Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND ETHNIC CONFLICT -- Chapter 1 What Can Evolutionary Theory Say About Ethnic Phenomena? David Goetze and Patrick James -- Chapter 2 The Roots of Ethnic Conflict: An Evolutionary Perspective Gary R. Johnson -- Chapter 3 A Defense and an Extension of Pierre van den Berghe's Theory of Ethnic Nepotism Frank Salter -- Chapter 4 Contributions of Evolutionary Thinking to Theories of Ethnic Conflict and Its Management Marc Howard Ross -- Part II SKEPTICAL VIEWS -- Chapter 5 From Ontology to Analogy: Evolutionary Theories and the Explanation of Ethnic Politics Robert Hislope -- Chapter 6 Primordialism, Evolutionary Theory, and the Timing of Ethnic Conflict: Opportunities and Constraints for Theory and Policy Frank Harvey -- Chapter 7 Evolution, Ethnicity, and Propaganda: Why Negotiating with the Innocent Makes Sense Kristan J. Wheaton -- Part III APPLICATIONS -- Chapter 8 National Identity in the Balkans: Confessionalism to Nationalism Peter Mentzel -- Chapter 9 Regionalism and Evolutionary Theory in the Former Soviet Union: Russian Kaliningrad, 1991- 2000 Joel C. Moses -- Chapter 10 Evolutionary Models, Third-Party Intervention, and Ethnic Conflict: Does Tough Love Really Work? David Carment and Dane Rowlands -- Chapter 11 An Evolutionary Approach Toward the Drafting of Autonomy Agreements: Applying Theory to Reality in the Search for Resolution of Ethnic Conflict Michael Patrick Tkacik -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Contributors.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Ethnic Claims and International Law / Wippman, David -- Part I. Ethno-Nationalism and Legal Theory -- 1. The International Law of Nationalism: Group Identity and Legal History / Berman, Nathaniel -- 2. The Institutional and Instrumental Value of Nationalism / Brilmayer, Lea -- 3. Ethnicity, Human Rights, and Self-Determination / Tesόn, Fernando R. -- 4. Ethnic Conflict and Territorial Claims: Where Do We Draw a Line? / Ratner, Steven R. -- 5. Pushing the Limits of the Liberal Peace: Ethnic Conflict and the "Ideal Polity" / Slaughter, Anne-Marie -- Part II. Institutional and Policy Responses to Ethnic Conflict -- 6. U.N. Engagement in Ethnic Conflicts / Scheffer, David J. -- 7. Mobilizing International and Regional Organizations for Managing Ethnic Conflict / Handler Chayes, Antonia / Chayes, Abram -- 8. Practical and Legal Constraints on Internal Power Sharing / Wippman, David -- 9. Limiting the Use of Force in Civil Disputes / Wedgwood, Ruth -- 10. Genocide and Ethnic Conflict / Fisler Damrosch, Lori -- 11. Temporary Protection of a Persecuted People / Platzer, Michael -- 12. Citizenship and National Identity / Orentlicher, Diane F. -- Conclusion: What Do International Lawyers Do When They Talk about Ethnic Violence and Why Does It Matter? / Farer, Tom -- Index

Combining theoretical analyzes with case studies, this book increases understanding of the internationalization, diffusion and escalation of ethnic conflict. The essays stand at the nexus of comparative politics and international relations, examining the influence on ethnic conflict of the weakening of state institutional structures, the role of non-state regional and international actors, changes in the ethnic balance of power, and the degree of economic, social, and cultural integration within the regional or global system. The variety of approaches provides useful analytical tools for students, while the diversity of cases from different regions gives the reader a sense of the scope of such problems.

Belgium is one of several small European democracies that succeeded in fashioning a stable, progres sive regime in a society deeply divided by religious and socioeconomic differences. Not until recently did a massive ethno-cultural cleavage between Flemings, Walloons, and the French-speaking majority of the residents of the country's capital, Brussels, become politically salient. Long experi ence in managing societal divisions is not directly applicable to the ethnic cleavage. The response to the religious and ideological divisions had been to form cohesive institutions and practices among the leaders of the segments. The re sponse to the ethnic cleavage has been, in contrast, to de centralize: Belgium has moved from a unitary to a federal regime in the past decade. While this has constituted a peaceful and rational response to the ethnic cleavage until now, serious residual problems abound. Further, the rela tively favorable conditions under which decentralization was launched no longer obtain, clouding prospects for the achievement of a stable, mutually acceptable arrangement between the major contending groups.

The problem I want to examine is how to characterize the relationship between ethnicity and federalism in Nigeria. I want to illustrate how the dynamics of ethnicity, by which I mean its manipulation as a political resource of conflict and accommodation by the political elite, has shaped the development of federalism in the country. In what follows I attempt to build on arguments I have advanced elsewhere (Jinadu, 1982; 1984; 1985; 1994), drawing on recent trends in Nigerian politics, and situating the discussion in historical and comparative perspective.