Suchergebnisse

The Russian Federation has a high degree of the socio-economic differentiation among its regions, which objectively requires large-scale redistribution of funds between them. Intergovernmental transfers are one of the main tools of this redistribution. Other things being equal, an increase in transfers to the region leads to an increase in the unpaid goods' consumption by its residents, which ultimately affects their welfare. Moreover, these changes stimulate interregional migration. Therefore, the resulting change in welfare depends on multiple economic forces. Based on a computable model of general equilibrium with two regions, I assessed the effects of intergovernmental transfers for the Khabarovsk Krai' economy. The specific feature of the model is the behaviour of regional governments, which optimize the regional tax rate and budget expenditures in a non-cooperative game to maximize the utility function of resident households. The latter are completely mobile between regions and consume two types of goods, private and state-provided ones, under given budgetary restrictions. I carried out simulation estimations for two scenarios differing in motivation incentives of households to change their residency. Calculations have shown that a sharp increase (more than twofold) in the federal budget grants may lead to a significant inflow of labour resources to the recipient region, but changes in welfare, wages and per capita household consumption will be minor. The reason is the behaviour of the regional governments, balancing the households' consumer basket by changing the volume of local government spending. Ultimately, the actions of regional authorities seeking to maximize the residents' welfare will result in such changes in tax revenues, which will compensate the increase in households' consumption of the state-provided goods by the decrease in funding of the same goods from the regional budget. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Рассмотрены межбюджетные трансферты. Дана общая характеристика бюджетного федерализма. Представлена динамика структуры доходов и расходов консолидированного бюджета Хабаровского края. Приведено описание и формализация модели общего равновесия с двумя регионами.

This article explores the concept of macroeconomic stability originated from the theory of general economic equilibrium (GEE) by L. Walras. Modern macroeconomic models that do not contradict the GEE, a implement the principles of consistency of micro- and macroeconomic analysis, the interrelation of markets, and the effectiveness of market mechanism. Economic fluctuations generated by shocks are in dialectical unity with the state of equilibrium. The aim of macroeconomic policy is to maintain equilibrium (macroeconomic stability) through inflation targeting and effective public debt management. Within the framework of this policy a number of goals are met including the control over inflationary expectations, strengthening confidence in the central bank, and overcoming inflation. However, low inflation rates can produce liquidity traps, thus causing a need to adjust monetary policy and develop its new instruments. At the same time, the global crises of the 21st century, the Great Recession of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic, prompts to re-evaluate the contradictions between the theoretical concept of equilibrium and the real state of the economy, as well as measures needed to stabilize it during a recession. The policy of overcoming the crisis in 2020 includes large-scale discretionary fiscal and monetary stimulus according to Keynesian recipes, in the absence of which the loss of jobs, closure of enterprises, and lack of financial stability are inevitable. The gap between theory and reality, as it happened during the Great Depression almost a hundred years ago, once again raises the questions of further development of macroeconomics. The article may be of interest to teachers and students interested in the prospects for the development of scientific knowledge in this area.

This article deal with the discussion between F. Hayek and P. Sraffa in the 1930s. This piece of the history of economic thought is not presented in the Russian-speaking literature. The main method is a content analysis. The directions of criticism Hayek's business cycle theory by Sraffa and the response towards is analyzed in the paper. The author compared the opponents' approaches to the essence of the equilibrium, to the savings-investments equality, to the possibility to lose capital as a result of malinvestments, to the role of expectations, and to the natural rate of interest. A version was offered for explaining the ineffectiveness of Hayek's answer to the question on the multiplicity of natural interest rates and the reasons why the barter economy has been perceived as theoretical basis of the Hayekian analysis. It is the inaccurate wording of the natural interest rate and the representation the theory within the framework of the equilibrium paradigm. The findings of the research may be applied to analyze the impact of interest rate regulation on the economic.

Article about the role of equilibrium in regional economic development and regional governance. The author proposes a system of index ratings disparities in socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation.

Advertising in a social network has a number of characteristics that distinguish it from other types of advertising, and which may be of key importance in answering the question about its ability to serve as a signal of quality. In the game-theoretic model presented in this paper, the monopolist sends an advertising signal to bloggers who act as "opinion leaders" in the social network. The latter, in turn, make decisions about posting advertising messages on their blogs, taking into account the impact that this action may have on their reputation. The paper investigates the question of when advertising can serve as a reliable signal of quality in a separating equilibrium.

Based on the hypothesis of uneven distribution of violence potential among economic agents, the paper describes a model of power redistribution as the purposeful manipulation of rules and/or enforcement mechanisms. The author determines the methodological foundations, premises and theoretical framework for the study of institutional interventions as forms of involuntary exchange. The state of violent equilibrium is described: further use of potential power for the interventionist leads to a decrease in legitimacy and increased control costs; the resistance of the object of intervention to the established institutional order causes an increase in the costs of noncompliance. We propose practical applications and perspective directions for further studies of power redistribution in the political and economic process.

The article is about the exogenous concept of institutional recurrence and institutional balance. The institutional cycle is considered as life cycle of socio-economic institutes, as the methodological basis of the institutional analysis for all kinds of economic cycles and processes. The author analyzes mutual conformity of formal and informal institutes at different stages of their cyclic development.

Article on the causes, dynamics of development and institutional forms of economic cycles. We study the institutional patterns associated with the formation, development and completion of economic cycles from the standpoint of an exogenous approach. The author proves the thesis about the relationship of formation of new institutions of economic behavior as a cause of the economic crisis and the formation of new institutions as the primary sign of transition to a new economic cycle. This article is an attempt to prove the relationship of economic and institutional cycling.

The resilience of a political, economic or trade alliances of countries or regions depends significantly on to what extent parties of a union consider their membership as beneficial. Dependent on predominant assessments, there may occur a complete disintegration of multi-regional systems, an expansion or contraction in the composition of participants, and maintenance of the status quo. The intensity of interregional exchange is used as an indicator to measure the degree of the regional integration of economic system. The paper represents the capabilities of the coalition analysis method for estimating the degree of interdependence in the multi-regional economy of the Russian Federation. The authors present an analytical review of the structural and statistical models used for estimating the effects of interregional integration as well as substantiate the choice of the approach. The basis of the coalition analysis is the input-output method and the theory of cooperative games. Moreover, the spatial input-output model of the Russian economy is developed on the methodology of national accounts statistics in terms of federal districts. We use a semi-dynamic version of the optimization multi-regional input-output model (OMIOM) on the statistical database of 2013 for developing the forecast up to 2030. On this basis, a coalition analysis of interregional interaction effects is carried out. The calculations revealed a high degree of regional integration as well as of involvement of the national economy into the world one. Depending on the structure of production and consumption of the federal districts' economies, there are varying capacities to adapt to hypothetical changes in the volume of interregional links. The North-Western, Urals, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts better adapt to the break of interregional links in comparison to the rest of the regions. The Central, North-Caucasian, Southern and Volga districts benefit more of their integration into the multiregional system and of the access to international markets. Prospects for using coalition analysis are associated with the introduction of an equilibrium condition, which will allow us to assess the degree of equivalence of interregional exchange. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ; Представлен аналитический обзор структурных и статистических моделей, применяемых для оценки эффектов межрегиональной интеграции. Предложен коалиционный анализ эффектов межрегиональных взаимодействий.

Article on the use of system analysis methodology for modeling socio-economic pro-cesses. The author justifies the methodological approach, based on dynamic analysis of exogenous processes in economic and social management practices. Particular attention is paid to the use of index indicators adaptive response of socio-economic systems to environmental changes.

The purpose of the study.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms for achieving social stability. In connection with the intended target was defined by a set of tasks:• develop the author's interpretation of the concept of social stability;• to identify the factors of social stability;• identify ways to achieve social stability. Research methods.Methodological basis of research became the method of system analysis and the logical and historical approaches to public processes. The results of the study. In the course of the study were obtained the following results:• the author's interpretation of the concept of social stability; • the factors that contribute to social stability;• identified ways that achieve social stability. Conclusion.Typical of the last years a radical change in Russian institutional framework led to the rise of the new social groups and relations. Global reforms in politics and Economics led to a severe crisis, a significant reduction in citizens ' standard of living, the escalation of tensions in public life. This indicates the need to identify the instrumental functions of social stability in the transformations of the Russian society, in resolving the problem of strengthening the demographic, personnel, economic, industrial, social and cultural potential of Russia. In this regard, further study of the conceptual framework and factors of social stability, the search for ways to achieve it are a crucial aspect of national security. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty of the work is:• create the author's formulation of the concept of "social stability", which is understood as a special condition of the public social systems. It opens opportunities for functioning and development, which are implemented based on the dynamic equilibrium of the main parameters of these systems.• definition of social stability as an integral phenomenon, which includes criminal, moral, civil, military, political, financial, economic, and social factors;• in the development of proposals aimed at achieving social stability in Russian society. ; Цель исследования. Цель исследования заключается в комплексном анализе механизмов достижения социальной стабильности. В связи с намеченной целью был определен комплекс задач:разработать авторскую трактовку понятия социальной стабильности;выявить факторы социальной стабильности;определить способы достижения социальной стабильности.Методы исследования. Методологической основой исследования стал метод системного анализа, а также логический и исторический подходы к общественным процессам.Результаты исследования. В процессе исследования были получены следующие результаты:разработана авторская трактовка понятия социальной стабильности;выявлены факторы, способствующие социальной стабильности;определены способы, обеспечивающие достижение социальной стабильности.Заключение. Характерное для последних лет радикальное изменение российских институциональных основ обусловило активизацию новых социальных групп и правоотношений. Глобальные реформы в сфере политики и экономики привели к тяжелым кризисным явлениям, существенному снижению уровня жизни граждан, эскалации напряженности в общественной жизни. Это свидетельствует о необходимости выявления инструментальной функции социальной стабильности в преобразованиях российского общества, в разрешении проблемы укрепления демографического, кадрового, экономического, промышленного, социально-культурного потенциала России. В этой связи дальнейшее исследование понятийного аппарата и факторов социальной стабильности, поиск путей для ее достижения представляют собой важнейший аспект обеспечения национальной безопасности.Научная новизна. Научная новизна работы заключается:в создании авторской формулировки понятия «социальная стабильность», под которой понимается особое состояние общественных социальных систем. Оно открывает возможности для функционирования и развития, которые реализуются на основе динамического равновесия основных параметров этих систем.в определении социальной стабильности как интегрального феномена, включающего уголовный, нравственный, гражданско-правовой, военный, политический, финансово-экономический, социальный факторы;в разработке предложений, направленных на достижение социальной стабильности в российском обществе.