Suchergebnisse

The round table discussion was devoted to the development problems facing such scientiic infrastructure facilities of the Russian Federation as the Centers of Shared Multi-Access to Research Equipment (hereinafter CKP) and Unique Research Facilities (hereinafter UNU). The round table participants included representatives of CKP, UNU and the relevant back-up organizations with a long history of successful management of their Centers and Facilities. The Keynote report sought to frame the major problems of CKP and UNU development, indicated the causes of these problems, identiied guidelines to their solution through the strengthening of governmental support to scientiic infrastructure. According to the author of the report, the most challenging issues of CKP and UNU development include: – inadequate capacity building rates and modest performance of the core centers and facilities due to low research activity of potential R&D customers; – conlict of interest between CKP/UNU and their back-up organizations, which are primarily interested to use their centers and facilities for internal research with whatever resources remain to meet orders of external users;76 Круглый стол – reluctance of CKP and UNU staff to provide services, which may not include a research component; – unreasonable indicators of CKP/UNU capacity and performance, which relect performance of back-up organizations instead. To remedy the speciied problems, the speaker suggests: – to speed up the process of legal recognition for CKP and UNU status criteria and to perform conformance inspection of these items of scientiic infrastructure and eliminate those CKP and UNU, which were established just to get access to public funds; – to expand CKP status beyond the scope of research institutions for independent legal units with competitive research equipment and highly skilled research staff; – to include CKP/UNU performance indicators into the list of performance indicators of back-up organizations in an attempt to promote CKP and UNU activities ...

The article analyzes the basic provisions of the draft federal law "On science, technology and innovation activities in the Russian Federation" related to research and innovation infrastructure. The author presents a comparative analysis of the draft law and the norms of the current federal legislation and other normative acts regulating research and innovation infrastructure. The main methods of the research are comparative, technical, analytical and descriptive. In comparison with the current laws, the draft law gives a fuller description of the research infrastructure, in particular, the definitions of its main objects and components (research equipment, scientific collection, unique scientific installation, core facility, megascience installation, fund to support science, etc.). However, there is still no systematic approach to the issue: the draft law doesn't contain neither the definitions of the research infrastructure and its structural features, nor the precise formulation of the relationship between research and innovation infrastructure. All these gaps don't allow obtaining a single interpretation of the research infrastructure, and is a significant disadvantage of the bill. In its further development, the author also recommends taking into account the foreign experience, especially in regulating scientific collections. For example, it is necessary to consider enshrining scientific collections as bioresource centers to provide an opportunity for their subsequent integration with international databases. The article considers the novel about the core facility as an independent legal entity. In addition, the need for creation of the Registry of core shared research facilities, which is stated in the bill, is questionable, given that the web-portal "Research infrastructure of the Russian Federation" (http://ckp-rf.ru) has been successfully operating since 2011. The latest contains information not only about the core facilities, but also unique scientific installations, as well as the results of their ...

Scientiic collaboration continues to increase in frequency and importance. It has the potential to solve complex scientiic problems. The relevance of the research is caused by the role of scientiic collaboration in scientiic and technological sphere. Scientiic collaboration can be deined as a science infrastructure and as a process of intellectual cooperation. The aim of the research is to construct the model of scientiic collaboration in Russian science and technology. This has been gained by solving the following research objectives: deinition of the term «scientiic collaboration», types of collaborations consideration, analysis of intellectual and research infrastructure cooperation methods which take place in Russian scientiic organizations. The main feature of this research is the particular methodology which is based on scientometrics, comparative analysis and scientiic modeling. Scientometrics was used for deining productive scientiic collaboration in Russia. Open sources of information about international and Russian scientiic collaboration, oficial websites of Russian Ministry of Education and Science and Russian Academy of Science, such databases as Russian Statistics Committee and Web of Science can be mentioned as main information resources of the research. Main results of theoretical and practical part of the research are the original authors` vision of the base of scientiic collaborations in formation Russia which meansan effective cooperation of three components: intellectual resources (scientists and research teams), infrastructure (which can provide scientists with regular access to research equipment) and government (as a main regulator). Moreover, it should be mentioned that the main productive development option for Russian scientiic collaboration is territory integration of intellectual resources and research infrastructure.

The concept of scientific infrastructure in the interpretation adopted in the European Union is considered. It is indicated that this is a modern form of organization of scientific information services. The structure of European organizations and projects forming the scientific infrastructure of European organizations is described. The activities of European consortia of scientific infrastructure of social and humanitarian profile, including information resources and services implemented in these consortia, are described in particular detail. It is concluded that the European experience can be very useful for the development of scientific information services in Russia. ; Рассматривается понятие научной инфраструктуры в трактовке, принятой в Евросоюзе. Указывается, что это является современной формой организации служб научной информации. Описывается структура европейских организаций и проектов, образующих научную инфраструктуру европейских организаций. Подробно описывается деятельность европейских консорциумов научной инфраструктуры социального и гуманитарного профиля, в том числе, информационных ресурсов и сервисов, реализованных в этих консорциумах. Делается вывод, что европейский опыт может быть очень полезен для развития служб научной информации в России.

The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.

Introduction. This article continues a series of publications (available at sie-journal.ru) about the results of monitoring the core shared research facilities (CSRF) and large-scale research facilities (LSRF) located in Russian organizations. We provide verified statistical data for 2019. 377 CSRF and 198 LSRF take an active role in monitoring. The results of the monitoring will be provided with the 2020 final report on the research work prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Monitoring Tools. Statistical data was collected by the interviewing CSRF and LSRF representatives through forms stored on the ckp-rf.ru website. Results. The results are presented in tables and figures, providing comprehensive data about the capacities of CSRF and LSRF (amounts, costs and age of the equipment; facility personnel) as well as the usage data (quantity and types of users, utilization ratio, income for the benefit of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets, operating costs). The results of monitoring for 2019 did not reveal nor positive nor negative trends in the development of CSRF and LSRF network. Key indicators – utilization ratio, number of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets obtained with the use of research equipment – increased slightly. Conclusion. The results of monitoring can be used to analyze the Russian scientific infrastructure; to develop a programme of activities related to science and technology policy; to define infrastructure objects for financial support of the Government. ; For citation: Kalyuzhnyi KA. Capacities and Results of Monitoring of Core Shared Research Facilities and Large-Scale Research Facilities for 2019. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2020;15(3):410-440. https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-3.410-440

Innovation infrastructure is one of the key elements of the technology transfer process. In Russia, at the government level, great attention is paid to the construction of new infrastructure, but an appropriate framework for its efectiveness evaluation has not been suiciently developed. In recent years the government has tried out various forms of support for innovation through infrastructure developments, many of which have demonstrated lack of viability in the absence of government subsidies. In the course of the inspection of large-scale projects Supervisory bodies have also discovered the fragmentation and inconsistency of the state policy aimed at construction of regional research infrastructure complexes. The eiciency of local innovation systems is a subject of interest for academic economists. Many rankings are intended to explicitly indicate the comparative advantages of some subjects of the Russian Federation over the others in many diferent aspects. Another line of research relevant to the problem is Regression Modeling. Based on the knowledge production function, Russian researchers studied the dependence of the innovative output in the Russian regions on a large number of factors, including human capital, research funding, productivity of applied research, etc. Despite the impressive number of such works, signiicance of the innovative infrastructure has remained outside the focus of attention. This paper presents the estimates for panel data regression model, which has shown a positive relationship between the presence of innovative territorial cluster and the growth of innovative products. However, under this approach no evidence has been obtained for a positive impact of special economic zones and regional development corporations on regional innovation complexes.

Researches of influence of infrastructure on the economic growth and development of the countries gained currency. However the majority of authors drop the problem of definition of accurate concept of studied object and its criteria out. In the given article various approaches in the definition of «infrastructure» concept, criterion and the characteristics of infrastructure distinguishing it from other capital assets are presented. Such types of infrastructure, as personal, institutional, material, production, social, etc. are considered. Author's definition of infrastructure is given. ; Исследования влияния инфраструктуры на экономический рост и развитие стран получили широкое распространение. Однако большинство авторов проблему определения четкого понятия исследуемого объекта и его критериев опускают. В статье представлены различные подходы в определении понятия «инфраструктура», критерии и характеристики инфраструктуры, отличающие ее от других капитальных активов, рассмотрены такие виды инфраструктуры, как личная, институциональная, материальная, производственная, социальная и др. Дано авторское определение инфраструктуры.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of commercialization of the innovations in the Republic of Belarus. The author analyzes the experience of European countries in the field of innovative development, as well as highlights a number of advantages received by the countries of the European Union. Also in the article are listed the normative legal documents defining the process of commercialization of innovations in the Republic of Belarus. The goal of improving the process of commercializing the results of scientific activity is to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, increase the number of scientific research proposed for financing, and accelerate the process of innovative development of the state. The author considers the benefits that states receive in the effective implementation of the process of commercialization of innovations. The article also draws attention to problems in the field of innovation development infrastructure. Conclusions were drawn with an emphasis on problem issues in the field of commercialization of innovations. ; Статья посвящена анализу процесса коммерциализации инноваций в Республике Беларусь. Автором проанализирован опыт европейских стран в области инновационного развития, а также выделен ряд преимуществ, полученных странами Европейского Союза в области коммерциализации результатов научно-технической деятельности. Также в статье приведены нормативные правовые документы, определяющие процесс осуществления коммерциализации инноваций в Республике Беларусь. Цель совершенствования процесса коммерциализации результатов научной деятельности — повышение конкурентоспособности национальной экономики, увеличение количества предложенных к финансированию научных исследований, а также ускорение процесса инновационного развития государства. Автор рассматривает те выгоды, которые получает государство при эффективном осуществлении процесса коммерциализации инноваций. В статье также привлекается внимание и к проблемам в области инфраструктуры инновационного развития. В завершение сделаны выводы с акцентом на проблемные вопросы в области коммерциализации инноваций.

An article about the transformation of the theory and practice of marketing in terms of e-commerce and network economy. The author considers Internet Marketing as an independent marketing communication in a virtual environment. The main thesis of the article: virtual environment determines the transformation of marketing, changing methods, priorities and structure not only practice, but also the theory of marketing.

Purpose: to define the main ways of increasing the efficiency of regional medical equipment service infrastructure set-up.
Methodology: the method of system approach, comparison and confrontation,
SWOT-analysis, table and abstract-logical methods.
Results: the priority regional policy directions for regulation of the relations in
the field of medical equipment maintenance were defined, including: the development and implementation of the regional medical equipment infrastructure monitoring system; the maintenance department creation on the basis of regional medical establishment; the development of the medical equipment maintenance staff training
system; the amount of financing restoration for the healthcare establishments etc.
Practical implications: the research results can be used in the authorities' activities connected with health service programme development and implementation, with regional budget suggestions preparation in the section of healthcare expenditures.

Article is devoted to the problems of applied economy connected with needs for considerable financing of infrastructure objects for the European Union. Taking into account the scale of demand measured in tens and hundreds of billions euros the national governments meet some difficulties to supply the demand for a number of reasons which are considered in article. It was offered to divide these reasons into four groups – not predicted or predicted low level of investors' demand for state debt obligations, cost of the loan capital taking into account all the risks, national and/or supranational restrictions on a deficit budget level and long-term restrictions in fiscal policy. On the other hand, private investors are afraid of problems of time inconsistency and market failures which essences were also presented in article. At first sight, the public private partnership, types of which were described - BOT, BOOT, BTO, BOO, BOMT, DBOOT and DBFO, can be applied as a way out. ; Статья посвящена проблемам прикладной экономики, связанным с потребностями в значительном финансировании инфраструктурных объектов в странах Европейского союза. Учитывая масштабность спроса, измеряемого в десятки и сотни миллиардов евро национальные правительства испытывают трудности с удовлетворением требуемого объема инвестиций по ряду причин, которые рассмотрены в статье. Предложено разделить эти причины на четыре группы – непрогнозируемый или прогнозируемо низкий уровень спроса инвесторов на государственные долговые обязательства, стоимость заемного капитала с учетом всех рисков, национальные и/или наднациональные ограничения на уровень дефицита в бюджете и ограничения в фискальной политике. С другой стороны, частные инвесторы опасаются проблемы временной противоречивости и провалов рынка, суть которых также представлена в статье. На первый взгляд, выходом из положения может оказаться частно-государственное партнерство, виды которого описаны – BOT, BOOT, BTO, BOO, BOMT, DBOOT и DBFO. ; Стаття присвячена проблемам прикладної економіки, пов'язаним з потребами в значному фінансуванні інфраструктурних об'єктів в країнах Європейського союзу. Враховуючи масштабність попиту, що вимірюється десятками і сотнями мільярдів євро, національні уряди зазнають труднощі із задоволенням необхідного обсягу інвестицій з низки причин, які було розглянуто в статті. Запропоновано розділити ці причини на чотири групи - непрогнозований або прогнозовано низький рівень попиту інвесторів на державні боргові зобов'язання, вартість позикового капіталу з урахуванням усіх ризиків, національні і/або наднаціональні обмеження на рівень дефіциту у бюджеті і обмеження у фіскальній політиці. З іншого боку, приватні інвестори побоюються проблеми часової суперечності та ринкових вадів, суть яких також представлена в статті. На перший погляд, вирішенням проблеми може виявитися приватно-державне партнерство, основні види якого було описано – BOT, BOOT, BTO, BOO, BOMT, DBOOT та DBFO.