Suchergebnisse

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- H.afr. 8064 a

With the introduction of "ethnic federalism" by Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, Somalis have finally been accorded autonomy in eastern Ethiopia. But fifteen years after the Derg, Ethiopian-Somali identity is still disputed and the question of self-determination is far from being resolved. The inhabitants of the Somali region are struggling with three options: integration into Ethiopia, independence based on territory and genealogy or irredentism toward the defunct Democratic Republic of Somalia. (Polit afr/DÜI)

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The members of the PRC Sub-Committee on Headquarters and Host Agreements, met on 22 October 2018 at the AU Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. to discuss issues relating to the implementation of the Agreement between the African Union and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, on the Headquarters of the AU , as well as issues arising from the implementation of Host Country Agreements between the AU and States hosting AU institutions, organs, agencies and offices.

Examines food insecurity and famine vulnerability in Ethiopia; highlights recent political developments and impediments to foreign investments.

Summit Conference of Independent African States meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 22 to 25 May 1963 ; Notable efforts made by the Imperial Government of Ethiopia in organizing the first historic meeting of Heads of Independent African States and Government to consolidate African unity through the inception of the Organization of African Unity.

Background on "Operation Solomon" undertaken by Israel to save Ethiopian Jews.

Short analysis of the 1977-78 Ethiopian-Somali conflict.

Assembly of the Union Thirty-Second Ordinary Session 10 - 11 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Last year we witnessed a historic event of great significance to the aviationsector in Africa. That was the launching of the Single African Air Transport Market(SAATM) that took place in January 2018 during the 30th Ordinary Session of theAfrica Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Oromo communities represent the most important ethnic group in Ethiopia. Born in the 1960s, Oromo nationalism recently took an original, Afro-centrist form with the creation of the Waaqeffannaa association. This religious association advocates the return of authentic Oromo identity, inherited from ancient Egypt. This article examines this association in the context of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia, instituted at the beginning of the 1990s. (Polit afr/DÜI)

The Afars and state power in the horn of Africa.
The Afars are confronted by the expansion of irrigated plantations on their grazzing grounds in Ethiopia and rapid urbanisation in Djibouti. After a period of rebellious resistance, the Afars are destabilised by repeated drought and are now constrained to sédentarisation. Would the creation of an autonomous Afar region in Ethiopia save the cultural specificity of its populations ?

The northern Tigray (Ethiopia) is characterized by vast plateaus with steeply sloping valleys on their edges. The bottoms of these valleys are now densely cultivated using terraces, water and soil conservation structures. In this mountainous context, archaeological remains from the Aksumite period (1st millennium BCE - 1st millennium CE) have been discovered on Wakarida site. Located on a spur, this small urban settlement raised the question of the relationship between environment, hydro-agricultural facilities and societies. Today, the surrounding valleys are filled by sedimentary accumulations several metres thick, cultivated in terraces. Are these structures the result of the centuries-old transmission of a landscape that could be called "fossil"? The result of the controlled sedimentation undertaken for a long time by the Aksumites and their descendants? The proximity of the structures and of the archaeological remains could suggest this, since the Aksumite culture has similarities with that of the South Arabians, known for their talent in the construction of hydraulic structures. To answer these questions, a systemic methodology was applied. It borrows techniques from geomorphology, geoarchaeology and sedimentology, landscape history and geohistory, and develops ethnoarchaeological and ethno-geomorphological approaches. First, the study of sedimentary accumulations in the valleys of the region makes it possible to highlight the main phases of filling and the various factors controlling detritism, whether biophysical processes (climate change, vegetation cover) or anthropogenic action (deforestation, agriculture). Sediments accumulate from the 7th millennium BCE onwards, under a more humid climate with more regular rainfall than today (African Humid Period). From the 4th millennium BCE onwards, the equilibria changed, leading to the alternation of low and high energy flows. Finally, from the 1st millennium BCE, the influence of human societies became more noticeable in deposits that testify to advanced deforestation from the 13th century AD. No agricultural structure remains were detected in the fillings, which do not result from controlled sedimentation.From the 17th century AD onwards, chronostratigraphic records are missing. Textual and iconographic archives are used to understand the evolution of plant cover and to specify the period of appearance of terraces. They shed light on the position of Wakarida, on the fringes of the Aksum kingdom, following Ethiopian kingdoms and exploration routes. This situation has allowed the persistence of farming techniques over time, some of which date back to the prehistoric period. The only notable exception is the terraces, which are absent from these testimonies. According to the archives, they did not appear in the Tigray until the 1960s. The combination of interviews and archives provides details at the scale of the studied site. The surroundings of Wakarida have recently been repopulated and current structures have been built since the 1990s, in line with agrarian reforms and socio-political events. The terraces of Wakarida reflect the close relationship between economic, social, political and biophysical processes. Their future is now threatened by the regressive erosion that affects the valleys and by the rural exodus that risks breaking the fragile balance between slope, development, cultures and societies.The current structures, which are of recent construction, are therefore based on old fillings that continue to evolve. Thus, the hydroagricultural landscapes of the Wakarida region are not fossil but palimpsest. ; Le nord du Tigray (Éthiopie) est caractérisé par de vastes plateaux en bordure desquels se trouvent des vallées encaissées aux versants abrupts. Les fonds de ces vallées sont aujourd'hui densément mis en culture à l'aide de terrasses, ouvrages de conservation des eaux et des sols. Dans ce contexte montagnard, des vestiges archéologiques d'époque axoumite (Ier millénaire av. n. è. - Ier millénaire de n. è.) ont été découverts sur le site de Wakarida. Localisée sur un éperon, cette petite installation urbaine a soulevé la question des relations entre milieu, aménagements hydroagricoles et sociétés. Aujourd'hui, les vallons alentours sont comblés par des accumulations sédimentaires épaisses de plusieurs mètres, cultivées en gradin au moyen de terrasses. Ces aménagements sont-ils le fruit de la transmission pluriséculaire d'un paysage qu'on pourrait appeler « fossile » ? Le résultat de la sédimentation dirigée entreprise de longue date par les Axoumites et leurs descendants ? La proximité des aménagements et des vestiges archéologiques pourrait le laisser penser, d'autant que la culture axoumite présente des similitudes avec celle des Sud-Arabiques, connus pour leur talent dans la construction d'ouvrages hydrauliques.Pour répondre à ces interrogations, une méthodologie systémique est appliquée. Elle emprunte des techniques à la géomorphologie, la géoarchéologie et la sédimentologie, à l'histoire du paysage et la géohistoire, et développe des approches ethnoarchéologique et ethnogéomorphologique.Dans un premier temps, l'étude d'accumulations sédimentaires dans les vallées de la région permet de mettre en évidence les principales phases de mise en place des comblements et les différents facteurs de contrôle du détritisme, qu'il s'agisse de processus biophysiques (changement climatique, couvert végétal) ou d'actions anthropiques (déboisement, agriculture). Les sédiments s'accumulent à partir du VIIe millénaire av. n. è., sous un climat plus humide aux précipitations plus régulières que de nos jours (African Humid Period). À partir du IVe millénaire av. n. è., les équilibres changent, entraînant l'alternance de flux hydrosédimentaires de faible et de grande énergie. Enfin, à partir du Ier millénaire av. n. è., l'influence des sociétés humaines devient plus sensible dans les dépôts qui témoignent d'un déboisement avancé à partir du XIIIe siècle de n. è. Aucun vestige d'aménagement agricole n'a été détecté dans les comblements, qui ne résultent pas d'une sédimentation dirigée.À partir du XVIIe siècle de n. è., les enregistrements chronostratigraphiques manquent. Des archives textuelles et iconographiques sont mobilisées pour comprendre l'évolution des couverts végétaux et préciser la période d'apparition des terrasses. Elles éclairent sur la position de Wakarida, en marge du royaume d'Axoum, des royaumes éthiopiens suivants et des routes d'exploration. Cette situation a permis la persistance sur le temps long de techniques culturales dont certaines remontent à la préhistoire. Seule exception notable, les terrasses sont absentes de ces témoignages. D'après les archives, elles n'apparaissent pas avant les années 1960 dans le Tigray.Le croisement des entretiens et des archives apporte des précisions à l'échelle du site étudié. Les alentours de Wakarida ont été repeuplés récemment et les aménagements actuels ont été érigés à partir des années 1990, en lien avec des réformes agraires et des évènements socio-politiques. Les terrasses de Wakarida témoignent de relations étroites entre processus économiques, sociaux, politiques et biophysiques. Leur avenir est aujourd'hui menacé par l'érosion régressive qui touche les vallons et par l'exode rural qui risque de rompre l'équilibre fragile entre pente, aménagements, cultures et sociétés.Les ouvrages actuels, de construction récente, reposent donc sur des comblements anciens qui continuent à évoluer. Ainsi, les paysages hydroagricoles de la région de Wakarida ne sont pas fossiles mais palimpsestes.