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[The Mediterranean Dimension of the European Union's External Relations after the Arab Spring] Ever since the foundation of the European Economic Community, the EU has been paying special attention to the Mediterranean dimension. The relationships with the Mediterranean neighbour countries are based rather on geopolitical than on economic reasons. They are characterized by the continuous oscillation between bilateral and multilateral instruments. The Barcelona Process, the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Union for the Mediterranean belong to the first category of tools. Mutual dialogue is, nonetheless, still grounded on the bilateral dimension, namely on association agreements. Due to the Arab Spring these legal instruments have been put on standby. A new approach has been introduced. The Euro-Mediterranean relations are now, as it seems, inspired by caution and pragmatism.

1ères lignes: In Italy, Spain and France, slums are far from being overcome, despite action taken by the competent authorities. When did they happen and how have they changed over the years? Who lives there? Have national and local policies in this regard had a positive impact or have they led to the continuation of the status quo? ; 1ères lignes : In Italia, in Spagna e in Francia le baraccopoli sono una realtà lontana dall'essere superata, nonostante gli interventi posti in essere da parte delle autorità competenti. Quando sono sorte e come sono cambiate nel corso degli anni? Chi vi abita? Le politiche nazionali e locali al riguardo hanno avuto un impatto positivo o hanno finito col perpetuare lo status quo?

De uitslag van het referendum op 1 juni 2005 over het Europees Grondwettelijke Verdrag legde op dramatische wijze de kloof bloot tussen politieke en publieke opinie als het gaat over Europese beleidsvorming. Tegelijk heeft het Grondwettelijk Verdrag laten zien dat nationale politici en bestuurders er niet in slagen te functioneren als adequate verbindingsschakels tussen 'Europa' en burgers. Tegen deze achtergrond geeft de WRR (naar aanleiding van een adviesaanvraag van de regering) aan hoe de legitimiteit van EU-beleid en de EU als systeem in Nederland kan worden vergroot. De raad analyseert d