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Striving to become a world leader in political and economic terms, the European Union has been pursuing development policy based on the development of information society, building an innovative knowledge economy and protecting the environment and its resources for nearly two decades. The development and modernisation of the European Union and its Member States are currently dependent on the effects of the implementation of the Europe 2020 socio-economic development strategy pursued since 2010. The author of the study is interested in the prospects for the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Analysing the degree of the realisation of selected indicators of the strategy and socio-economic determinants of the development of the European Union and its Member States the author attempt to resolve the issue of the possibility of full implementation of the strategy by 2020. ; Dążąc do uzyskania pozycji światowego lidera w wymiarze politycznym i gospodarczym Unia Europejska od blisko dwóch dekad stara się realizować politykę rozwoju opartą na rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego, budowie innowacyjnej Gospodarki Opartej na Wiedzy oraz ochronie środowiska naturalnego i jego zasobów. Rozwój oraz modernizacja Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich zależą obecnie od efektów wdrażania realizowanej od 2010 r. strategii rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego Europa 2020. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora pracy są perspektywy wdrażania strategii Europa 2020. Analizując stopień realizacji wybranych wskaźników strategii oraz społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania rozwoju Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich autor opracowania próbuje rozstrzygnąć kwestię możliwości pełnego wdrożenia interesującej go strategii do roku 2020.

Europe/the European Union, with its obvious trump cards, should be an active and efficient player on the international arena. Such are the expectations of the United States, formulated especially by the administration of Barack Obama. However, from the American perspective, the EU has not proved successful as an important international actor, engaged in resolving global problems and prepared to assume greater responsibility for the course of events in the world. This inertia of the EU resulted in the marginalisation of Europe in American politics, as manifested by the latter's pivot to the Pacific Rim. It was only after the developments in the Ukraine, which resulted from Russia's imperial tendencies, that a greater activity and coherence in American and European politics was triggered, having a positive influence also on transatlantic relations. ; Europe/the European Union, with its obvious trump cards, should be an active and efficient player on the international arena. Such are the expectations of the United States, formulated especially by the administration of Barack Obama. However, from the American perspective, the EU has not proved successful as an important international actor, engaged in resolving global problems and prepared to assume greater responsibility for the course of events in the world. This inertia of the EU resulted in the marginalisation of Europe in American politics, as manifested by the latter's pivot to the Pacific Rim. It was only after the developments in the Ukraine, which resulted from Russia's imperial tendencies, that a greater activity and coherence in American and European politics was triggered, having a positive influence also on transatlantic relations.

The purpose of this text is to present the results of a research in which the author analysed succeeding crisis situations that could constitute the basis for some of the changes in the political system of the EC/EU and subsequently made an attempt to delineate a certain scheme behind such behaviours. It is justified to seek the answer to the following question: What is the underlying reason for introducing changes in such situations and is it possible to pinpoint certain shared elements in different cases?To achieve that goal the author takes a closer look on the "empty chair" crisis, Schengen Area crisis and the recent financial crisis in Europe. In order to confirm the actual value of the conducted research, the author will make an attempt to relate his observations to the current geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe with reference to the EU competences in the existing political system.

The purpose of this text is to present the results of a research in which the author analysed succeeding crisis situations that could constitute the basis for some of the changes in the political system of the EC/EU and subsequently made an attempt to delineate a certain scheme behind such behaviours. It is justified to seek the answer to the following question: What is the underlying reason for introducing changes in such situations and is it possible to pinpoint certain shared elements in different cases?To achieve that goal the author takes a closer look on the "empty chair" crisis, Schengen Area crisis and the recent financial crisis in Europe. In order to confirm the actual value of the conducted research, the author will make an attempt to relate his observations to the current geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe with reference to the EU competences in the existing political system.

Multi-level governance is now an established field of public policy research. In this context there is a need to introduce two new concepts: substantiation of public policy goals and multi- level coordination of public policy goals. In the study based on this assumption a qualitative approach is used. Usefulness of these two concepts was proved by participatory action policy research on one specific goal substantiated and coordinated within Europe 2020 Strategy in the policy area of poverty. In the course of the research (2012-2015) the author was a representative of the network of social NGOs in the governmental body responsible for implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy in Poland. The main action research tool was an attempt to modify the goal of poverty reduction decided by the government in 2011. In that process rich data was generated, analyzed, interpreted and used for subsequent actions. The effect of the research is a deep insight and understanding of multi-level governance process in a specific policy area and a proposal for two new concepts. Emerging new research areas were proposed and discussed.

The aim of this publication is to outline changes that have been observed in Poland and to present the place of the Polish industry, including production, services and international trade, since the accession to the European Union. Rating highly the role of industry and proper conducting of a pro-growth policy in Poland and the European Union, one part of the study concerns the analysis of basic indicators of the Polish industry structure and the final part the realization of the Europe 2020 strategy. The analytical description in the publication was enriched with a wide set of tables, as well as a crosssectional collection of information on industry in Poland and on the European Union member states in rank order. The high dynamics observed in Poland resulted, among others, from an over double growth in the production of electrical equipment, computers, electronic and optical products as well as of metal products. The Strategy Europe 2020 is a socio-economic development programme for Poland and the EU growth. The goal of the Europe 2020 strategy is to create the economy - based on knowledge, low-emission policies promoting environmentally friendly technologies, making an efficient use of resources, and also aiming at social cohesion. ; Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie zmian, jakie dokonały się w polskim przemyśle, z uwzględnieniem sfery produkcji i usług oraz wymiany międzynarodowej po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Doceniając znaczenie właściwego prowadzenia polityki prorozwojowej w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej, jeden z podpunktów poświęcono analizie tendencji dotyczącej podstawowych wskaźników rozwoju przemysłu w Polsce, a ostatni strategii Europa 2020. W publikacji opis analityczny został uzupełniony zestawem danych ujętych w tabelach ilustrujących rozwój przemysłu w Polsce na tle Unii Europejskiej. W artykule wskazano, że na dynamikę produkcji w Polsce wpłynął m.in. ponad dwukrotny wzrost w zakresie produkcji urządzeń elektrycznych, komputerów, wyrobów elektronicznych i optycznych, a także w produkcji wyrobów z metali. Strategia Europa 2020 to dla Polski i UE program wzrostu i rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Efektem realizacji strategii Europa 2020 ma być gospodarka oparta na wiedzy, niskoemisyjna, promująca technologie przyjazne środowisku, oszczędzająca zasoby, a zarazem zachowująca dbałość o spójność społeczną.

W czasie II wojny światowej wyszła z koncepcją integracji Europy Środkowej we współpracy z Czechosłowacją. Polska tradycja wolności i pokojowych unii z sąsiednimi narodami była alternatywą dla niemieckiej i radzieckiej jedności Europy Środkowej na drodze przemocy. Polski plan pokojowej i dobrowolnej integracji państw Europy Środkowej miał im przynieść bezpieczeństwo i rozwój oraz regionalną solidarność i niezależność od wrogich i sojuszniczych mocarstw. Stałe spotkania polskiego rządu w Londynie z ośmioma emigracyjnymi rządami państw okupowanych miały doprowadzić do powstania subregionalnych związków państw. Miały być jednym z filarów pokoju i bezpieczeństwa w Europie obok mocarstw. Sprzeciw ZSRR uniemożliwił realizację polskich planów. ; During World War II, Poland put forward the concept of the integration of Cen¬tral Europe in cooperation with Czechoslovakia. The Polish tradition of freedom and peaceful union with its neighbors was an alternative to Germany and the Soviet Union uniting Central Europe through violence. The Polish plan of peaceful and voluntary integration of Central European states was to have secured their security and develop¬ment, as well as regional solidarity and independence from hostile and allied pow¬ers. Regular meetings of the Polish government-in-exile in London with eight emigre governments of the occupied countries were expected to lead to the establishment of subregional associations of states. They were to have become one of the pillars of peace and security in Europe alongside European powers. However, opposition from the USSR thwarted the implementation of the Polish plans.

W czasie II wojny światowej wyszła z koncepcją integracji Europy Środkowej we współpracy z Czechosłowacją. Polska tradycja wolności i pokojowych unii z sąsiednimi narodami była alternatywą dla niemieckiej i radzieckiej jedności Europy Środkowej na drodze przemocy. Polski plan pokojowej i dobrowolnej integracji państw Europy Środkowej miał im przynieść bezpieczeństwo i rozwój oraz regionalną solidarność i niezależność od wrogich i sojuszniczych mocarstw. Stałe spotkania polskiego rządu w Londynie z ośmioma emigracyjnymi rządami państw okupowanych miały doprowadzić do powstania subregionalnych związków państw. Miały być jednym z filarów pokoju i bezpieczeństwa w Europie obok mocarstw. Sprzeciw ZSRR uniemożliwił realizację polskich planów. ; During World War II, Poland put forward the concept of the integration of Cen­tral Europe in cooperation with Czechoslovakia. The Polish tradition of freedom and peaceful union with its neighbors was an alternative to Germany and the Soviet Union uniting Central Europe through violence. The Polish plan of peaceful and voluntary integration of Central European states was to have secured their security and develop­ment, as well as regional solidarity and independence from hostile and allied pow­ers. Regular meetings of the Polish government-in-exile in London with eight emigre governments of the occupied countries were expected to lead to the establishment of subregional associations of states. They were to have become one of the pillars of peace and security in Europe alongside European powers. However, opposition from the USSR thwarted the implementation of the Polish plans.

Ukraine, which has been a sovereign state since 1991, is facing a dilemma whether it should direct its foreign policy towards Western Europe or intensify the collaboration within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Since the Ukraine has perceived itself as a geographical, cultural and historical part of Europe al- most from the first days of independence she has undertaken to become permanently rooted in the family of European states. It was a consequence of the policy directed to- wards Western Europe and the United States that Kiev declared its readiness to become a rightful member of the European Union and NATO. Ukraine has combined her efforts to integrate with both these bodies, which is illustrated in the activity of Kiev that treats both these directions as the complementary elements of a singl e strategy anorientation towards the West.