Suchergebnisse

Eine moderate euroweite Inflationsrate in Höhe von etwa zwei Prozentpunkten seit Beginn der Europäischen Währungsunion (EWU) im Jahre 1999 bedeutet nicht, dass auch in jedem Mitgliedsland die Preise auf diesem Niveau wachsen. In den ersten Jahren waren die Inflationsdifferentiale innerhalb des Euroraums so gross, dass bspw. Irland das Maastrichter Kriterium für den Beitritt zur EWU, wonach die nationalen Inflationsraten um nicht mehr als 1,5 Prozentpunkte vom Durchschnitt der drei preisstabilsten Länder abweichen dürfen, regelmässig verfehlt hätte. Inflationsdifferenzen innerhalb von Währungsräumen sind nicht ungewöhnlich, wie der amerikanische oder deutsche Währungsraum zeigt. In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit erfolgt zunächst eine Einführung in die Messung von Inflation und Inflationsdifferenzen. Anschliessend wird das Ausmass und die Entwicklung der Inflationsdifferentiale in der EWU dargestellt und mit der Entwicklung in anderen Währungsräumen verglichen. Abschliessend werden potentiellen Ursachen für die Inflationsdifferentiale in der EWU vorgestellt sowie deren empirische Bedeutung analysiert. Zum einen werden das spezielle Konstruktionsverfahren der nationalen HVPI sowie institutionelle Gründe in Form von staatlicher Preisadministrierung als mögliche Ursachen für die Inflationsdifferenzen identifiziert. Zum anderen kommen Konvergenzprozesse in Form von Nivellierungen von Preisdifferenzen auf den internationalen Gütermärkten bzw. aufholendem Wachstum in Niedrigeinkommensländern der EWU als denkbare Erklärungsansätze in Frage. Ausserdem wird die Bedeutung von strukturellen Unterschieden zwischen den Teilnahmeländern ausführlich untersucht, da diese in Verbindung mit makroökonomischen Schocks Inflationsdifferentiale verursachen können. Dabei wird auch die Rolle der Geldpolitik näher beleuchtet.

The subject of this thesis is the analysis of monetary incentives and non-monetary factors influencing the behavior and compensation of managers. For a long time, controlling research on behavior management focused on the effect of monetary incentives. For some years, however, non-monetary incentives or influencing factors have increasingly been the focus of attention. These can be phenomena as diverse as the perceived pressure on decision-makers or the composition of decision-making bodies. This thesis contributes to this highly relevant area of research by examining (1) the impact of waiving monetary incentives and its effect on performance, (2) the detailed composition of monetary and non-monetary incentives and the effect of non-monetary incentives as substitut for and complement to monetary incentives, and (3) the influence of social relationships on the compensation committee evaluation process. The main findings are that (i) the use of monetary incentives does not necessarily improve performance, (ii) non-monetary incentives can be effective especially for objectives whose achievement is associated with complex tasks, (iii) possible interactions between the monetary and non-monetary incentives can occur, where the monetary objectives can dominate the non-monetary objectives, (iv) social relationships influence the evaluation process and thus independence between decision makers cannot be guaranteed.

Wolfgang J. Mückl (Hrsg.) ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- PVA 2000.3585

Due to the substantial rise in the importance of international & national NGOs, an open working group of the UN is discussing "General Review of Arrangements for Consultations with Nongovernmental Organizations" that includes not only the member states, but also accredited international NGOs (INGOs). Current interaction between the UN & NGOs is limited to consultation agreements with almost exclusively INGOs, & are conducted through the ECOSOC rather than other main UN organizations, although the existing consultations relationships in fact go far beyond the scope of the ECOSOC regulations. Restructuring of the formal relationship, however, generates political pressure on UN member states at the international & national levels, as various groups have different expectations with disputes between NGOs & national governments, between northern & southern NGOs, & between NGOs & INGOs. A compromise is necessary that requires organizationally technical issues to be addressed on the part of the UN, while the NGOs must work toward better democratization, independence, & coordination of their interests. 9 References. L. Kehl

This Review focus, pointed towards the subject of the organization, has triggered a heated debate with original discussion topics about the traits and models that governments assume (or should assume) both in the public and private sphere. The no longer exploratory theorization, that focuses on popular sovereignty as a construction and finalization criteria for republican institutions, finds other important declinations, such as in the duty of the administrative action's organization or as fundamental opposition to any higher-order project that is not conform to the systematics originated from the normative dimension of the person. This is the background in which it is possible to reconstruct a recent story, characterized by two deep crisis (the first of a financial nature and the second concerning health) that determined, in a decade, profound changes, also in organisational terms, with common interesting traits. The analysis below focuses on the selected structures for the monetary and credit government, with the aim, on the one side, of giving summary of the main innovative governance and regulation mechanisms introduced recently in the EU, and, on the other side, of illustrating the main critical aspects emerged from the point of view of their operation and of the correct functional exercise. Even if it is still an evolving phase, the revealed models show coordination and uniformity limits in the operation, relatively difficult to solve: for those reasons, it is proposed, next to the operation and the function, a third analysis parameter to identify external purposes from the mercantilistic[1]economic horizon. A perspective, where the protection of fundamental rights of the person has been made center of any economic policy, means assuring an alignment of the base principles of any Charte and Treaty, and ensures also a guarantee of stability of the system itself – compared to the dynamism of economic activities – insofar as this last accepts and is inspired from the reality to whom it is directed. ...