmental policy; legal institution. ; Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы юридической природы реформирования экологического законодательства в контексте реализации государственной экологической политики Украины. Особое внимание уделено анализу действующего экологического законодательства, определению понятия, юридических признаков реформирования экологического законодательства и его содержания, обоснованию существования комплексного правового института - обеспечения экологической реформы. Доказываются актуальность и важность реформирования экологического законодательства в процессе формирования современной эколого-правовой доктрины и ее влияния на государственную политику ; Розглянуто актуальні питання юридичної природи реформування екологічного законодавства в контексті реалізації державної екологічної політики України. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу чинного екологічного законодавства, визначенню поняття, юридичних ознак реформування екологічного законодавства та його змісту, обґрунтуванню існування комплексного правового інституту – забезпечення екологічної реформи. Доведено актуальність і важливість реформування екологічного законодавства в процесі формування сучасної еколого-правової доктрини та її впливу на державну політику

This article is dedicated to promoting activities of Junior Eco-Clubs in Japan since 1995 – the beginning of the Japan Environment Agency's project «Junior Eco Club» as a non-formal environmental education. The support and the role of the environmental education in the Japanese government legal acts are represented. The fostering of children's awareness on environmental issues, building a sustainable society that will have less environmental stress in the 21st century, and providing support for youth who will be responsible for shouldering the next generations as the main purpose of Junior Eco-Club activities are represented. Club registration, choice of directions, types and forms of eco-clubs activities, the role of coordinators and supporters, logistic support, information about eco-club activities and exchange of success experience between the eco-clubs are shown. Particularly the substances of two main types of environmental activities called «ecological action» and «ecological training» are revealed. The participation of local governments/ municipalities, NGOs, citizens in the promotion of exploration and conservation of nature environment, the effort to foster students' aspiration to participate in environmental activities and to maintain lifestyles with low environmental impact are reported. The role of Japan Environment Association as the national secretariat for the Junior Eco-Club is shown. The article also emphasizes the necessity the communities and authorities support of the outdoor education in Eco-club activities. The article explaines the ways of training supporters, involvement the volunteers with experience in the field of environmental protection and education for children's activity in eco-clubs. The relation between the Junior Eco-club program of the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is deduced. Voluntary work of all project participants is marked. The dynamics of the number of eco-clubs and their members in Japan for the last ...

Problem statement. Nowadays in environmental law science, (as in legal science overall) the term «doctrine» begins to be used widely. However, so far there is no consensus not only on the merits of the latter and its functions, but even on its placement in the system of sources (forms) of law, and, by the way, there is no definite understanding regarding the general direction of development. This, in its turn, causes difficulties in the study of the system of environmental law and its place in the legal system. The topical value of the research. The relevance of the question is due to the theoretical and practical importance of the formation of such legal categories as «natural law doctrine», «environmental law doctrine», which expands the teaching on the essence and contents of environmental law, its interaction with other branches of law and not only legally oriented sciences; the influence on the formation of modern environmental legislation and the experience of its application, interpretation of environmental law regulations, the establishment of the modern state environmental policy of Ukraine. The above-mentioned categories contribute to the creation of juridical and logical model understanding and interpretation environmental relationships and their actual establishment (making law positive, legalization) in the environmental legislation. Recent research and publications analysis. Scientific and theoretical basis of researching the legal category of «doctrine» rests on the works of scientists of prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods in different spheres of scientific knowledge concerning the theoretical models and concepts devoted to the methodological foundations of the legal doctrine, comparative law, theory and philosophy of law, 2 theory of legal consciousness and legal culture, sources of law, such as: S. S. Alekseev, J. G. Berman, M. Y. Baytin, R. David, O. O. Zozulya, M. V. Karmalita, M. I. Kozyubra, M. M. Korkunov, S. I. Maximov, M. E. Machulskaya, V. S. Nersesyants, N. M. Onishchenko, N. M. Parkhomenko, P. M. Rabinovich, I. V. Semenikhin, etc. Also were analyzed the scientific works, which concern approaches to the concept of the so-called «revived natural law», historical and legal aspects of the doctrine development. The development of legal doctrine in the context of environmental law science has been the object of study of such scholars as: V. I. Andreytsev, G. I. Baluk, A. G. Bobkova, A. P. Getman, V. V. Kostytsky, M. V. Krasnova, N. R. Malysheva, V. L. Muntyan, V. V. Nosik, Y. S. Shemshuchenko, M. V. Shulga, G. V. Anisimova, etc. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the place and role of natural law doctrine in the system of environmental law, for the achievement of which it is necessary to solve the following tasks: (a) investigate the scientific approaches to understanding the natural law doctrine, legal doctrine, environmental law doctrine; b) to analyze the content of environmental law doctrine, to single out its features and characteristics; (c) to reveal the special aspects of influence of this (natural law) doctrine on the environmental legal relationship, the law-making process, environmental consciousness of citizens; (d) to outline prospective directions of development of environmental law doctrine and to determine its influence on the state environmental policy taking into consideration European integration. Conclusions of the research. Environmental law doctrine should encourage: a) its use in the law-making process, the drafting of legal acts and their adaptation to European standards; b) the formulation of regulatory definitions, which will gradually turn into an important part of environmentally orientated legal acts; c) developing the Concept of environmental law and legislation progress; g) further codification of environmental legislation; e) the formation of state environmental policy etc. The development of environmental law doctrine should contribute to the regulation of environmental relations, since the former is a dynamic category, capable of 3 addressing environmental public interests and to balance them with private interests, and the needs of society – with personal environmental needs and rights of citizens. ; Статья содержит научно-теоретический анализ вопросов, связанных с использованием эколого-правовой доктрины при правотворчестве, разработке нормативно-правовых актов и адаптации их к европейским стандартам. Эколого-правовая доктрина рассматривается как разновидность отраслевой правовой доктрины, ее системообразующий элемент, теоретико-методологический фундамент правовой системы, источник (форма) экологического права. Автором предпринята попытка исследовать влияние естественно-правовой доктрины на формирование общетеоретических положений науки экологического права, эколого-правовой доктрины, эколого-правовых отношений, определить направления и пути совершенствования государственной экологической политики и законодательства. ; Стаття містить науково-теоретичний аналіз питань, пов'язаних із використанням еколого-правової доктрини у правотворчому процесі, при розробленні нормативно-правових актів та адаптації їх до європейських стандартів. Еколого-правова доктрина розглядається як різновид галузевої правової доктрини, її системоутворюючий елемент, теоретико-методологічний фундамент правової системи, джерело (форма) екологічного права. Зроблено спробу дослідити вплив природно-правової доктрини на формування загальнотеоретичних положень науки екологічного права, еколого-правової доктрини, еколого-правових відносин, визначити напрями та шляхи вдосконалення державної екологічної політики й законодавства.

Problem statement. Nowadays in environmental law science, (as in legal science overall) the term «doctrine» begins to be used widely. However, so far there is no consensus not only on the merits of the latter and its functions, but even on its placement in the system of sources (forms) of law, and, by the way, there is no definite understanding regarding the general direction of development. This, in its turn, causes difficulties in the study of the system of environmental law and its place in the legal system. The topical value of the research. The relevance of the question is due to the theoretical and practical importance of the formation of such legal categories as «natural law doctrine», «environmental law doctrine», which expands the teaching on the essence and contents of environmental law, its interaction with other branches of law and not only legally oriented sciences; the influence on the formation of modern environmental legislation and the experience of its application, interpretation of environmental law regulations, the establishment of the modern state environmental policy of Ukraine. The above-mentioned categories contribute to the creation of juridical and logical model understanding and interpretation environmental relationships and their actual establishment (making law positive, legalization) in the environmental legislation. Recent research and publications analysis. Scientific and theoretical basis of researching the legal category of «doctrine» rests on the works of scientists of prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods in different spheres of scientific knowledge concerning the theoretical models and concepts devoted to the methodological foundations of the legal doctrine, comparative law, theory and philosophy of law, 2 theory of legal consciousness and legal culture, sources of law, such as: S. S. Alekseev, J. G. Berman, M. Y. Baytin, R. David, O. O. Zozulya, M. V. Karmalita, M. I. Kozyubra, M. M. Korkunov, S. I. Maximov, M. E. Machulskaya, V. S. Nersesyants, N. M. Onishchenko, N. M. Parkhomenko, P. M. Rabinovich, I. V. Semenikhin, etc. Also were analyzed the scientific works, which concern approaches to the concept of the so-called «revived natural law», historical and legal aspects of the doctrine development. The development of legal doctrine in the context of environmental law science has been the object of study of such scholars as: V. I. Andreytsev, G. I. Baluk, A. G. Bobkova, A. P. Getman, V. V. Kostytsky, M. V. Krasnova, N. R. Malysheva, V. L. Muntyan, V. V. Nosik, Y. S. Shemshuchenko, M. V. Shulga, G. V. Anisimova, etc. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the place and role of natural law doctrine in the system of environmental law, for the achievement of which it is necessary to solve the following tasks: (a) investigate the scientific approaches to understanding the natural law doctrine, legal doctrine, environmental law doctrine; b) to analyze the content of environmental law doctrine, to single out its features and characteristics; (c) to reveal the special aspects of influence of this (natural law) doctrine on the environmental legal relationship, the law-making process, environmental consciousness of citizens; (d) to outline prospective directions of development of environmental law doctrine and to determine its influence on the state environmental policy taking into consideration European integration. Conclusions of the research. Environmental law doctrine should encourage: a) its use in the law-making process, the drafting of legal acts and their adaptation to European standards; b) the formulation of regulatory definitions, which will gradually turn into an important part of environmentally orientated legal acts; c) developing the Concept of environmental law and legislation progress; g) further codification of environmental legislation; e) the formation of state environmental policy etc. The development of environmental law doctrine should contribute to the regulation of environmental relations, since the former is a dynamic category, capable of 3 addressing environmental public interests and to balance them with private interests, and the needs of society – with personal environmental needs and rights of citizens. ; Статья содержит научно-теоретический анализ вопросов, связанных с использованием эколого-правовой доктрины при правотворчестве, разработке нормативно-правовых актов и адаптации их к европейским стандартам. Эколого-правовая доктрина рассматривается как разновидность отраслевой правовой доктрины, ее системообразующий элемент, теоретико-методологический фундамент правовой системы, источник (форма) экологического права. Автором предпринята попытка исследовать влияние естественно-правовой доктрины на формирование общетеоретических положений науки экологического права, эколого-правовой доктрины, эколого-правовых отношений, определить направления и пути совершенствования государственной экологической политики и законодательства. ; Стаття містить науково-теоретичний аналіз питань, пов'язаних із використанням еколого-правової доктрини у правотворчому процесі, при розробленні нормативно-правових актів та адаптації їх до європейських стандартів. Еколого-правова доктрина розглядається як різновид галузевої правової доктрини, її системоутворюючий елемент, теоретико-методологічний фундамент правової системи, джерело (форма) екологічного права. Зроблено спробу дослідити вплив природно-правової доктрини на формування загальнотеоретичних положень науки екологічного права, еколого-правової доктрини, еколого-правових відносин, визначити напрями та шляхи вдосконалення державної екологічної політики й законодавства.