Suchergebnisse

The article analyses the activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts, activities that form a major component of the national security system of the Russian Federation against extremist, including terrorist, threats. The article examines the features and the degree of influence of the main factors on the activities of state structures, religious organisations, public associations for the prevention and suppression of interethnic conflicts. The survey of twenty experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of countering ethno-extremism conducted by the author using the methods of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, as well as the results of mass sociological studies and analysis of scientific works and media publications on the topic of the research allowed to determine the degree of influence of the main factors on the ethno-conflict sphere. It was revealed as a result of the research, that the Russian Orthodox Church, traditional Muslim organisations and public law enforcement organisations, primarily Cossack organisations and voluntary people's guards, have the most positive influence on activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts.

The factor of "spreading the ideology of the" Russian world "" in the context of aggravated relations with Western countries has practically no effect on anti-conflict activities in the ethno-national sphere. Attempts to support foreign followers of the Russian patriotic project evoke nothing more but Russophobic reaction from the political elites in a number of foreign states.

Such factors as "deficiencies in educational and upbringing activities", as well as "pandemic", have a negative impact on the activities aimed at preventing and suppressing ethnic conflicts in Russia. The worst influence on the prevention and suppression of ethnic conflicts, according to the experts interviewed, have "activities of elites in national formations", "migration policy", as well as "development of Internet communications and social networks". The author proves that taking into account the peculiarities and degree of influence of the main factors on activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts will not only allow the authorities to ensure the protection of the Russian society from ethno-national threats but also to more effectively solve important tasks of strengthening the all-Russian self-awareness and spiritual community of the Russian nation, harmonising ethno-national relations and state-civil consolidation in the Russian Federation.

Статья посвящена анализу современных политических теорий социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических противоречий на Северном Кавказе. Латентные и потенциальные этнополитические конфликты являются самыми заметными из современных вызовов и угроз гражданскому миру в северокавказском регионе. Становится очевидной фундаментальная проблема, требующая конструктивного решения в целях обеспечения политической стабильности в регионе – это со- действие многоуровневой интеграции. В исследовании утверждается, что эскалация этнической конфликтности является следствием масштабной социальной дезинтеграции, создающей угрозу региональной безопасности. Цель статьи – проанализировать базовые политологические теории и концепты, посвященные анализу социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических конфликтов в северокавказском регионе. По мнению автора, стратегия разрешения этнических конфликтов, основанная на социокультурной интеграции, является высокоэффективным ресурсом миростроительства и мироподдержания. На основе проведенного анализа делается вывод, что многоуровневая ценностно-нормативная модель интеграции может служить в основном превентивным методом управления этническими конфликтами на Северном Кавказе.

The author analyzes and compares the approaches of Russian parliamentary parties to understanding the causes and consequences of inter-ethnic conflicts and parties' reaction on conflicts. The article was written on the basis of content-analysis of parties' materials dedicated to accidents which took place in the towns of Salsk, Kondopoga and Stavropol in 2006-2007.

Situations with uncertain developments and results are more often taking place in the world of politics. In this regard, the role of actors who are interested in the implementation of plans for peaceful conflict resolution and non-violence is becoming more urgent. The modern world is replete with situations in which a decision should be made only by qualified intermediaries (mediators), whose purpose is to resolve the conflict by the most effective and painless method. This article discusses the main aspects of the technology which is new for the political reality - political mediation as a vital means for solving complex inter-ethnic and interconfessional problems. The author attempts to identify general and specific characteristics of the conflict field that are peculiar for both international and inter-ethnic contradictions arising in the process of multilateral relations of nations with each other and between ethnic groups in multi-ethnic space. At this, the attention is focused on the fact that the conflicts arise out of the contradictions between the interests of these social organisms. The article provides the system of argumentation of the thesis that the use of mediation technologies helps to achieve the combination of the parties' autonomy and to guarantee a mutually beneficial result on a common ground. For this purpose the conflicting parties endow a third party with certain powers - the mediator, who is involved in order to look at the conflict from the side and help conflicting actors to get rid of excessive emotion and bias in a dispute. Thus, political mediation is a form of alternative expert and political dispute resolution and settlement, voluntarily elected by conflicting communities on the basis of their desire to reach agreement and political objectivity. (author's abstract)

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with experts from different industries.

We consider a description and analysis of linguistic, ethnic, cultural heterogeneity issues, with an emphasis on the economic and social consequences of the resulting conflicts. We focus on language, ethnic and cultural differences influence on the processes of emergence, or increase of the potential conflicts in the context of social and economic dimensions. We also take into account income inequality and migration, as the most important factors influencing the dynamics of these processes. The approaches to the theoretical description and empirical evaluation are based on basic economic criteria, which allows to achieve a more complete and accurate description of the studied complex social processes. We pay special attention to the case studies reflecting the peculiarities of the studied heterogeneity issues.

Since 1990s, the number of states conflicts decreased and they started saying that the classical wars disappeared but at the same time, the number of internal conflicts increased dramatically. The end of colonial regime in Africa didn't bring peace to the region - the new wave of internal conflicts and civil wars overwhelmed the region. In the given article the authors analyze political and complicated socio-economic situation in the Tropical Africa, describe the conflicts in this zone, their typology, results and factors. The authors attempt to analyze internal and external causes of conflicts in the studied region, taking into account all elements of each conflict and their interdependence. The subject of the article is the conflict as the social element presenting the important part of international reality. It is noted that the crisis in the region influences every part of economic, social, and political spheres, so the solution is not possible without structural changes. In this connection, conflicts are the logical results of regional crisis as well as uncertain activity of international society. This situation provokes the large wave of migrants from the region and inside it. The countries the Tropical Africa can't guarantee any suitable level of life for the citizens, and the situation can't be resolved without active role of international community.

This article presents an analysis of the linguistic conflict in republics of the Russian Federation in 2017–2018. These contradictions can be reasonably interpreted as being a conflict. Three dimensions of the conflict are considered based on the example of the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. The institutional dimension lies within the contradictions between the Federal center and regions on based on legal discrepancies between regional and Federal legislation in the field of language and education. Legal practice has not been able to resolve these contradictions, because it did not have a single direction. The nature of interaction between the Federal center and republics when contradictions arise is connected to the obvious trends of centralization and the reduction of regions' authority. Analysis of contradictions at the level of "regional power – group of the population" leads to the conclusion that another significant reason for intensifying conflict lies within the continued lack of attention from regional authorities to issues concerning how part of the population perceives the language policy in education within the context of insufficient teaching of republican state languages. The "group – group" dimension consists of contradictions in the discourse between supporters of the compulsory study of official republican languages and supporters of the voluntary study of official languages. Language contradictions have led to activists and nationalists in the republics becoming more active (to varying degrees), while stimulating them to make new statements and partake in actions, which may have some impact on attitudes when it comes to interethnic relations and on the strengthening of ethnic borders.

On the basis of recent studies of modern ethno-political processes the author shows the new threats and challenges of uncontrolled migration flows from the Middle East and North Africa. These processes have created a serious threat not only to EU countries but also in other continents. The author analyzes and forecasts the growing conflict potential in the Caspian region, which is particularly applied to Southern Russia. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the old and the modern conflicts, the author makes conclusion about the continuity of data due to the lack of development of negative processes of democratic processes and the low level of tolerance in the regions of the North Caucasus, which is a breeding ground for Islamic radicalism. The only constructive solution to this problem in the present period is the socio-economic stabilization of the society and the revival of the principles of tolerance since the Soviet period, taking into account regional peculiarities of the peoples living in these territories. As a result, it is necessary to provide recommendations and suggestions of scientists, economists and social scientists to expand intellectual scientific potential with a degree of respect for the principles of tolerance. In conclusion it is noted that today for Russia there cannot be a future without policy capable of ensuring harmony in inter-ethnic and religious relations, the cooperation of all constituent peoples. (author's abstract)

This article examines such an issue as the manifestation of extremist threats within the ethno-national realm in Russia. A survey (carried out using questionnaire survey and in-depth interview methods) conducted among 20 experts, who are qualified specialists in the field of counteracting ethnic extremism, analysis of the results of extensive sociological research, as well as scientific work and mass-media publications on the topic allowed to identify the most probable extremist threats, which within the next 5–7 years will start negatively affecting the ethnonational situation in the country, and evaluate their potency. Ethno-national threats with the highest probability, based on expert opinion (with 5 being the average value), include terrorist acts, ethno-national conflicts and mass anti-social displays. The results of extensive sociological surveys suggest that public opinion in Russia, together with the conclusions drawn by the interviewed experts, lean towards a positive evaluation of the state and dynamic of terrorism countermeasures in Russia. However, a considerable amount of terrorism-related crimes, them presenting a serious threat to the public and their prevalence in Russia demands decisive efforts on behalf of the government and society to implement effective countermeasures against potential threats of terrorism. A fairly high degree of probability (with 4 being the average value) was attributed by experts to conflicts occurring within the next 5–7 years between the central government and Russian regions, accompanied by calls to violent action under the guise of nationalism. Somewhat lower probability, according to experts (with 3 being the average value), was attributed to such manifestations of ethno-national threats as calls to overthrow the current government, as well as violent acts targeting government officials and law enforcement, Russian citizens of another nationality or foreign citizens. The least likely threats to manifest (with 2 being the average value) experts considered possible attempts to alter the foundation of the country's constitutional order, as well as the creation and functioning of illegal armed formations. Expert evaluation of ethno-national threats seem to be reasonably valid, with them being confirmed by conclusions drawn while carrying out extensive sociological research, and by the results of analysis of mass-media publications on the topic of the threats in question. The results of scientific research cited in this article indicate the importance of the further study of ethno-national threats, especially such hazardous ones as terrorist acts, ethnic conflicts and mass ethno-national or ethno-religious based anti-social displays