Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Все расширяющиеся деловые и культурные межнациональные контакты требуют хотя бы минимальных знаний о том, что принято, а что не принято в другой стране. Нарушение правил может обернуться большими неприятностями. Каждый человек, который претендует на принадлежность к культурному обществу, должен взять за непременное правило, любя свои обычаи, уважать чужие. В статье поднимается вопрос о специальном изучении «поведенческой» специфики, особенностей принятого в данном обществе этикета.
All expanding business and cultural interethnic contacts require at least a minimum knowledge of what is accepted and what is not accepted in another country. Breaking the rules can get you in big trouble. Each person, respecting and appreciating his own customs, should make it an indispensable rule to respect the customs of others. The article raises the question of a special study of «behavioral» specifics, features of the etiquette adopted in a given society.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of ethnic identity in interethnic and mono-ethnic families on the example of St. Petersburg, and is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in 2017. During the study, members of 106 interethnic families were interviewed and 45 mono-ethnic families were analyzed as a control group. The main conclusions of the study include the following. In interethnic families ethnic identity is established, in the case of a mono-ethnic identity it coincides with the identity of mothers, mostly Russians. In general, the influence of mothers on the ethnic self-identification of children is stronger than the impact of fathers. This is due to the dominance of maternal socialization, inherent in the national tradition, and also because most Russian mothers bring up their children in the Russian cultural environment. The attitude towards their ethnic identity in children is more indifferent compared to the sense of "national pride" inherent in most parents. For all categories of the sample, with the exception of fathers from interethnic families, cultural signs of self-identification are more important than others. Fathers of different cultures allot special importance to blood kinship. The main features of ethnic consolidation for all survey participants are cultural traditions and the native language. National identity for all survey participants, except for "non-Russian" fathers, prevails over ethnic self-determination. Ethnic prejudices dominate over religious prejudices. In comparison to Christians, Muslims are more rejecting. The presence of ethnic prejudice is not connected with membership in an interethnic or mono-ethnic family, and is most likely due to the personal attitudes of the respondents.

Situations with uncertain developments and results are more often taking place in the world of politics. In this regard, the role of actors who are interested in the implementation of plans for peaceful conflict resolution and non-violence is becoming more urgent. The modern world is replete with situations in which a decision should be made only by qualified intermediaries (mediators), whose purpose is to resolve the conflict by the most effective and painless method. This article discusses the main aspects of the technology which is new for the political reality - political mediation as a vital means for solving complex inter-ethnic and interconfessional problems. The author attempts to identify general and specific characteristics of the conflict field that are peculiar for both international and inter-ethnic contradictions arising in the process of multilateral relations of nations with each other and between ethnic groups in multi-ethnic space. At this, the attention is focused on the fact that the conflicts arise out of the contradictions between the interests of these social organisms. The article provides the system of argumentation of the thesis that the use of mediation technologies helps to achieve the combination of the parties' autonomy and to guarantee a mutually beneficial result on a common ground. For this purpose the conflicting parties endow a third party with certain powers - the mediator, who is involved in order to look at the conflict from the side and help conflicting actors to get rid of excessive emotion and bias in a dispute. Thus, political mediation is a form of alternative expert and political dispute resolution and settlement, voluntarily elected by conflicting communities on the basis of their desire to reach agreement and political objectivity. (author's abstract)

The article is devoted to the analysis of essence, the contents, formation and development of ethnic identity of the personality (community). The problem of formation of ethnic identity is considered. Complexity and diversity of this process is shown. The advantage of article is the analysis of a wide range of factors and a determinant of formation of ethnic identity. The author refers to them ethnic socialization in a family and in society in general, influence of historical memory, social and economic, political and spiritual factors of life of society. ; Этническая идентичность рассмотрена как сложное и многоаспектное социальное явление, которое характеризуется осознанием индивидом (группой) своей принадлежности к определённой этнической общности, пониманием, оцениванием и переживанием своего членства в ней. Показана сложность и многоплановость процесса формирования этнической идентичности. Достоинством статьи является анализ широкого спектра факторов и детерминант формирования этнической идентичности. Автор относит к ним этническую социализацию в семье и в обществе в целом, влияние исторической памяти, социально-экономических, политических и духовных факторов жизни общества.

The article is devoted to the understanding of modern aspects of identity in Dagestan society, which largely determine the qualitative characteristics of regional society and the main ways of its further development. The main method of research is sociological surveys of 2015-2019, the results of which allow to assess the dynamics of the development of the all-Russian civil identity, the status of Russian and native languages in the Republic, etc.

The ethnic toponymy of Azerbaijan has unique features. The thousands of years of the ethnic and political history of the nation are also reflected in ethnic toponymy to a greater or lesser extent. They contain essential information about the complex ethnic composition of Azerbaijani territory.Systematic study of ethnic toponymy contributes to gaining extensive knowledge of Turkic peoples' ancient culture and socio-political environment. Descriptive-nomological studies provide a clear scientific idea of the historical formation of the people, including the tribes that inhabited the territory.

В условиях глобализации общества национальные культуры сближаются и возникает угроза поглощения одними этническими культурами других. Интернет-пространство может стать огромной силой воздействия на сохранение и развитие культуры этнической общности. Вопрос сохранения этнической культуры является актуальным для этноса в любой период человеческой цивилизации. В данной работе проанализированы нормативные документы, научные труды и веб-сайты, отражающие этническую культуру. Исследованные веб-сайты сгруппированы по пяти кластерам: официальный интернет-портал Чувашской Республики; веб-сервисы чувашских общественных объединений; веб-представительства организаций; интернет-СМИ; интернет-ресурсы, посвященные этнической культуре чувашского народа. В статье приводятся конкретные примеры веб-сайтов, относящихся к каждому кластеру с краткой характеристикой этнокультурного материала. Получены следующие результаты: классификации типов и видов этнокультурной информации на веб-сайтах; определение критериев для оценивания интернет-площадок с этнокультурным сегментом и сама оценка веб-сайтов. Материалы статьи имеют практическую значимость в дальнейших научных исследованиях, в разработке теории и методологии анализа веб-сайтов с этнокультурным сегментом; в преподавании родного языка и культуры; в продвижении веб-сервисов с репрезентацией этнических образов. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать вывод, что содержащийся в интернет-пространстве арсенал этнокультурных элементов является одним из высокоэффективных форм сохранения и развития этнической самоидентификации.
The article reveals that in the conditions of globalization of society, national cultures are converging and there is a threat of absorption by some ethnic cultures of others, and the Internet space can become a huge force for the preservation and development of the culture of ethnic community. This paper analyzes normative documents, scientific works and websites reflecting ethnic culture. The studied websites are grouped into five clusters: the official Internet portal of the Chuvash Republic; web services of the Chuvash public associations; web representations of organizations; Internet media; Internet resources dedicated to the ethnic culture of the Chuvash people. The article provides specific examples of websites. The following results were obtained: classification of types and kinds of ethno-cultural information on websites; definition of criteria for evaluating Internet sites with an ethno-cultural segment and the evaluation of websites itself. The materials of the article are of practical importance in further scientific research, in developing the theory and methodology of analyzing websites with an ethno-cultural segment; in teaching native language and culture; in promoting web services with the representation of ethnic images. The arsenal of ethno-cultural elements contained in the Internet space is one of the highly effective forms of preserving and developing ethnic identity.

В статье представлена рецензия на монографию А. С. Романова, которая посвящена исследованию национально-культурной специфики этнических стереотипов армейского социума США на материале английского языка.

The article discusses views by some Russian social scientists, mainly ethnologists and historians from the second half of XIX till the beginning of the XXI centuries, about dynamical tendencies of the ethnic processes and desirable changes in that sphere. The positive and negative prognoses of ethnic dynamics, views by Nikolay Danilevsky, some questions connected with the notion of ethnicity and some other subjects are discussed. Several science schools that appeared for the last century, some of which are still continuing to develop and others already not, are regarded. The attention is paid to the fact that the ethnic policy inter alia the language policy has not been already optimal but frequently depended on prevailing political doctrines but has been adjusted by the mass behavior. The question about what should be considered as a positive solution of ethnic and language problems is still open. The attention is paid to the fact that doing professional ethnological examinations is necessary and that many factors of the ethnic processes lie outside the sphere of ethnicity. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению представлений ряда российских обществоведов, главным образом этнологов и историков, второй половины XIX – начала XXI в. о тенденциях развития этнических процессов, а также о желательных изменениях в этой сфере. Обсуждаются случаи позитивных и негативных прогнозов развития этнических общностей, взгляды Н.Я. Данилевского, некоторые вопросы, связанные с категорией этничности и ряд других сюжетов. Рассматривается несколько научных направлений, возникших за последнее столетие, некоторые из которых продолжают развиваться, тогда как другие – уже нет. Обращается внимание на то, что этническая (в частности, языковая) политика не всегда была оптимальной, а чаще зависела от господствовавших общеполитических доктрин, но при этом корректировалась массовым поведением. Остается открытым вопрос, что именно следует считать положительным решением этнических и языковых вопросов. Обращается внимание на необходимость проведения профессиональных этнологических экспертиз, а также на то, что многие факторы этнических процессов лежат за пределами этнической сферы.

The main problem to be solved within the research project is the issue of the sense and social importance of ethnic cultural organizations (ECO) in the contemporary Russian society and in the Udmurt Republic in particular. The research constituted a basis for the development of an analytical conception of ethnic identity. This conception allows one to consider ethnic identity as a process of constructing models and concepts of ethnicity within the theoretical and political discourse