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Scientists and managers have largely abandoned classic models that assume natural systems are in equilibrium and recognize the importance of understanding interactions between, and among, biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems, and how these interactions lead to complexities that should be factored into natural resource management decisions. Even though the existence of ecological thresholds is becoming increasingly apparent, this has not been followed by its widespread adoption and incorporation into management decisions and goals. The ability to move from theory to application and make threshold concepts a problem solving tool for natural resource management remains a daunting challenge. This book addresses this challenge and shows how threshold concepts can be integrated into conservation and land management decision making.

Estimating the economic returns to public science investments has been a key topic in economics. However, while in particular microeconomic approaches have been proposed, only a few studies have tried estimating the macroeconomic effects of public science investments. In this paper, we propose a micro-rooted macro-modelling framework, which combines the strength of an econo-metric causal identification of key effects with the power of a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework, and provides additional economic structure of the estimates allowing us a fine-grained sectoral differentiation of all effects. Applying our approach to the German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the world's largest publicly funded organization for applied research, we show that macroeconomic returns are - irrespective of econometric specification - a high multitude of the original investment costs. In specific, the activities by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft increase German GDP by 1.6% and employment by 437,000 jobs. Our CGE analysis further shows that the effects concentrate in chem-icals, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles and machinery sectors. The substantial size of our estimated effects corroborate recent macroeconomic evidence on the social returns to innovation.

Introduction: relocation, a racial obsession -- Section I. The reach of American racism? -- Racism and anti-racism -- The ballad of Frankie Seto: winning despite the odds -- Chinese and European origins of the coast alien dilemma -- Impact of World War II: a multicusal brief -- The lagging backlash -- The looming Roberts Report -- Races and racism -- Section II. Concentration camps or relocation centers? -- Definitions versus historical reality: concentration camps in Cuba, South Africa, the Philippines -- Resistance or cooperation? -- Bowling in Twin Falls: an open-door leave policy -- Daily life: food, labor, sickness, and health -- Wartime attitudes toward relocation -- Family life, personal freedom, and combat fatigue -- Economics and the dust of Nikkei memory -- Consumerism: shopping at Sears -- The leisure revolution: Mary Kagoyama, the sweetheart of Manzanar -- Of horse stalls and modern memory-housing and living conditions -- Politics -- Culture: of judo and the jive bombers -- Freedom of religion -- Education, the passion of Dillon Myer -- The right to know, information and the free flow of ideas -- Administrators and administration -- Section III. The demise of relocation -- Politics of equilibrium-friends enemies on and the outside -- Endgame: termination of the centers -- Conclusion: the place of race

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Sample Course Outlines -- PART I: THE CONTEXT FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS -- 0 MICROECONOMICS AND WELL-BEING -- 1 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN CONTEXT -- 1. OUR STARTING POINT -- 2. THE GOALS OF AN ECONOMY -- 2.1 INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL GOALS -- 2.2 TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC GOALS -- 2.3 COMPONENTS OF WELL-BEING -- 2.4 ECONOMICS AND WELL-BEING -- 3. THE ISSUES THAT DEFINE ECONOMICS -- 3.1 THE FOUR ESSENTIAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES -- 3.2 THE THREE BASIC ECONOMIC QUESTIONS -- 4. ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS -- 4.1 SOCIETY'S PRODUCTION-POSSIBILITIES FRONTIER -- 4.2 TRADEOFFS OVERTIME -- 5. MICROECONOMICS IN CONTEXT -- 5.1 THE TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC MODEL -- 5.2 THE CONTEXTUAL APPROACH -- 2.MARKETS AND SOCIETY -- 1. THE THREE SPHERES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY -- 1.1 THE CORE SPHERE -- 1.2 THE PUBLIC PURPOSE SPHERE -- 1.3 THE BUSINESS SPHERE -- 1.4 THE SIZE OF THE THREE SPHERES -- 1.5 THE INFORMAL SPHERE AND LESS INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES -- 2. THE ROLE OF MARKETS -- 2.1 THREE DEFINITIONS OF MARKETS -- 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MARKETS -- 3. TYPES OF MARKETS -- 3.1 MARKETS DEFINED BY WHAT IS SOLD -- 3.2 MARKETS DEFINED BY HOW PRICES ARE DETERMINED -- 4. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF MARKETS -- 4.1 OVERVIEW OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MARKETS -- 4.2 ASSESSING MARKET OUTCOMES -- PART II: BASIC ECONOMIC ANALYSIS -- 3 SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROECONOMIC MARKET MODEL -- 2. THE THEORY OF SUPPLY -- 2.1 THE SUPPLY SCHEDULE AND SUPPLY CURVE -- 2.2 CHANGES IN SUPPLY -- 2.3 NONPRICE DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY -- 3. THE THEORY OF DEMAND -- 3.1 THE DEMAND SCHEDULE AND DEMAND CURVE -- 3.2 CHANGES IN DEMAND -- 3.3 NONPRICE DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND -- 4. THE THEORY OF MARKET ADJUSTMENT -- 4.1 SURPLUS, SHORTAGE, AND EQUILIBRIUM

This report contributes to the discussion of interconnections between scarce resources by highlighting the nexus between land, water and energy (the LWE nexus). It focuses on a dynamic, integrated, and disaggregated analysis of how land, water and energy interact in the biophysical and economic systems. The report provides projections for the biophysical and economic consequences of nexus bottlenecks until 2060, highlighting that while the LWE nexus is essentially local, there can be significant large-scale repercussions in vulnerable regions, notably on forest cover and in terms of food and water security. The analysis is based on coupling a gridded biophysical systems model with a multi-regional, multi-sectoral dynamic general equilibrium modelling assessment. Numerical insights are provided by investigating a carefully selected set of scenarios that are designed to illustrate the key bottlenecks: one scenario for each resource bottleneck, plus two scenarios that combine all bottlenecks, with and without an overlay of climate change.

Preface and Introduction -- Preface to the Second Edition -- I. The Basic Concepts of Linear Models -- 1.1. Economic Equation Systems -- 1.2. Some Conventions of Notation -- 1.3. The Basic Block-Equation -- 1.4. Some Types of Relations -- 1.5. The Nature of Stochastic Relations -- 1.6. Instruments, Target-Variables and Data -- 1.7. The Conditional Forecast -- 1.8. The Reduced Form -- 1.9. Subsystems -- II. The Short-term Forecasting Model -- 2.1. What is' short-Term'? -- 2.2. An Example of a Short-Term Model -- 2.3. Linear Approximation -- 2.4. Production, Income and its Distribution -- 2.5. The Institutional Relations -- 2.6. The Demand for Production Factors -- 2.7. The Consumption Function -- 2.8. The Demand for Investment Goods -- 2.9. The Demand for Inventories -- 2.10. The Price Equations -- 2.11. Supply and Demand -- 2.12. Capacity -- 2.13. Built-in Stabilizers -- 2.14. The Use of Percentage Increments -- 2.15. Summary of the Short-Term Forecasting Model -- III. The (Static) Input-Output Model -- 3.1. Use of the Input-Output Model -- 3.2. The Input-Output Table -- 3.3. The Input-Output Production Model -- 3.4. The Matrix Formulae -- 3.5. Cumulative Input-Output Coefficients -- 3.6. Allocation under Capacity Limits -- 3.7. Artificial Sectors -- 3.8. The Input-Output Costing Model -- 3.9. Units of Measurement -- 3.10. The Requirements of Productiveness -- 3.11. The Generalized Input-Output Model -- 3.12. Regional Input-Output Models -- 3.13. History of Input-Output Analysis -- IV. Some Building Stones of Sectorized Models -- 4.1. The Extended Input-Output Model -- 4.2. Average and Marginal Input Coefficients -- 4.3. Stone's Linear Expenditure System -- 4.4. Price-Based Substitution in Input-Output Models -- 4.5. An Input-Output System with Substitution and Technical Progress -- 4.6. Unequal Lags -- V. Capital-Output Ratios -- 5.1. The Harrod-Domar Model -- 5.2. Those Awful Data -- 5.3. The Role of Technical Innovation -- 5.4. The Computation of Capital-Output Ratios -- 5.5. In Defence of the Gross Ratio -- VI. The Dynamics of Economic Growth -- 6.1. The Dynamic Input-Output Model -- 6.2. The Accelerator Model -- 6.3. The Quasi-Static Model -- 6.4. The National Plan -- VII. Dynamic Adjustment Models and their Convergence -- 7.1. The Dichotomy -- 7.2. The Causal Chain -- 7.3. The Cumulative Forecast -- 7.4. The Long-Run Equilibrium -- 7.5. The Problem of Stability -- 7.6. The' simple' Long-Term Model -- VIII. Forecast and Policy -- 8.1. Data and Instruments -- 8.2. The Policy Programming Problem -- 8.3. Tinbergen's Method of Instruments and Targets -- 8.4. Theil's Quadratic Programming Approach -- List of some of the Tables and the Examples to which they belong.

Chapter 1. Geodemographics and urban planning analysis: an historical review -- Chapter 2. When is Competition Between Cities for Members of the Creative Class Efficient? -- Chapter 3. Revisiting Marshallian versus Walrasian Stability in an Experimental Market -- Chapter 4. Analysis of spatial economic system and adaptive transportation policy for regional welfare improve-ment -- Chapter 5. Effects of nominating an area as the candidate place of a new NIMBY facility: A consideration -- Chapter 6. On the Existence and Sustainability of Long-standing Japanese Shinise Firms -- Chapter 7. The Formation Process and Logic of the Spin-off Governance Mode: A Case Analysis of the Morimura Zaibatsu -- Chapter 8. Dynamic Model of Urbanization with Public Goods◆ -- Chapter 9. Optimal Openness -- Chapter 10. Settlement and Migration Patterns of Immigrants by Visa Class in Australia -- Chapter 11. CULTURE AND THE CITY – AN APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS TO CULTURAL PERFORMANCE -- Chapter 12. Government Intervention in Real Estate Market: Is Tax Reform Effective in Seoul Housing Market? -- Chapter 13. The Economic Effects on Regional Australia of RUN-member Universities -- Chapter 14. Financial literacy and Consumer Debt: An Empirical Analysis Based on the CHFS Data -- Chapter 15. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Regional Economies through Japan's Fruit Tree Production Changes: Evidence from Panel Data and Spatial CGE Models -- Chapter 16. Economic Value of Coral Reefs in Palau -- Chapter 17. International Trade in Environmental Goods and Environmental Regulation in the Presence of Lobbying" -- Chapter 18. A Test for the Herfindahl Index -- Chapter 19. Risk Culture - Comparative Analysis of Risk Management -- Chapter 20. "What is our study of risk for? The case of the Japanese "Go To campaign" -- Chapter 21. The Sales Channel of Life Insurance and Relationship Marketing -- Chapter 22. Differences in State Level Impacts of Covid-19 Policies -- Chapter 23. "Integrating the Internal and External Structure of Metropolitan Economies: Some Initial Explorations" -- Chapter 24. Negative exponential land price function and impacts of sale and deemed tax on the city development: Analysis with an alternative to Alonso-Muth model in the dynamic content.

The manufacturing industry is facing the challenges of shifting its operations from the traditional factory integration philosophy to a supply chain based e-factory philosophy, and of transforming the focus of companies from the local factory to global enterprise and business. Innovative Tools for Business Coalitions in B2B Applications presents a set of innovative methodologies that can be used to face all the issues that stem from the interaction of customers and suppliers in an e-marketplace environment.The first methodology discussed is multi-agent architecture and this forms the basis of a simulation environment developed in order to test the proposed models. The second concerns a bargaining model based on the negotiation mechanism and the third centers on production planning to support agents during the bargaining phase. The fourth is the possibility of a coalition between the suppliers and the authors offer a choice of two different approaches. One is the application of Nash equilibrium to select the members of a potential coalition of sellers, while the other is a centralized approach with a profit sharing mechanism based on the Shapley value. All the innovative approaches reported in Innovative Tools for Business Coalitions in B2B Applications have been statistically tested in different market conditions.The methodologies, approaches and results presented in Innovative Tools for Business Coalitions in B2B Applications will be of interest to PhD students, operations managers and supply chain management researchers who develop value-added services for an e-marketplace in a business-to-business environment.

1. Introduction and overview / Robert M. Stern -- pt. I. Globalization. 2. What the public should know about globalization and the World Trade Organization / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 3. Globalization's bystanders : does trade liberalization hurt countries that do not participate? / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 4. Global market integration and national sovereignty / Andrew G. Brown and Robert M. Stern. 5. Concepts of fairness in the global trading system / Andrew G. Brown and Robert M. Stern -- pt. II. Analysis of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements. 6. Multilateral trade negotiations and preferential trading arrangements / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 7. An overview of the modeling of the choices and consequences of U.S. trade policies / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 8. Issues of manufactures liberalization and administered protection in the Doha Round / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 9. An assessment of the economic effects of the menu of U.S. trade policies / Kozo Kiyota and Robert M. Stern. 10. Trade diversion under NAFTA / Kyoji Fukao, Toshihiro Okubo and Robert M. Stern. 11. Some economic effects of the Free Trade Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 12. A North American Free Trade Agreement : analytical issues and a computational assessment / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 13. Computable general equilibrium estimates of the gains from US-Canadian trade liberalization / Drusilla K. Brown and Robert M. Stern. 14. The effects of the Tokyo Round on the structure of protection / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern -- pt. III. Services trade. 15. Empirical analysis of barriers to international services transactions and the consequences of liberalization / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern -- pt. IV. International trade and labor standards. 16. Pros and cons of linking trade and labor standards / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 17. The effects of multinational production on wages and working conditions in developing countries / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 18. U.S. Trade and other policy options and programs to deter foreign exploitation of child labor / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 19. Labor standards and international trade / Robert M. Stern.

Chapter 1. India Gets through the Waves of the Pandemic: Public Policies and Self-Care Interventions on Health at the Crossroads -- Chapter 2. Sustainable Green Resilience and Globalization or De-Globalization in a Post-COVID World -- Chapter 3. Income Insecurity, GDP and the Future of Human Development: An Analysis for COVID-19 Period -- Chapter 4. Impact of COVID-19 and Responses to It: A Comparative Study of SAARC Countries in Light of Global Experiences -- Chapter 5.The COVID-19 Pandemic and Socio-spatial Inequality: A Study from the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -- Chapter 6. Women in Pandemic: The Realities of the COVID-19 in the Darjeeling Himalayan Region -- Chapter 7. Exacerbated Digital Education Divide and the Marginalized: Experiences from India -- Chapter 8. Human Resource Management during the Pandemic Period: Emerging Challenges for the Public Sector Employees in India -- Chapter 9. Pandemic Outbreak and the Future of Poverty and Inequality Scenario: Indian Perspective -- Chapter 10. Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Development Dynamics in India: Lesson from Recent Pandemic -- Chapter 11. Mapping linkages between the Agriculture sector, Informal economy and Inequality amid Pandemic -- Chapter 12. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Informal Labour Market in India -- Chapter 13. New Pandemic in India: Emerging Challenges to Governance and Responses to Overcome -- Chapter 14. Employment Dynamics and Labour Mobility amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Critical Appraisal of ILO Recommendations. Chapter 15. India's Tryst with the Second Wave of COVID-19: Politics and Policies at the Crossroads -- Chapter 16. Beekeeping Livelihood at Stake amidst the Pandemic Outbreaks: A Study on the Migratory Beekeepers in West Bengal -- Chapter 17. Struggle of Apiculture Sector in West Bengal, India during COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysing the Demand and Supply Sides -- Chapter 18. The Importance of Public Expenditure on Crop Production and Exports in India: An Econometric Analysis in the Pandemic Trapped Era -- Chapter 19. A Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on Indian MSMEs -- Chapter 20. Indian Tourism Sector Under Siege of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- Chapter 21. Invasion of the Pandemic in Indian Economy and the Government: A General Equilibrium Approach -- Chapter 22. Rural Livelihood Options during the Pandemic in India: Finding Avenues for Revival -- Chapter 23. COVID-19 and Lockdown: Key Constraints & Surviving Strategies for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) -- Chapter 24. Where Classical Ends, Keynes Proceeds: Arguments under the Perspective of Reviving India from the Impact of COVID-19.

How generational policy affects the sustainability of a government's fiscal policy.In these eight 2002 Cairoli Lectures, presented at the Universidad Torcuato di Tella in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Laurence Kotlikoff shows how generational policy works, how it is measured, and how much it matters. Kotlikoff discusses the incidence and measurement of generational policy, the relationship of generational policy to monetary policy, and the vacuity of deficits, taxes, and transfer payments as economic measures of fiscal policy. Kotlikoff also illustrates generational policy's general equilibrium effects with a dynamic life-cycle simulation model and reviews the empirical evidence testing intergenerational altruism and risk sharing. The lectures were delivered as Argentina faced a devastating depression triggered, in large part, by unsustainable generational policy. Throughout the book, Kotlikoff connects his messages about generational policy to the Argentine situation and the Argentine government's policy mistakes.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- EDITORS' INTRODUCTION -- PART I. WHY HISTORY MATTERS: PATH DEPENDENCE AND ECONOMIC THOUGHT -- 1. PATH DEPENDENCE AND COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM -- 2. PATH DEPENDENCE AND RESWITCHING IN A MODEL OF MULTl-TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION -- 3. PATH DEPENDENCE, NETWORK FORM, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- 4. THE TENSION BETWEEN STRONG HISTORY AND STRONG ECONOMICS -- PART II. PATH DEPENDENCE IN PRACTICE -- 5. FINANCIAL HISTORY AND THE LONG REACH OF THE SECOND THIRTY-YEARS' WAR -- 6. PATH DEPENDENCE IN ACTION: THE ADOPTION AND PERSISTENCE OF THE KOREAN MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- 7. CONTINUING CONFUSION: ENTRY PRICES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS -- 8. AFTER THE WAR BOOM: RECONVERSION ON THE PACIFIC COAST, 1943-1949 -- 9. STANDARDIZATION, DIVERSITY, AND LEARNING IN CHINA'S NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM -- PART III. CONTEXT MATTERS: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE, GEOGRAPHY, AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ON ECONOMIES AND POLICIES -- 10. INCENTIVES, INFORMATION, AND WELFARE: ENGLAND'S NEW POOR LAW AND THE WORKHOUSE TEST -- 11. FAMILY MATTERS: THE LIFE-CYCLE TRANSITION AND THE ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN FERTILITY DECLINE -- 12. BUILDING "UNIVERSAL SERVICE" IN THE EARLY BELL SYSTEM: THE COEVOLUTION OF REGIONAL URBAN SYSTEMS AND LONGDISTANCE TELEPHONE NETWORKS -- 13. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION FOR TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS: DOES NATIONAL OWNERSHIP MATTER? -- PART IV. EVIDENCE MATTERS: MEASURING HISTORICAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE -- 14. CONJECTURAL ESTIMATES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE LOWER SOUTH, 1720 TO 1800 -- 15. THE VALUE-ADDED APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH -- 16. A USER'S GUIDE TO THE JOYS AND PITFALLS OF COHORT PARITY ANALYSIS -- 17. STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION MODELS WITH RANDOM EFFECTS IN PARAMETERS: AN APPLICATION TO AGE AT MARRIAGE AND LIFE -CYCLE FERTILITY CONTROL IN FRANCE UNDER THE OLD REGIME -- NOTES AND REFERENCES

This book provides a new way of understanding modern money and markets by stressing their self-fulfilling/self-destructive properties as institutions from evolutionary perspectives. In contrast to an unrealistic view of the neoclassical general equilibrium theory that models the price mechanism of a "concentrated market" without using money, presented here is an alternative theory of markets on how a realistic "dispersive market" using a stock of money and inventory as buffers can work as a multilayered price-quantitative adjustment system. The central features of modern sovereign moneys seen in inconvertible IOUs of central banknotes can be depicted as "The Emperor's New Clothes" that correspond to the U.S. dollar and the Euro void of their own value. The image captures such characteristics of national currencies as "self-fulfilling ideas" by the inertia of conventions in the past and expectations of an uncertain future. Both ideas normally make money more acceptable and circulative so that its value can become more stable unless expectations for the future turn very pessimistic. The same logic also applies to such other currencies as Bitcoin and community currencies. Their recent diffusion has shown that Hayek's idea of denationalization of money and competition between multiple currencies in terms of its qualities, not its quantities sought as in ongoing quantitative easing, become more relevant under current situations. The qualities of money refer not only to stable monetary values and low transaction costs, but also to high ability in creating, sharing, and communicating social and cultural value. The potential of the logic of self-fulfillment of ideas can thus open up a new economic society when we realize that such various non-national currencies all depend on the same logic of money

Recommended readings (Machine generated): Robert M. Solow (1957), 'Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function', Review of Economics and Statistics, 39 (3), August, 312-20 -- D.W. Jorgenson and Z. Griliches (1967), 'The Explanation of Productivity Change', Review of Economic Studies, 34 (3), July, 249-83 -- Dale W. Jorgenson and Zvi Griliches (1972), 'Issues in Growth Accounting: A Reply to Edward F. Denison', Survey of Current Business, 52 (5), May, 65-9773 -- System of National Accounts (2008), 'Capital Services and the National Accounts', System of National Accounts 2008, Chapter 20, Published in collaboration with European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and the World Bank, 415-25 -- Richard Stone (1961), 'The Accounting Framework and the Basic Model', and 'The Definition of "Industries" and the Arrangement of Product Flows' in Input-Output and National Accounts, Chapters 1 and 2, Paris, France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 21-32, 33-45 -- Erwin Diewert, Dennis Fixler and Kimberly Zieschang (2012), 'Problems with the Measurement of Banking Services in a National Accounting Framework', Australian School of Business Research Paper, No 2012-Econ 25, 1-60 -- Michael J. Boskin, Ellen Dulberger, Robert J. Gordon, Zvi Griliches and Dale Jorgenson (1998), 'Consumer Prices, the Consumer Price Index, and the Cost of Living', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (1), Winter, 3-26 -- Jerry A. Hausman (1996), 'Valuation of New Goods Under Perfect and Imperfect Competition', in Timothy F. Bresnahan and Robert J. Gordon (eds) The Economics of New Goods, Chapter 5, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 209-37 -- Robert E. Hall and Charles I. Jones (2007), 'The Value of Life and the Rise in Health Spending', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (1), February, 39-72 -- Joseph E. Stiglitz, Amartya Sen and Jean-Paul Fitoussi (2009), 'GDP Related Issues', Report by the Commission on the Economic Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, Part 2, Chapter 1, Paris, France: 85-142 -- W. Erwin Diewert (2014), 'US TFP Growth and the Contribution of Changes in Export and Import Prices to Real Income Growth', Journal of Productivity Analysis, 41 (1), February, 19-39 -- Bert M. Balk (2010), 'An Assumption-Free Framework for Measuring Productivity Change', Review of Income and Wealth, 56 (1), June, 224-56 -- William D. Nordhaus (1996), 'Do Real-Output and Real-Wage Measures Capture Reality? The History of Lighting Suggests Not', in Timothy F. Bresnahan and Robert J. Gordon (eds), The Economics of New Goods, Chapter 1, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 29-70 -- Martin L. Weitzman (1976), 'On the Welfare Significance of National Product in a Dynamic Economy', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90 (1), February, 156-62 -- Geir B. Asheim and Martin L. Weitzman (2001), 'Does NNP Growth Indicate Welfare Improvement', Economic Letters, 73 (2), November, 233-9 -- Avinash Dixit, Peter Hammond and Michael Hoel (1980), 'On Hartwick's Rule for Regular Maximin Paths of Capital Accumulation and Resource Depletion', Review of Economic Studies, 47 (3), April, 551-6 -- J.A. Sefton and M.R. Weale (2006), 'The Concept of Income in a General Equilibrium', Review of Economic Studies, 73 (1), January, 219-48 -- Kenneth J. Arrow, Partha Dasgupta, Lawrence H. Goulder, Kevin J. Mumford and Kirsten Oleson (2012), 'Sustainability and the Measurement of Wealth', Environment and Development Economics, 17 (3), 317-53 -- A.A. Konus (1939), 'The Problem of the True Index of the Cost of Living', Econometrica, 7 (1), January, 10-29

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Manfred on His 75th Birthday -- Economics and Philosophy -- Three Types of Dramatic Irony -- 1 The Definitions of Dramatic Irony -- 2 The Limits of Doxastic Theory -- 3 The Meaning Theory of Dramatic Irony: Sophocles' Ajax -- 4 The Irony of Missed Ironies in Euripides -- 5 The Two Functions of Dramatic Irony -- 6 The Roots of Dramatic Irony -- References -- Defence is of Much More Importance than Opulence-Adam Smith on the Political Economy of War -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stages of Civilization and Ways of Accumulating Wealth -- 3 A Short History of Warfare and the Process of Civilization -- 4 On the "Wisdom of the State" -- 5 Heroic Characters and the Demise of the "Impartial Spectator" -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Labor Economics -- Relative Absence Concerns, Positional Consumption Preferences and Working Hours -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Contributions -- 3 Model -- 4 Comparisons of Outcomes -- 4.1 Working Hours as Sole Choice Variable -- 4.2 Absence of Absence Externality -- 4.3 Simultaneous Existence of Consumption and Absence Externalities -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- 1. Utility Maximum -- 2. Stability of Market Equilibrium -- 3. Pareto-Efficient Allocation -- 4. Alternative Specification of Preferences -- 5. Proof of Proposition 2 -- 6. Sick Pay -- 7. Proof of Proposition 3 -- References -- Power, Responsibility and Social Policy: The Impact of Basic Income in a Competitive Experimental Labor Market -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Investigating the Impact of Basic Income in Experimental Labor Markets -- 2.1 Results From the Field and From the Lab -- 2.2 Competition in Gift Exchange Games -- 3 Modeling the Effect of Basic Income on Wages and Effort Under Competition -- 4 Experimental Design -- 5 Results and Analysis -- 5.1 Description of the Dataset -- 5.2 Wage Offers and Effort Levels -- 6 Discussion.