Suchergebnisse

"Since the turn of the twenty-first century, Canadian unions have scored a number of important Supreme Court victories, securing constitutional rights to picket, bargain collectively, and strike. But how did the labour movement, historically hostile to judicial intervention in labour relations, come to embrace Charter-based legal activism as a first line of defense as opposed to a last resort? "Unions in Court" documents the evolution of the Canadian labour movement's engagement with the Charter, demonstrating how and why labour has adopted a controversial, Charter-based legal strategy to challenge and change legislation that restricts union rights. Savage and Smith argue that the ascendance of neoliberalism in the 1990s forced unions to reconsider their relationships with the courts and governments, and pushed unions back into the legal arena. This book's in-depth examination of constitutional labour rights will have critical implications for labour movements as well as activists in other fields."--

In Khlaifia and Others v. Italy, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (Grand Chamber or Court) released a landmark opinion with broad implications for how states must respect the individual rights of migrants. In the judgment, issued on December 15, 2016, the Court held that Italy's treatment of migrants after the Arab Spring violated the requirement of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) that migrants receive procedural guarantees that enable them to challenge their detention and expulsion. The Court also held that Italy's treatment of migrants in detention centers did not violate the ECHR's prohibition on cruel and inhuman treatment, in part due to the emergency circumstances involved. The Court further held that Italy's return of migrants to Tunisia did not violate the prohibition on collective expulsion in Article 4 of Protocol 4 of the ECHR. Enforcement of the judgment would require many European states to provide a clear basis in domestic law for the detention of migrants and asylum-seekers. Given the global diffusion of state practices involving migrants, and other states' desires to restrict migration, this case has broad implications for delineating the obligations of states to migrants and the rights of migrants within receiving countries.

The present global scenario signifies girls and women as more disadvantaged group especially in the case of developing countries were reproductive health problems are acute for adolescent girls. Early marriages; pregnancy related problems and sexually transmitted Infections including HIV makes adolescent girls more vulnerable. Conditions prevailing in Pakistan are not very different from other developing nations. It is crucial to invest in female adolescents at the stage of early adolescence when the average age of marriage is only 19 in Pakistan. Therefore it is important to learn about adolescent girls' health status and their readiness to take on adult roles and responsibilities and the support which they are receiving from their families, communities and governments. This research is to assess the role of community stakeholders in providing Sexual Reproductive Health Rights to early adolescent girls as this will determine their own future and the future of their countries. A cross sectional study was conducted in 18 public schools of Karachi and 384 adolescent girls were interviewed using structured questionnaire. A significant association was observed between community role and access to Sexual Reproductive Health Rights of adolescents. Only 40% girls were found receiving some help by community other than their family whereas knowledge about pubertal changes during the time of adolescence found 11%. Level of awareness about Sexual and Reproductive health was found to be very meager in study. The study reveals that adolescents source of information regarding adolescence issues depend 60% on their family, however access to health in case of problems and complication during menstruation has been found to be only 2%. The study has revealed that adolescent girls are deprived the right to information about health specially matters to puberty which leads to many problems and complicationsabout reproductive and general health. Study reveals less participation of community and depicts significant need for consideration and consistent community based intervention in providing sexual reproductive health rights to early adolescent's girls.