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Over the course of the unfolding of the DART initiative and the debates that have ensued, one of the most curious silences has been an absence of explicit discussion of how DA-RT relates to the practice that has historiwcally differentiated social scientific claims from other sorts: peer review. If DA-RT is intended to enforce quality standards, it is taking on a role that peer review has played for quite some time.1 As Dvora Yanow and I asked in an examination of the origins of DA-RT (2016, 11): [W]hat, precisely, is wrong with continuing to rely on peer review for policing epistemiccommunity standards? While the peer review process is not without problems or critics, when it functions well, it draws on [reviewers'] expertise. Informing this expertise are evaluative standards that are to some extent codified in methods texts, but practitioners also draw on expert knowledge that is often known tacitly (Polanyi 1966; Flyvbjerg 2001; Yanow 2015, 277–85; cf. Yashar 2016).

Design of curriculum development based Islamic religious education teachers and learners at the center of the learners become imperative applied in the education unit, because the subject is student learning in school. While the teacher becomes a facilitator should be able to direct, guide and a role model for their students. Islamic religious education curriculum development in general should be based on objectives and competencies, the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, flexibility, integrity, continuity, synchronization, objective and democratic. Additionally, in particular the development of Islamic religious education curriculum principle of curriculum objectives, principles of curriculum content, didactic-methodical principles, principles with regard to media and learning resources, and evaluation principles. Keyword: Curricullum Development Design, Islamic Educations, Teacher and Student-Center

One of the fundamental activities in teacher professional development is the development of teacher skills, especially in conducting classroom action research. For the teachers who are members of the MGMP PAI West Lombok Regency, the teacher's ability to conduct classroom action research is still low. For that, we need an effort that can be used as an alternative to improve this capability, one of the efforts is through training activities. The research subjects were teachers of Islamic Religious Education at MGMP PAI at SMK West Lombok Regency. This research was conducted in two cycles. Methods of data using observation and documentation techniques. data validation used in this action research is democratic validation, process, and dialogue. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the results in the initial conditions, the results of cycle I, the results of cycle II. From the results of the research and training conducted during these two cycles, there was a change in the preparation of classroom actions for teachers who are members of the MGMP PAI, West Lombok Regency.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of teachers in aspects of learning planning, implementation, and assessment of learning Islamic education in Aceh. The research method used is quantitative survey format. The study population was all PAI teachers in East Aceh District, totaling 62 people. The research sample is the whole population (total sampling). The research instrument used a questionnaire Data analysis using inferential statistical tests (F test) assisted by SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that aspects of PAI teacher planning in East Aceh District had been able to apply the 2013 curriculum in learning. This can be seen from their ability to implement PAI learning using the 5M approach and they are able to conduct authentic assessments well. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid by the Regional Government, especially the Aceh Education Office to improve the professionalism of PAI teachers in Aceh so that the objectives of national education can be achieved optimally.

Education is one of the sectors affected by Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This condition makes changes to the learning process, especially in the method of delivering lessons. The government conveyed guidelines for organizing learning from home during the emergency period for the spread of Covid-19 by introducing Daring methods (online methods). The intent of this research is to determine the implementation of online methods in PAI subjects in building the students' charachers. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The location of data collection was taken from two schools, namely SDN Kebonjati and SDN Limusnunggal 1. The results showed that SDN Kebonjati and SDN Limusnunggal 1 systematically used the online method and carried out planning, implementation, and assessment steps in the PAI learning process in order to strengthen the character of the students. The problems that emerge are the lack of students' enthusiasm because they have not been optimally adapted to online learning methods.

Political scientists frequently study government policies—the tools that shape behaviors towards certain outcomes and allocate values in a society. Found in laws, administrative documents, court decrees, and the practices of government administrations, these tools are generally visible and available to the public. Therefore, one may assume that DA-RT—the APSA-sponsored initiative that requires scholars to reference the data they generate and provide other scholars with access to these data by depositing them in a "trusted digital repository"—will not impede public policy researchers. In the pages that follow, I draw from my experience conducting research about sex work-related policies and political activism in the United States to challenge this assumption. To do this, I question DA-RT's conception of data and its understanding of (policy) research as an "extractive" enterprise (Pachirat 2015).

Since its emergence, nationalism has been maintaining its influence on societies and media has enabled the re-production of nationalist ideologies, rituals, symbols, myths and discourses. Nationalism has changed and transformed both over time and among different political regimes and societies. Therefore, in order to fully understand the current state of nationalist ideologies, it is important to examine the historical development of nationalism and its reflections in media. This article examines the emergence and early period of Turkish nationalism and its reflections in the Turkish media. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, particularly during the period between 1923 and 1950, new notions and institutions settled into the society. One of the most important notions during that time was nationalism given that the new Turkish Republic was established as a nation state. Turkish nationalism is mostly affected by political and social changes of the external world. Between the two world wars, extreme nationalist ideologies were popular all around the globe. This atmosphere of the external world also affected Turkish nationalist discourse and its reflections in the media. "Gök-börü" Journal is an important example of extreme Turkish nationalist discourse. The Journal was published in the Autumn of 1942 when Germany was pushing through Russia. This period was also a time when extreme nationalism and racism was occurring in the world and in Turkey, both were popular concepts. The journal can be differentiated from the other Turkic magazines published during the same period by its harsh rhetoric and ideas about blood nationalism. ; No sponsors

Classical Swine Fever (CSF) virus has been confirmed for the first time in pig in Bali. The object of thisstudy was suspected CSF cases diagnosed at the diagnostic laboratory assistantship of the Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine, Udayana University, in 2007-2008. Total number of cases was 12. Case recordsincluded the signalment of case (breed, age, body weight, and the origin of respective case), clinical signs,post-mortem lesions, and histological pictures. CSF virus was confirmed using the standardized reversetranscriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for CSF from European Union. One RT-PCR productwas sequenced. CSF virus was confirmed in seven out of 12 cases (58%). The cDNA sequence wasconfirmed to be specific of CSF E2 protein coding region with 98% homology to one isolate from China thatwas available in GeneBank. Further works are recommended to elucidate the sensitivity of RT-PCR, toclarify some differential diagnose, and to find out the genetic variation of CSF virus in Bali.Key words: classical swine fever virus, Bali, RT-PCR

The reality of Islamic Religious Education is that many problems still occur in schools today. Islamic Religious Education is often considered a boring subject and learning activity. Many factors can cause this, including the unprofessionalism of a PAI teacher or students who are less enthusiastic about studying religious knowledge. So, this study aims to find the problems of Islamic education and its solutions, especially in the quality of Islamic Religious Education teachers. The research method used is library research. The research results are that currently, the teacher is the bearer of the educational mission whose job is to teach based on specific scientific and academic qualities. Then, get material rewards from the state and or other education management parties in which the compensation is not by the energy expended. Several solutions can encourage efforts to improve the problems of these educators, namely (1) increased teacher work discipline and implementation of good learned plans through coached, trained, and workshops. (2) the government and the foundation where teachers serve should pay attention to the welfare of teachers, (3) teachers should study and practice to improve their abilities (4) PAI teachers should be teachers who have met the qualifications

Interview with The Rt Hon Jim Bolger, conducted 14 April 2014 in Wellington, New Zealand, as part of the Commonwealth Oral History Project. The project aims to produce a unique digital research resource on the oral history of the Commonwealth since 1965 through sixty oral history interviews with leading figures in the recent history of the organisation. It will provide an essential research tool for anyone investigating the history of the Commonwealth and will serve to promote interest in and understanding of the organisation. Biography: Bolger, James Brendan 'Jim'. 1935- . Born in Opunake, New Zealand. Elected to the Parliament of New Zealand as MP for King Country in 1972. Minister of Fisheries and Associate Minister of Agriculture, 1977-78. Minister of Labour, 1978-84. Deputy Leader of the Opposition, 1984-86. Leader of the Opposition, 1986-90. Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1990-97. Ambassador to the United States, 1998-2002. Chancellor of Waikato University, 2007- .

With Multicultural education activities that prioritize culture or values in general and globally after social conflicts and prevention in schools, it is expected that as an effort to build a more harmonious life order, based on mutual respect, respect, diversity and promote the principles of humanity and social justice, especially in the education or school environment. Which contains the values of Islam in multicultural education, so students can practice it and understand it so that things that are not desired can be avoided. This is inseparable from the role of PAI teachers in delivering material in class. The main purpose of Multicultural Education is a matter of changing the approach of learning and learning towards providing equal opportunities for each student. So, nothing is sacrificed for the sake of unity. The role of PAI teachers in instilling Islamic values in multicultural education, with a democratic attitude, and trying their best to instill in order to be able to appreciate the differences that exist in students.

Supervisors of Islamic Education (PAI) have a very important role in improving the quality of education both in terms of process and output. Its position as supervisor of PAI subjects in schools to support the implementation of the PAI teacher's duties. The main task is to plan supervision, foster, monitor, and assess the implementation of learning PAI, and prepare supervisor report. Function as a supervisor to carry out academic supervision for teachers PAI. The results of supervision will be the evaluation material to carry out the guidance of PAI teachers. Given the importance of the PAI supervisory duties, it is deemed necessary to optimize the position, the main duty and function so that the PAI supervisor is not considered an unnecessary position. This optimization involves enhancing local government and ministerial cooperation in managing the division of supervisory tasks, developing the profession of PAI supervisors, and making PAI supervisors the first priority to be equipped with the latest knowledge and information related to Islamic religious education.

Lam, Chun Kwong. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. ; Bilbiography: leaves 192-199. ; Acknowlegements --- p.i ; Qing Reign Periods --- p.ii ; Tables and Figures --- p.iii ; Chapter I. --- Preface --- p.1 ; Chapter II. --- Introduction: The Pai Yao and Their Ecological Setting --- p.7 ; Chapter A. --- Population and Location --- p.7 ; Chapter B. --- Physical Environment and Climate --- p.11 ; Chapter C. --- Settlement Pattern --- p.13 ; Chapter D. --- Subsistence Pattern --- p.17 ; Chapter E. --- Migrating History --- p.21 ; Chapter III. --- The Han-Yao Relations --- p.33 ; Chapter A. --- The Spheres of Interaction --- p.33 ; Chapter B. --- The Conflicts between the Pai Yao and the Han Chinese --- p.41 ; Chapter IV. --- The Pai Yao Policy: Ideological Framework --- p.49 ; Chapter A. --- Sinocentric World Order --- p.50 ; Chapter B. --- The Principle of De --- p.51 ; Chapter C. --- The Principle of Nei-wei --- p.55 ; Chapter D. --- Application of the Ideological Principles --- p.56 ; Chapter V. --- The Pai Yao Policy: Practical Measures --- p.66 ; Chapter A. --- The General Strategy --- p.66 ; Chapter B. --- The Military Measure --- p.70 ; Chapter C. --- The Administrative Control --- p.81 ; Chapter D. --- The Educational Measure --- p.97 ; Chapter E. --- The Taxation System --- p.105 ; Chapter F. --- The Works of Individual Officers --- p.108 ; Chapter VI. --- Analysis of the Qing Dynasty's Pai Yao Policy --- p.114 ; Chapter A. --- Conceptual Framework --- p.118 ; Chapter B. --- The Differential Incorporation of the Han Chinese and the Pai Yao --- p.139 ; Chapter C . --- Discussion --- p.166 ; Chapter VII. --- Conclusion --- p.183 ; Chapter A. --- The Principle of Pai Yao Policy --- p.183 ; Chapter B. --- Trends in the Pai Yao Policy --- p.188 ; Bibliography --- p.192

The involvement of RT /RW as a successful team of Paslon Mayor and Deputyota in the Makassar City Election in 2020 is considered to interfere with the functions of the services carried out. This study aims to analyze the issue of neutrality RT / RW from the regulatory side. The results showed that, RT/RW involvement as a successful team of Paslon Mayors and Deputy Mayors in the Makassar Municipal Elections in 2020, due to the absence of prohibitions in the regulation. While expecting RT/RW neutrality in any political momentum, it is not enough with moral appeal, but it requires regulatory assertiveness accompanied by the threat of sanctions. The absence of regulation is also an obstacle for Bawaslu in law enforcement, it is a consequence of the enactment of the principle of legality or in the law of administration of the state known as wetmatigheid van het berstuur.

In this article, the authors review about A.R. Baswedan and his movement through the Arab Party of Indonesia (PAI). A.R Baswedan is an Arab descendant known as the pioneer of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. The author through historical socio-political studies found that A.R Baswedan is an example of Arabic descent who counter Arabism and views between the Arab descendants and the descendants of indigenous Indonesians are the same or equal and the same fate. They both have one nationality, Indonesia. This fusion attitude in the Indonesian citizenship and nationality equation is evident in its movement within the PAI.Keywords: A.R. Baswedan, Biography, and Thought (PAI)