Suchergebnisse

Questa tesi consiste nell'analisi socio-antropologica delle risposte al sisma che il 20 e il 29 maggio ha colpito l'area nord della pianura padano-emiliana, in Italia. La zona precisa di ricerca è stata quella compresa tra i comuni di Mirandola, Cavezzo, Concordia sul Secchia e San Possidonio, della provincia di Modena. Il soggetto specifico è stato Sisma.12, un comitato di terremotati, apartitico e trasversale, che porta avanti specifiche rivendicazioni, elaborando e ponendo in essere politiche "dal basso", che nascono dalle esperienze dei suoi membri, differenti ma partecipate, come alternative alle scelte messe in atto dalle istituzioni. ; This is a contribution to the analysis of the socio-cultural responses to the earthquake that hit the area north of the Po Valley, in Emilia (Italy) on the 20 and 29 of May, 2012. The exact area of research is located in the cities of Mirandola, Cavezzo, Concordia sul Secchia and San Possidonio, all of them situated in the Modena district. The subject of the survey is Sisma.12, a committee founded by some earthquake victims, "not-partisan and ideologically cross" claiming for specific rights. Also offering solutions to such a disaster, starting from the individual experience of its members, though different but participated, as alternative to the choices made by the institutions.

The article develops the theme of the sensorial border as a politic limit with which ethnographer is to deal when the access in the experiential sphere of those who intend to study involves ethical dilemmas. In particular faces the possibility that the ethnographic knowledge is not always to be understood as the overcoming of the given limits to make new contributions to knowledge, but rather as epistemological desertion in front of the risk of being a tool both of what normally is opposed, and of a cognitive device consistent with the dominant social taxonomy. To illustrate this hypothesis is taken into account the current of ethnographic research on sensitive topics and in particular will be discussed critically some researches on fascist and racist organizations. ; L'articolo sviluppa il tema della frontiera sensoriale come limite politico con il quale l'etnografo si trova a fare i conti quando l'accesso alla sfera esperienziale dei soggetti che intende studiare comporta dilemmi etici. In particolare affronta la possibilità che il sapere etnografico non sempre debba essere inteso come superamento dei limiti dati per apportare nuovi contributi alla conoscenza, ma semmai come diserzione epistemologica di fronte al rischio di farsi strumento sia di ciò che normalmente si osteggia, sia di un dispositivo conoscitivo funzionale alla tassonomia sociale dominante. Per illustrare quest'ipotesi viene preso in considerazione il filone di ricerca etnografica sui temi sensibili e in particolare verranno discusse criticamente delle ricerche su organizzazioni fasciste e razziste.

The report is the outcome of a research carried out in 2018 on minorities protection. The ethnographic study took place in four schools located in the areas where the Cimbrian and Mocheno linguistic communities traditionally reside. The report offers a picture both of virtuous practices that strengthen protection and of obstacles that slow down its full realization in a school that is, at the same time, a pedagogical program, a space for socialization and a place where many things happen. In line with applied anthropology, it provides institutional decisions with the support to bridge the gap between a regulatory level that requires "to do in support of minorities" and the operational level where schools factually meet minority pupils.

This article ethnographically explores the form and the content of juridical practices of Guarani people living in the Capitanías of Charagua Norte and Alto Isoso, Bolivia. Starting from the Bolivian legal pluralism main field and through the analysis of some juridical case study, I answer some questions about how the Guarani people act and interpret the legal field in a plural legal context. I argue that such guarani people practice is both rooted in an interlegal field of sense and meaning and product of a legal and political strategy useful to hide and protect the indigenous juridical habitus.

This book is an ethnographic study of reception centers and support services for asylum seekers in Bologna, Italy. Starting from an anthropological perspective, it explores the intersubjective construction of a set of legal categories (i.e., asylum seeker or refugee), to show their implementation and transformation in the everyday life of individuals and institutions. At the same time, this research sheds light on the inherent complexity of asylum seekers' life experiences, which are embedded in a multiplicity of dimensions – political, affective, historical – often overlooked by contemporary asylum systems.

In November 2009 the renewed display of the Museum "Cesare Lombroso" opened to visitors in Turin. A "No Lombroso" cartel of Neo-bourbon and other Southern political associations moved to protest against the Museum. They went to demand the repatriation of the brigand's Villella skull for burial in his birthplace Motta Santa Lucia (CZ). In September 2012, I entered the No Lombroso Facebook group to conduct my online participant observation. The involvement in the day-to-day Facebook interactions highlights the performative construction of the aggressive solidarity into the web communitas.

In November 2009 the renewed display of the Museum "Cesare Lombroso" opened to visitors in Turin. A "No Lombroso" cartel of Neo-bourbon and other Southern political associations moved to protest against the Museum. They went to demand the repatriation of the brigand's Villella skull for burial in his birthplace Motta Santa Lucia (CZ). In September 2012, I entered the No Lombroso Facebook group to conduct my online participant observation. The involvement in the day-to-day Facebook interactions highlights the performative construction of the aggressive solidarity into the web communitas.

This introduction discusses the rhetoric of the 'rule of law'. Based on various ethnographies, it reflect on negotiating order to which legal and illegal definitions are subject in the practice of social agents. The aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the legal anthropological perspective in eradicating the legal monism and in discussing the hegemony of rule of law, shifting attention to the plurality of normative available to rights holders. The paper focuses on the interstices between law and politics and on the new issues that have arisen in the contemporary. These require an openness to an idea of law less dogmatic and hegemonic and therefore flexible, dialogic and negotiated.

La ricerca su ELF ha mostrato che i processi di accomodamento sono più importanti della correttezza linguistica rispetto al modello del parlante nativo. Recentemente vari studi si sono occupati di accomodamento, strategie pragmatiche e multilinguistiche in diversi corpora di ELF dedicati alla comunicazione naturale. Tuttavia, ciò che la ricerca deve ancora affrontare è come i partecipanti si orientino rispetto a questi fenomeni, come essi considerino l'idea di dare priorità all'efficacia della comunicazione piuttosto che all'accuratezza, come essi percepiscano il confronto fra il concetto di proprietà della lingua da parte del nativo e il parlante multilingue. Questo capitolo studia le opinioni di professionisti attraverso interviste etnografiche in una comunità di pratica di BELF. I risultati mostrano che i professionisti tendono a privilegiare l'accomodamento interculturale e rivelano atteggiamenti di apertura nei confronti di risorse multilinguistiche e verso la natura non nativa di ELF. Essi mostrano anche aspetti problematici della comunicazione, che sono superati facendo affidamento su un repertorio condiviso e su risorse multilinguistiche. Altri aspetti problematici che sono emersi riguardano la politica linguistica della propria azienda e l'accesso a lingue diverse dall'inglese. Infine, si sostiene che la ricerca debba affrontare ulteriormente il legame tra le indagini sociolinguistiche dei dati raccolti attraverso il corpus del linguaggio naturale e gli studi etnografici di pratiche e ideologie a livello locale. Tutto ciò sia in gruppi generici di ELF, sia in specifiche comunità di pratica ELF.ELF research has showed that processes of accommodation are more important than linguistic correctness according to a NS model. Recently more studies have explored accommodation, pragmatic and multilingual strategies in different ELF corpora of naturally-occurring exchanges. However, what research still needs to address is how the participants themselves orient to these phenomena, how they view the idea of prioritizing effective communication instead of accuracy, as well as issues of ownership and nativeness versus the multilingual speaker. This paper addresses the views of business professionals through ethnographic interviews in a BELF community of practice. Findings show that professionals tend to prioritize intercultural accommodation and show open attitudes towards multilingual resources and non-nativeness in ELF. They also report challenges to their communication, which they overcome by relying on a shared repertoire and multilingual resources. Other reported challenges concern the company's language policy and the access to languages other than English. Finally, it is argued that more research needs to address the link between sociolinguistic investigations of naturally-occurring corpus data with ethnographic explorations of practices and ideologies at the local level, both in ELF groups generally and ELF communities of practice specifically.

Policy ethnography approaches provide useful qualitative data that offer a nuanced and realistic ground-level view of policies, too often analyzed abstractly from the top. However, the ambition of these approaches must not be limited to producing more precise information. Drawing on fieldwork on the control of welfare recipients in France shows that ethnography, and more specifically direct observation, is particularly suited to uncovering the structural characteristics of the new wave of public policies sweeping through advanced societies in the wake of demise of the Fordist-Keynesian compact. Indeed, among other consequences, the "desobjectification" of the collective categories built during the process of welfare state development leads to more astringent and intense controls of recipients. These controls are based on loose criteria defined in situated practices and interactions. The ethnographic capture and analysis of the concrete practices of the agents of welfare bureaucracies enable us to track and critique the more abstract transformations of the social state in the age of "workfare." Such fieldwork provides an illustration of the empirical and theoretical potentials of critical policy ethnography. ; Gli approcci in termini di policy ethnography sono utili per la raccolta di materiale qualitativo che offre una visione sfumata e realistica di politiche spesso analizzate dall'alto e in modo astratto. Tuttavia, la loro ambizione non deve limitarsi a procurare informazioni più dettagliate. A partire da un'inchiesta sul controllo degli assistiti sociali in Francia, vedremo come il lavoro etnografico sul campo, e in particolare l'osservazione diretta, possano rivelarsi in grado di svelare alcune caratteristiche strutturali dell'intervento pubblico. Nella fattispecie, la de-oggettivazione delle categorie collettive costruite per lo sviluppo dello stato sociale, conduce in particolare a controlli sempre più stretti sugli assistiti. Tali controlli si fondano su criteri vaghi definiti in pratica e in situazione. ...

This article reflects on the contribution that cultural anthropology brings to the interdisciplinary debate on the smart city, and the analytical frameworks through which we can investigate through ethnography the dissemination of information and communication technologies within urban spaces. The essay retraces the debate on new urban policies, and highlights the dichotomy between those for whom the smart city is an instrument of social inclusion, environmental sustainability and economic development, and those who see its potential forms of control and exclusion. We argue that both tendencies share an analytical approach mainly focused on the moment of planning, which is unable to escape from the self-representation of the new urban paradigm as a globalizing and homogenizing force. Drawing from ethnographic cases, the article argues for a "non smart-centered" approach to investigate urban smartization in the context of long-term processes of place-making. This would shed light on the imaginaries produced by smart policies, ICT's informal and unpredictable uses and the ways these (re-)shape senses of locality. ; Questo articolo riflette sul contributo che lo sguardo antropologico può apportare al dibattito interdisciplinare attorno alla smart city e sui quadri interpretativi attraverso i quali approcciarsi etnograficamente all'integrazione delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione nel tessuto cittadino. Il testo ricostruisce il dibattito attorno alla nuova policy urbana, mettendo in luce la contrapposizione tra coloro che vedono nella smart city una risposta ai bisogni di inclusione sociale, sostenibilità ambientale e sviluppo economico, e quegli studi critici che ne mettono in luce le potenziali forme di controllo ed esclusione. Il saggio sottolinea come entrambe le posizioni si fondino su uno sguardo in gran parte interno al momento della progettazione e suggerisce di non restare abbagliati dall'autorappresentazione del nuovo paradigma urbano come forza omogeneizzante e globalizzante. Attraverso l'analisi di alcuni lavori etnografici, il testo sottolinea l'importanza di sviluppare un approccio teorico e metodologico "non-smart-centrico" che possa (ri)comprendere le dinamiche di smartizzazione all'interno di più lunghi e sedimentati processi di costruzione della località, facendo emergere gli immaginari prodotti dalle politiche smart, gli usi informali e imprevisti delle tecnologie e il modo in cui questi contribuiscono a ridefinire il senso dei luoghi.

Legitimation and restitution are structural conditions of the practice of ethnographic fieldwork. An anthropologist must seek legitimacy by the social context in which he/she carries out fieldwork. For almost a century, Social Anthropology did not care about such a reciprocal legitimation, nor did it care much about restitution. Presently, the transformations of the epistemological grounds and the object of Anthropology might dissolve the discipline or urge for a deep reconsideration about its disciplinary identity and the nature of ethnographic knowledge. The latter must become the ground of programs of restitution to the people who made it possible for the researcher to achieve it. The Ethnological Missions, supported by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, are a case in point, which shows how ethnographic activity can maintain its genuine characters and depth, and produce the political conditions for a restitution of its added value that can never be transferred to writing. ; Legittimazione sul campo e restituzione del valore sociale dei saperi acquisiti sono due condizioni strutturali della pratica etnografica. Per più di un secolo, l'Antropologia sociale non ha preso in considerazione il problema della legittimazione dei ricercatori sul terreno e non ha affrontato che rare volte la questione della restituzione. Attualmente, le trasformazioni dei fondamenti epistemologici e degli oggetti della disciplina possono dissolvere l'Antropologia o spingerla verso un profondo ripensamento della sua identità scientifica e della natura del sapere etnografico. Quest'ultimo deve diventare la ragion d'essere di un progetto di restituzione verso coloro che hanno reso possibile al ricercatore di ottenerlo. Le Missioni Etnologiche finanziate dal Ministero degli Affari Esteri sono un esempio che dimostra come l'attività etnografica, conservando i suoi caratteri più autentici e la sua profondità, possa creare le condizioni politiche per una restituzione del proprio valore aggiunto che non potrebbe mai essere trasferita nella scrittura.

This afterword has two aims: a short critical assessment of the so-called "ontological turn" in the human sciences, and a critical commentary on some of the issues raised by the articles gathered in this special issue on the anthropology of the non-human. I argue that, as underlined by all the contributors, the question of how we think about the nature of politics and power relations is crucial for any evaluation of this new "turn". An examination of the treatment given by Descola, Latour, Viveiros de Castro and their followers to the issue of power must account for the differences among these theoretical approaches and the political implications that can be draw from each of them. However, on the whole "ontological" approaches seem to miss the complexity of factors that mediate between the ontological and the political. All the articles of this special issue deal with this issue, though ethnographic case studies concerning diverse fields of research have rarely explored till now an explicitly "onto-political" perspective. Furthermore, the articles cover a range of issues broader than those of "ontological" interest, and so contribute to linking current discussions of the "ontological turn" with other areas of the contemporary anthropological debate.

In this paper I propose a critical examination of the ways in which the intersections between violence, suffering and domination in some of the main new directions of the anthropological study of the relationships between humans and other animals, notably Ingold's approach, Descola's theory of "schemas of the practice", and multispecies ethnography. Apparently, and despite the emphasis given to the sentience and forms of agency of non-human animals, as well as to their being active coparticipants, together with humans, in the construction of social networks and the habitats that bind both, these intersections do not occupy a prominent place in these approaches, both from the point of view of their theoretical framework and from that of the ethnographic descriptions. The elusive place that the intersections between violence, suffering and domination occupies in contemporary approaches to humans/ other animals relationships has an important consequence in the the lack of a mutually constructive confrontation with animal advocacy's movements and with the ethical and political theories to which these movements are inspired. It seems desirable and urgent to consider today the issues of suffering and violence inflicted on non-human animals assuming a careful listening posture at positions other than one's own. Such pluralism, to be adopted both on the level of scientific debate and on that of dialogue between different ethical options, is pointed to by some important proposals developed both in other fields of contemporary anthropology and in the reflection on future prospects for the development of an "ecological justice"

This research investigates the camp for migrants as a political-humanitarian device to face immigration. It is claimed that humanitarianism, a theoretical approach and a set of interventions to face the other's suffering, has expanded its domain of action from war context to everyday political life, though without losing its nature: it is an immediate, temporary, and exceptional reaction to face an emergency. In this respect, Italian migration policies offer a fertile field of study, where humanitarianism proposes a way to manage and, at the same time, to understand (a certain kind of) immigration. In the local and actual context, as it used to happen in conflict times, the primary instrument of humanitarian intervention is the camp. It is a space of protection of real or assumed victims (of war or of forced migration) and, yet, of their limitation, not only from a geographical point of view. In this research, the literature on humanitarianism, its development, action and rhetoric, meets with theoretical and empirical studies on present migrant camps in Europe and in particular in Italy, dealing with them from a main socio-legal perspective, but considering them also in philosophical, anthropological, and geographical terms. Theoretical considerations over humanitarian reaction to migration find support in an ethnographic study the author conducted from November 2016 to October 2017 in a Red Cross migrant camp in the town of Como (North of Italy). Spaces within this camp are analysed through the concept of the "service", i.e. the performance of rituals to assist migrants, which embodies the essence of humanitarianism. The observed place represents a model of migrant "humanitarian camp", a conceptual tool to understand and criticize a growing number of alike spaces in Europe.