Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Все расширяющиеся деловые и культурные межнациональные контакты требуют хотя бы минимальных знаний о том, что принято, а что не принято в другой стране. Нарушение правил может обернуться большими неприятностями. Каждый человек, который претендует на принадлежность к культурному обществу, должен взять за непременное правило, любя свои обычаи, уважать чужие. В статье поднимается вопрос о специальном изучении «поведенческой» специфики, особенностей принятого в данном обществе этикета.
All expanding business and cultural interethnic contacts require at least a minimum knowledge of what is accepted and what is not accepted in another country. Breaking the rules can get you in big trouble. Each person, respecting and appreciating his own customs, should make it an indispensable rule to respect the customs of others. The article raises the question of a special study of «behavioral» specifics, features of the etiquette adopted in a given society.

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of ethnic identity in interethnic and mono-ethnic families on the example of St. Petersburg, and is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in 2017. During the study, members of 106 interethnic families were interviewed and 45 mono-ethnic families were analyzed as a control group. The main conclusions of the study include the following. In interethnic families ethnic identity is established, in the case of a mono-ethnic identity it coincides with the identity of mothers, mostly Russians. In general, the influence of mothers on the ethnic self-identification of children is stronger than the impact of fathers. This is due to the dominance of maternal socialization, inherent in the national tradition, and also because most Russian mothers bring up their children in the Russian cultural environment. The attitude towards their ethnic identity in children is more indifferent compared to the sense of "national pride" inherent in most parents. For all categories of the sample, with the exception of fathers from interethnic families, cultural signs of self-identification are more important than others. Fathers of different cultures allot special importance to blood kinship. The main features of ethnic consolidation for all survey participants are cultural traditions and the native language. National identity for all survey participants, except for "non-Russian" fathers, prevails over ethnic self-determination. Ethnic prejudices dominate over religious prejudices. In comparison to Christians, Muslims are more rejecting. The presence of ethnic prejudice is not connected with membership in an interethnic or mono-ethnic family, and is most likely due to the personal attitudes of the respondents.

Situations with uncertain developments and results are more often taking place in the world of politics. In this regard, the role of actors who are interested in the implementation of plans for peaceful conflict resolution and non-violence is becoming more urgent. The modern world is replete with situations in which a decision should be made only by qualified intermediaries (mediators), whose purpose is to resolve the conflict by the most effective and painless method. This article discusses the main aspects of the technology which is new for the political reality - political mediation as a vital means for solving complex inter-ethnic and interconfessional problems. The author attempts to identify general and specific characteristics of the conflict field that are peculiar for both international and inter-ethnic contradictions arising in the process of multilateral relations of nations with each other and between ethnic groups in multi-ethnic space. At this, the attention is focused on the fact that the conflicts arise out of the contradictions between the interests of these social organisms. The article provides the system of argumentation of the thesis that the use of mediation technologies helps to achieve the combination of the parties' autonomy and to guarantee a mutually beneficial result on a common ground. For this purpose the conflicting parties endow a third party with certain powers - the mediator, who is involved in order to look at the conflict from the side and help conflicting actors to get rid of excessive emotion and bias in a dispute. Thus, political mediation is a form of alternative expert and political dispute resolution and settlement, voluntarily elected by conflicting communities on the basis of their desire to reach agreement and political objectivity. (author's abstract)

The ethnic toponymy of Azerbaijan has unique features. The thousands of years of the ethnic and political history of the nation are also reflected in ethnic toponymy to a greater or lesser extent. They contain essential information about the complex ethnic composition of Azerbaijani territory.Systematic study of ethnic toponymy contributes to gaining extensive knowledge of Turkic peoples' ancient culture and socio-political environment. Descriptive-nomological studies provide a clear scientific idea of the historical formation of the people, including the tribes that inhabited the territory.

The article is devoted to the understanding of modern aspects of identity in Dagestan society, which largely determine the qualitative characteristics of regional society and the main ways of its further development. The main method of research is sociological surveys of 2015-2019, the results of which allow to assess the dynamics of the development of the all-Russian civil identity, the status of Russian and native languages in the Republic, etc.

В условиях глобализации общества национальные культуры сближаются и возникает угроза поглощения одними этническими культурами других. Интернет-пространство может стать огромной силой воздействия на сохранение и развитие культуры этнической общности. Вопрос сохранения этнической культуры является актуальным для этноса в любой период человеческой цивилизации. В данной работе проанализированы нормативные документы, научные труды и веб-сайты, отражающие этническую культуру. Исследованные веб-сайты сгруппированы по пяти кластерам: официальный интернет-портал Чувашской Республики; веб-сервисы чувашских общественных объединений; веб-представительства организаций; интернет-СМИ; интернет-ресурсы, посвященные этнической культуре чувашского народа. В статье приводятся конкретные примеры веб-сайтов, относящихся к каждому кластеру с краткой характеристикой этнокультурного материала. Получены следующие результаты: классификации типов и видов этнокультурной информации на веб-сайтах; определение критериев для оценивания интернет-площадок с этнокультурным сегментом и сама оценка веб-сайтов. Материалы статьи имеют практическую значимость в дальнейших научных исследованиях, в разработке теории и методологии анализа веб-сайтов с этнокультурным сегментом; в преподавании родного языка и культуры; в продвижении веб-сервисов с репрезентацией этнических образов. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать вывод, что содержащийся в интернет-пространстве арсенал этнокультурных элементов является одним из высокоэффективных форм сохранения и развития этнической самоидентификации.
The article reveals that in the conditions of globalization of society, national cultures are converging and there is a threat of absorption by some ethnic cultures of others, and the Internet space can become a huge force for the preservation and development of the culture of ethnic community. This paper analyzes normative documents, scientific works and websites reflecting ethnic culture. The studied websites are grouped into five clusters: the official Internet portal of the Chuvash Republic; web services of the Chuvash public associations; web representations of organizations; Internet media; Internet resources dedicated to the ethnic culture of the Chuvash people. The article provides specific examples of websites. The following results were obtained: classification of types and kinds of ethno-cultural information on websites; definition of criteria for evaluating Internet sites with an ethno-cultural segment and the evaluation of websites itself. The materials of the article are of practical importance in further scientific research, in developing the theory and methodology of analyzing websites with an ethno-cultural segment; in teaching native language and culture; in promoting web services with the representation of ethnic images. The arsenal of ethno-cultural elements contained in the Internet space is one of the highly effective forms of preserving and developing ethnic identity.

Формирование этнической идентичности сегодня определяется приоритетами воспитания подрастающего поколения и является предметом исследования многих ученых и практиков из разных областей знаний. Необходимость исследования данного феномена обусловливается и тем, что сензитивным периодом формирования этнической идентичности ученые определяют дошкольное детство и младший школьный возраст, а основы ее становления закладываются в семье, где с раннего детства ребенок погружается в этнокультуру, формируемую семейными ценностями, обычаями и традициями. Поэтому актуализируется проблема изучения вовлеченности родителей в процесс формирования этнокультурной идентичности младших школьников. Этническая идентичность выступает субъектно значимой частью гражданской идентичности. В связи с этим востребованными являются вопросы реализации гражданского воспитания на всех уровнях образования, изучения вовлеченности родителей в процесс формирования этнической идентичности своих детей. В рамках статьи на основе теоретического анализа педагогической литературы, педагогического опыта актуализируются понятия «этническая идентичность», «вовлеченность родителей». В работе также интерпретируются результаты эмпирического исследования проблемы вовлеченности родителей в формирование этнической идентичности младших школьников, которое проводилось с использованием опросного метода и анкетирования (с открытыми и закрытыми вопросами). Результаты теоретического анализа вовлеченности родителей в формирование этнической идентичности подтвердили актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы, позволили выявить воспитательный потенциал межпоколенного взаимодействия в семьях. Эмпирические результаты показали, что современные родители мотивированы к формированию этнической идентичности своих детей не только в семье, но и в школе, причем выявилась тенденция увеличения количества родителей, проявляющих инициативу в подготовке, организации и проведении различных видов деятельности по формированию этнической идентичности детей.
The formation of ethnic identity today is determined by the priorities of the upbringing of the younger generation and is the subject of research by many scientists and practitioners from various fields of knowledge. The need to study this phenomenon is also due to the fact that scientists define preschool childhood and primary school age as a sensitive period for the formation of ethnic identity, and the foundations of its formation are laid in the family, where from early childhood the child is immersed in ethnoculture formed by family values, family customs and traditions. Therefore, the problem of studying the involvement of parents in the process of formation of ethnocultural identity at younger schoolchildren is actualized. Ethnic identity is a subjectively significant part of civic identity. In this regard, the issues of the implementation of civic education at all levels of education and the study of parents' involvement in the process of formation of their children's ethnic identity are in demand. Within the framework of the article, the concepts "ethnic identity" and "parental involvement" are actualized on the basis of theoretical analysis of pedagogical research works and pedagogical experience. The paper also interprets the results of the empirical study of the problem of parental involvement in the formation of ethnic identity of junior schoolchildren, which was conducted using the survey method and questionnaires (with open and closed questions). The results of the theoretical analysis of the involvement of parents in the formation of ethnic identity confirmed the relevance of the problem under consideration, made it possible to identify the educational potential of intergenerational interaction in families. The empirical results showed that modern parents are motivated to form the ethnic identity of their children not only in the family, but also at school, and there is a tendency to increase the number of parents who take the initiative in preparing, organizing and conducting various activities for the formation of ethnic identity.

Формирование этнической идентичности сегодня определяется приоритетами воспитания подрастающего поколения и является предметом исследования многих ученых и практиков из разных областей знаний. Необходимость исследования данного феномена обусловливается и тем, что сензитивным периодом формирования этнической идентичности ученые определяют дошкольное детство и младший школьный возраст, а основы ее становления закладываются в семье, где с раннего детства ребенок погружается в этнокультуру, формируемую семейными ценностями, обычаями и традициями. Поэтому актуализируется проблема изучения вовлеченности родителей в процесс формирования этнокультурной идентичности младших школьников. Этническая идентичность выступает субъектно значимой частью гражданской идентичности. В связи с этим востребованными являются вопросы реализации гражданского воспитания на всех уровнях образования, изучения вовлеченности родителей в процесс формирования этнической идентичности своих детей. В рамках статьи на основе теоретического анализа педагогической литературы, педагогического опыта актуализируются понятия «этническая идентичность», «вовлеченность родителей». В работе также интерпретируются результаты эмпирического исследования проблемы вовлеченности родителей в формирование этнической идентичности младших школьников, которое проводилось с использованием опросного метода и анкетирования (с открытыми и закрытыми вопросами). Результаты теоретического анализа вовлеченности родителей в формирование этнической идентичности подтвердили актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы, позволили выявить воспитательный потенциал межпоколенного взаимодействия в семьях. Эмпирические результаты показали, что современные родители мотивированы к формированию этнической идентичности своих детей не только в семье, но и в школе, причем выявилась тенденция увеличения количества родителей, проявляющих инициативу в подготовке, организации и проведении различных видов деятельности по формированию этнической идентичности детей.
The formation of ethnic identity today is determined by the priorities of the upbringing of the younger generation and is the subject of research by many scientists and practitioners from various fields of knowledge. The need to study this phenomenon is also due to the fact that scientists define preschool childhood and primary school age as a sensitive period for the formation of ethnic identity, and the foundations of its formation are laid in the family, where from early childhood the child is immersed in ethnoculture formed by family values, family customs and traditions. Therefore, the problem of studying the involvement of parents in the process of formation of ethnocultural identity at younger schoolchildren is actualized. Ethnic identity is a subjectively significant part of civic identity. In this regard, the issues of the implementation of civic education at all levels of education and the study of parents' involvement in the process of formation of their children's ethnic identity are in demand. Within the framework of the article, the concepts "ethnic identity" and "parental involvement" are actualized on the basis of theoretical analysis of pedagogical research works and pedagogical experience. The paper also interprets the results of the empirical study of the problem of parental involvement in the formation of ethnic identity of junior schoolchildren, which was conducted using the survey method and questionnaires (with open and closed questions). The results of the theoretical analysis of the involvement of parents in the formation of ethnic identity confirmed the relevance of the problem under consideration, made it possible to identify the educational potential of intergenerational interaction in families. The empirical results showed that modern parents are motivated to form the ethnic identity of their children not only in the family, but also at school, and there is a tendency to increase the number of parents who take the initiative in preparing, organizing and conducting various activities for the formation of ethnic identity.

The article analyses the activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts, activities that form a major component of the national security system of the Russian Federation against extremist, including terrorist, threats. The article examines the features and the degree of influence of the main factors on the activities of state structures, religious organisations, public associations for the prevention and suppression of interethnic conflicts. The survey of twenty experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of countering ethno-extremism conducted by the author using the methods of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, as well as the results of mass sociological studies and analysis of scientific works and media publications on the topic of the research allowed to determine the degree of influence of the main factors on the ethno-conflict sphere. It was revealed as a result of the research, that the Russian Orthodox Church, traditional Muslim organisations and public law enforcement organisations, primarily Cossack organisations and voluntary people's guards, have the most positive influence on activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts.

The factor of "spreading the ideology of the" Russian world "" in the context of aggravated relations with Western countries has practically no effect on anti-conflict activities in the ethno-national sphere. Attempts to support foreign followers of the Russian patriotic project evoke nothing more but Russophobic reaction from the political elites in a number of foreign states.

Such factors as "deficiencies in educational and upbringing activities", as well as "pandemic", have a negative impact on the activities aimed at preventing and suppressing ethnic conflicts in Russia. The worst influence on the prevention and suppression of ethnic conflicts, according to the experts interviewed, have "activities of elites in national formations", "migration policy", as well as "development of Internet communications and social networks". The author proves that taking into account the peculiarities and degree of influence of the main factors on activities to prevent and suppress ethnic conflicts will not only allow the authorities to ensure the protection of the Russian society from ethno-national threats but also to more effectively solve important tasks of strengthening the all-Russian self-awareness and spiritual community of the Russian nation, harmonising ethno-national relations and state-civil consolidation in the Russian Federation.

The article examines the ethnic aspects of population migration in rural Bashkiria. The study area, i. e. Fedorovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is distinguished by a high ethno-cultural diversity of the population with six large ethnic groups living there, namely Tatars, Russians, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mordvins and Ukrainians. The methods of research are the analysis of municipal statistics and household books of rural settlements, the study of "genealogical trees", the questioning of people and the autobiographical interviews. Different data sources were used to analyze the dynamics of rural migration at the level of rural settlements of the Fedorovsky district in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. It was found that the migration behavior of population depends on the ethnic structure of rural settlements and their geographical location. The ethnic groups represented in the Fedorovsky district are at different stages of U. Zelinsky migration model, which is reflected in the current migration situation in rural settlements. Collected statistical data allowed selective presentation of the post-Soviet structure of the intraregional geography of rural migration of the population of some settlements in the context of the cities close to the Fedorovsky district, i. e. Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Ishimbai and Meleuz. The final part of the article interprets the results of questioning to describe the mechanism of making a decision on educational migration for residents of three rural settlements with different ethnic structure of population, i. e. Mordovian Kuzminovka, Tatar Deniskino and Chuvash Kiryushino.

Статья посвящена анализу современных политических теорий социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических противоречий на Северном Кавказе. Латентные и потенциальные этнополитические конфликты являются самыми заметными из современных вызовов и угроз гражданскому миру в северокавказском регионе. Становится очевидной фундаментальная проблема, требующая конструктивного решения в целях обеспечения политической стабильности в регионе – это со- действие многоуровневой интеграции. В исследовании утверждается, что эскалация этнической конфликтности является следствием масштабной социальной дезинтеграции, создающей угрозу региональной безопасности. Цель статьи – проанализировать базовые политологические теории и концепты, посвященные анализу социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических конфликтов в северокавказском регионе. По мнению автора, стратегия разрешения этнических конфликтов, основанная на социокультурной интеграции, является высокоэффективным ресурсом миростроительства и мироподдержания. На основе проведенного анализа делается вывод, что многоуровневая ценностно-нормативная модель интеграции может служить в основном превентивным методом управления этническими конфликтами на Северном Кавказе.

Censuses conducted at the turn of the 21st century reveal an increase in ethnic diversity in Tatarstan. The migration of people, who became the namesakes for Soviet republics and CIS states, has lead to the emergence of unconventional ethnic groups in this region. Matters regarding why some of their members are able to establish themselves in the region, while others are not, as well as the factors which affect the process – all of this has not been sufficiently examined. The key objective of this study was to reveal the subjective socio-cultural conditions for the process of "new" ethnic groups attaching themselves to Tatarstan, them having spent various amounts of time in the republic. In 2016 the authors conducted a study of the aforementioned process while focusing on the Tajiks and Uzbeks living in Tatarstan. Using a qualitative approach (while utilizing interview method), which involved exposing the most typical forms of the subjective perception of migration (phenomenology of M. Weber, A. Schutz, E. Husserl, H. Bergson). In depth interviews revealed that the length of stay and an absence of plans for leaving the region of settlement are insufficient (in some cases even invalid) markers of migrant adaptation: the latter should be determined using the socio-cultural characteristics of inbound migrants. These would include their socialization in their regions of departure, their migration experience and reasons for moving to Tatarstan, whether they have a family or not, their family ties, whether they regard themselves and their children as citizens of the Russian Federation, the degree to which they have absorbed the cultural norms of the host community (which includes knowledge of the local languages), their ethnic identity and interethnic networks. Analyzing these parameters allowed for highlighting three adaptation strategies utilized by Tajiks and Uzbeks living in the Republic of Tatarstan. The first one is represented by those who moved there at the end of the Soviet period, or the beginning of the post-Soviet period. These are the "old inhabitants". This group does not include those who have not integrated, despite them staying in Tatarstan for prolonged periods several times. They do not possess their own residence, or Russian citizenship, and do not seek to attain it. They have no intent to adopt the culture of the host society, often live in isolation, while their families reside in Tajikistan or Uzbekistan. An intermediate position is occupied by migrants who have been living in Tatarstan for quite a long time. All of them are employed, some of them have their own residence and Russian citizenship. Some of them live there together with their families. Such informants consider themselves distant from the locals in terms of culture, while considering their regions of departure to be their homeland. Despite the varying degree of attachment (or lack thereof), one common thing among all of those migrants surveyed is the fact that Islam was one of the key motivational terms of their migration.

The author analyzes and compares the approaches of Russian parliamentary parties to understanding the causes and consequences of inter-ethnic conflicts and parties' reaction on conflicts. The article was written on the basis of content-analysis of parties' materials dedicated to accidents which took place in the towns of Salsk, Kondopoga and Stavropol in 2006-2007.

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches that allow us to study the mobilization potential of ethnic identity in modern geopolitical processes. The article discusses the types of resource mobilization of ethnic identity, capable of ensuring the interests of local communities in the field of preserving ethnocultural values, in rationalizing ethnic identity in order to mobilize a group to protect their interests.