Suchergebnisse

Critics of American literature need ways to ethically interpret ethnic difference, particularly in analyses of texts that memorialize collective experiences wherein that difference is a justification for large-scale atrocity. By examining fictionalized autoethnographies--narratives wherein the author writes to represent his or her own ethnic group as a collective identity in crisis--this dissertation interrogates audiences' responses and authors' impetus for reading and producing novels that testify to experiences of cultural trauma. The first chapter synthesizes some critical strategies specific to autoethnographic fiction; the final three chapters posit a series of textual applications of those strategies. Each textual application demonstrates that outsider readers and critics can treat testimonial literatures with respect and compassion while still analyzing them critically. In the second chapter, an explication of the representations of African American women's experiences with the cultural trauma of slavery is brought to bear upon analyses of Toni Morrison's A Mercy (2009) and Alice Walker's Now Is the Time to Open Your Heart (2003). In the third chapter, the debate between nationalist and cosmopolitanist critics in Native literary studies is adjudicated through a close reading of the same-sex desire between adolescent boys, and histories of land theft and broken treaties in Craig Womack's Drowning in Fire (2001) and Sherman Alexie's Flight (2007). Finally, the application of theoretical strategies for reading testimonio to literary texts is used to explore the long term effects of the Trujillato on the personal and national identity of people from the Haitian-Dominican-American diaspora as portrayed in Junot Díaz's The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007) and Edwidge Danticat's The Farming of Bones (1998). Each chapter demonstrates the potential of autoethnographic narrative techniques to present didactic messages, which serve a memorializing function for insider readers and aid outsider readers in ...

AbstractThose giving care to people with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom are obliged to drive bad forms of intimacy, such as abuse, out of the caring relationship. They must also enable these individuals to find positive forms of intimacy through reciprocal relationships such as friendships. These two aims are normally separated, but in an organization called L'Arche UK, they are combined in the same relationship when caregivers pursue reciprocal friendships with those they support. What happens to this ethical project when those with intellectual disabilities are violent to their caregivers? Trying to pursue intimate engagement in this context has the unexpected result of creating distrustful and tense relationships, which raises questions not only about why this ethical project goes so wrong, but also about what it would mean for it to go right: that is, what a richer and fully positive reciprocity between limited and complex human beings would actually look like in practice.

Notions of engagement, commitment and impegno continue to provoke debate amongst academics researching contemporary Italian culture, and yet - be it by accident or by more conscious selection - critical work has tended to posit these concepts as a predominantly male and, often, heteronormative domain. This collection of essays challenges this assumption, and analyses more closely the fluid and fragmented nature of commitment, and the work of Italian intellectuals and cultural practitioners associated with it.The volume's contributors engage with those who have typically been excluded from such debates: not only female writers and artists, but also males whose work has been denied the designation of impegnato. The chapters all focus on individuals who insist on the need to question, interrogate and denounce social realities.Employing a range of theoretical perspectives, and bringing into dialogue individuals not typically associated with terms such as engagement and commitment, this volume offers an original and distinctive contribution to a discussion that persists in Italian studies

This paper presents findings from a two year Office of Learning and Teaching research project that examined issues facing doctoral candidates in the creative arts and design as they sought institutional ethics approval for their research projects. Creative practice and design doctoral researchers in the University whose research involves human subjects are required to observe their University's Code of Conduct for Research and adhere to the guidelines provided by the National Statement on the Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans, as are their supervisors and other creative practice academics undertaking research within University settings. The research demonstrated that, while there remains considerable frustration with the ethics process, it does have value for the researchers, in particularfor graduate research. From the reports of the supervisors and also the self-reporting of Creative Practice Research graduate researchers, institutional ethics has led to more robust and meta- aware research processes.However, practicing artists, designers and creative producers working in the community are not similarly constrained; once creative practice PhD graduates leave the university, they are no longer required to gain ethics clearance for their work. They need to call on and use their own developed sense of ethics to make "judgment calls" when issues of an ethical nature arise. Marilys Guillemin and Lynn Gillam refer to the "unanticipated and contingent ethical issues that arise in the process of conducting research in real-world settings" (2004), but these ethical issues also arise for creative practitioners who may no longer be conducting research in the university context, but are undertaking a creative practice in a "real-world setting".The question that this paper addresses is the degree to which the internal university ethics compliance procedures can in fact prepare RHD graduates with the necessary ethical "know-how" that will enable them to negotiate an ethical art professionalpractice outside of the University context. In an industry, commercial or community setting, creative practitioners need to be cognisant of professional and governmental codes of conduct or ethics, which may or may not align with the institutional ethics requirements imposed on research in University settings. Equally, research suggests that while professionals may be aware of the existence of codes of conduct in their field, these codes "mayor may not positively influence . [their] . judgment (Statler and Oliver 2016: 89, 90).Drawing on data collected during the research phase of this project, the paper highlights areas in which University ethics training can better prepare graduates for the ethical challenges that they will face beyond the university research setting. We conclude thata robust and nuanced ethics pedagogy can produce doctoral graduates more aware of the values they hold, aware of the relevance of ethics to their research, and more aware of how ethics is relevant to their practices outside of the academy.

One pressing challenge for any process of democratic engagement or stakeholder consultation over ethical concerns is the problem of how to incorporate commercial stakeholders. This is particularly relevant in relation to issues arising from new genomic technologies and/or food. Commercial stakeholders are powerful, but also arrive at the consultation with a considerable historical of unethical conduct, conflict, opaque discourse and increasingly ineffective governmental remedies. This paper examines the 'commercial problem' in ethical consultation by examining the historical roots of concerns around food commerce in modernity; particularly in relation to the classical formulation of State, Civil Society and Economy that has broadly structured processes of governance in modernity. Under this model, it appears that the commercial problem in ethical consultation is insolvable. A pathway out of the commercial problem is suggested through examination of new theories of post-modern governance. This is particularly relevant in relation to global agri-food chains which have generated new forms of more inclusive governance through the formation of complex audit cultures. The relevance of postmodern governance, and its potential relationship with processes of ethnical engagement, is examined using the case of a new audit system in Europe called EurepGAP which is currently developing new audit standards for salmon aquaculture.

A systems approachA step-by-step approach; Entropy; Part Two Organizational requirements; 04 Driving forces for an ethical culture; External drivers; Expect resistance; Internal drivers; Values driven; Employee expectations; Wholehearted engagement; A new driver; 05 Leadership and management of ethical cultures; Trust; Authenticity; Tone; Engagement; General engagement; Ethical engagement; 06 Systems and procedures; Policies; Codes and rules; Metrics; Decisions rules; Business processes; Reporting structures; 07 Communication strategy; A continuous free flow of communications

Purpose
The association between ethical leadership and employees' ethical behaviors is well-established. But can ethical leadership go beyond this and drive employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement? The purpose of this study is to examine the association between ethical leadership and employees' perception of their engagement in CSR activities while exploring the mediating role of person–organization fit.


Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative research design, data were collected via self-administered questionnaires from 142 employees of multi-national companies in Malaysia. This study used partial-least squares structural equation modeling to test and validate the research model and hypotheses posited.


Findings
The results reveal that ethical leadership has a positive impact on employees' CSR engagement, mediated through person–organization fit. Moreover, analyses were carried out to assess the predictive performance of the proposed model. Our results confirmed the predictive capability of the proposed model.


Research limitations/implications
This study has provided a better understanding of employees' CSR engagement, which is a crucial factor for effectiveness of CSR implementation in any organization. Finding evidence on the positive role of ethical leadership in driving employees' CSR engagement extends both the leadership and CSR literature and offers new avenues for future research studies.


Practical implications
This study has shown that ethical leadership can stimulate employees' CSR engagement through creating a better person–organization fit. This understanding can help managers in finding ways for more effective involvement of employees in a company's CSR activities and creating a better working environment.


Social implications
Organizations can find better ways to involve employees in CSR activities through having ethical leaders who lead by example and champion social causes. Although ethical leadership will benefit society, it will also help employees experience a better fit between their values and those of the organization.


Originality/value
Despite extensive research on CSR, its drivers and outcomes, there is still limited knowledge on the role of leaders in driving employees' CSR engagement. Findings from an emerging economy (i.e. Malaysia) will offer fresh insights into the growing CSR and leadership literature.