Suchergebnisse

Der Iran verfügt nach Saudi-Arabien über die größten nachgewiesenen Ölreserven und nach Russland über die größten Erdgasreserven. Bereits seit Jahrzehnten exportiert dieses Land in großem Umfang Rohöl, vorwiegend an Abnehmer in Europa und Asien. Künftig sollen diese Exporte noch erhöht werden und große Erdgaslieferungen hinzu kommen. Um dafür trotz des stark wachsenden eigenen Energiebedarfs Spielraum zu haben, will der Iran auch Kernkraftwerke betreiben und eine Urananreicherungsanlage errichten. Insbesondere der geplante Bau einer Urananreicherungsanlage nährt den Verdacht, dass mit der Nutzung der Kernenergie weniger energiewirtschaftliche als militärische Ziele verfolgt werden. Die internationale Gemeinschaft versucht daher, den Iran zum Verzicht auf den Bau einer solchen Anlage zu bewegen und bietet dafür eine intensive Kooperation bei der friedlichen Nutzung der Kernenergie an. Sollten diese Bemühungen scheitern, könnten die UN Sanktionen verhängen, die es dem Iran schwer machen würden, die Öl- und Erdgasförderung im geplanten Tempo auszubauen. Hoffnungen auf eine mittelfristige Entspannung auf den Ölmärkten würden im Keim erstickt und eine neue Runde von Ölpreissteigerungen könnte eingeleitet werden.

The discovery of oil in Uganda in 2006 ushered in an oil-age era with new prospects of unforeseen riches. However, after an initial exploration boom developments stalled. Unlike other countries with major oil discoveries, Uganda has been slow in developing its oil. In fact, over ten years after the first discoveries, there is still no oil. During the time of the research for this book between 2012 and 2015, Uganda's oil had not yet fully materialised but was becoming. The overarching characteristic of this research project was waiting for the big changes to come: a waiting characterised by indeterminacy. There is a timeline but every year it gets expanded and in 2018 having oil still seems to belong to an uncertain future. This book looks at the waiting period as a time of not-yet-ness and describes the practices of future- and resource-making in Uganda. How did Ugandans handle the new resource wealth and how did they imagine their future with oil to be? This ethnography is concerned with Uganda's oil and the way Ugandans anticipated different futures with it: promising futures of wealth and development and disturbing futures of destruction and suffering. The book works out how uncertainty was an underlying feature of these anticipations and how risks and risk discourses shaped the imaginations of possible futures. Much of the talk around the oil involved the dichotomy of blessing or curse and it was not clear, which one the oil would be. Rather than adding another assessment of what the future with oil will be like, this book describes the predictions and prophesies as an essential part of how resources are being made. This ethnography shows how various actors in Uganda, from the state, the oil industry, the civil society, and the extractive communities, have tried to negotiate their position in the oil arena. Annika Witte argues in this book that by establishing their risks and using them as power resources actors can influence the becoming of oil as a resource and their own place in a petro-future. The book offers one of the first ethnographic accounts of Uganda's oil and the negotiations that took place in an oil state to be. (Back cover)

This paper examines oil and security in Nigeria, with special reference to the crisis-ravaged Niger Delta. Its focus on the Niger Delta and its festering crisis stems from that region's critical importance to Nigeria. As the nation's treasure base, the Niger Delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Also, the bulk of Nigeria's bio-diversity and some of her best human resources are derived from the Niger Delta. This paper posits that beyond the well-known threats to the security of the Nigerian state, the lingering crisis in the country's oil-producing areas is a grave threat to human security in that region. Since poverty, environment and food security are key to national security, the ruthless exploitation and destruction of the natural environment upon which the inhabitants of the Niger Delta depend for their livelihood and sustenance pose major threats to human security in that region and, by implication, to the Nigerian state. The paper suggests that to resolve the crisis, government policy on petroleum should be more inclusive, taking into consideration the peculiar problems and needs of the oil-producing areas, as well as those of the Nigerian state and the oil industry itself. (Afr Dev/GIGA)