The article covers the main areas of culture, as defined in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and highlights the special features of Ukraine's cooperation with the European Union in the sphere of culture. It is pointed out that important areas of cooperation in the field of culture between Ukraine and the EU are the exchange of works of art and the promotion of artists' mobility. Research methods such as empirical (description) and theoretical (content analysis, climbing from abstract to concrete) were used in the writing of the article. ; У статті розглянуто основні напрямки культури, що прописані в Угоді про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС, виділено особливості співробітництва України з Європейським Союзом у сфері культури. Вказано, що важливими ділянками співпраці у сфері культури між Україною та ЄС є обмін витворами мистецтва та сприяння мобільності митців. Під час написання статті були використані такі методи дослідження як емпіричні (опис) та теоретичні (контент-аналіз, сходження від абстрактного до конкретного).
This paper investigates bilateral trade between Ukraine and the European Union in agricultural goods. The possible scenarios of agri-food market development in terms of a free trade area creation (FTA) between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) were analyzed, using a general equilibrium model. This pepper also evaluates a possible influence of trade liberalisation in terms of a free trade area creation (FTA) between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) on the main branches of the economy. Changes in production indexes, welfare, costs of production factors for the main commodities were estimated The suggestions for choosing the optimal format of an FTA between Ukraine and the EU in order to minimize adverse effects on the agri-food sector in the Ukraine and to increase its export potential have been developed.
The purpose of the article is to determine the nature and positions of the British government, political parties of Great Britain, EU member states, the British community and the world community regarding the future membership of the UK in the European Union.The following main tasks are set here: analysis of the vision of the future of the EU and the place of the UK in it by the EU, the British government, supporters and opponents of EU membership (in particular public opinion on this issue). The author emphasizes the UK's special place in the EU: it is one of the EU member states that is not part of the euro area; Like Ireland, she refused to join the Schengen area; Great Britain is one of the main opponents of the introduction of the European Prosecutor's Office; she has a special position in the budgetary sphere. Features of the Brussels summit of 2016 are considered. It is proved that as a result of the Brussels summit, Great Britain has received a special status that will allow its citizens to finally decide on a referendum on the future membership of the UK in the European Union. According to the Brussels agreement, London refused to participate in the policy of an "ever closer union", which was assumed by existing EU agreements. According to the reached compromises, London can not "be obliged to further political integration." Therefore, the paragraphs on the "ever closer union" in the European agreements will henceforth not affect the UK. The Brussels agreement on the special status of the UK in the EU provides for equal rights for the United Kingdom with other EU members, but smaller responsibilities, a signed agreement will come into effect if the British vote in favor of the EU in a referendum. If they oppose, then there will be no deal either, because the UK will withdraw from the EU. But citizens, giving their votes in a referendum, will know that they vote for staying in the EU with a special status. The author concludes that the secession of Great Britain for the EU will mean the loss of its authority, connections in the world and the beginning of theprocess of disintegration, and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU can become the beginning of the end of this supranational organization. Therefore, in order to preserve the integrity of the EU, it is necessary to find answers to a set of challenges facing it. ; Метою статті є визначення характеру і позицій британського уряду, політичних партій Великобританії, країн-учасниць ЄС, британської спільноти та світової громадськості щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Тут поставлені такі основні завдання: аналіз бачення майбутнього ЄС та місця Великобританії в ньому з боку ЄС, уряду Великобританії, прихильників і противників перебування в ЄС (зокрема громадської думки з цього питання). Автор підкреслює особливе місце Великобританії в ЄС: вона є однією з дев'яти країн-членів ЄС, яка не входить до єврозони; поряд з Ірландією, вона відмовилася вступати до Шенгенської зони; Британія є одним із головних противників введення інституту Європейської прокуратури; їй властива особлива позиція в бюджетній сфері. Розглянуто особливості проведення брюссельського саміту 2016 р. Доведено, що у результаті брюссельського саміту Великобританія отримала особливий статус, який надасть можливість її громадянам остаточно визначитися на референдумі щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Згідно брюссельської угоди Лондон відмовився від участі в політиці "дедалі тіснішого союзу", яку передбачали наявні угоди щодо ЄС. Згідно з досягнутим компромісом, Лондон не можна "зобов'язувати до подальшої політичної інтеграції". Тож пункти щодо "дедалі тіснішого союзу" у європейських угодах віднині не стосуватимуться Великобританії. Брюссельська угода про особливий статус Великобританії в ЄС, передбачає рівні для Об'єднаного Королівства права з іншими членами ЄС, але менші обов'язки, підписана наперед угода вступить в силу, якщо на референдумібританці висловляться за ЄС. Якщо вони висловляться проти, то й угоди ніякої не буде, тому що Великобританія вийде з Євросоюзу. Але громадяни, віддаючи свої голоси на референдумі, вже будуть знати, що голосують за те, щоб залишитися в ЄС з особливим статусом. Авторка робить висновок,що сецесія Британії для ЄС означатиме втрату свого авторитету, зв'язків у світі і початок процесу розпаду, а вихід Сполученого королівства зі складу ЄС може стати початком кінця цієїнаднаціональної організації. Тому для збереження цілісності ЄС потрібно знайти відповіді на комплекс викликів, які постали перед ним.
In this paper the author discusses the European Union law as an autonomous legal order independent of international law (which is however part of that law, but stand-alone). The EU system of law named the acquis communautaire binds its members. European Union law consists of primary law and secondary law also called a derivative. In this paper the impact of the principle of primacy of EU law into national law of the Member States is presented, as well as the matter of State liability under EU law intended to ensure the full and effective protection of such a law. Scientific description analyzing finds support primarily in the case law of the ECJ, the Polish Constitutional Court, as well as the relevant provisions of Polish law and the European Union.The author stresses the importance of the accomplishment the obligations coming from memberships European Union. In fact, Member States are obliged to ensure that their citizens can apply EU law, but also the effectiveness of the that law in the area rights of the individual. However, the principle of the responsibility still remains problematic. The European Union has created the entire set of measures in order to ensure full and effective protection of aimed at the protection of EU citizens, which is also capable by institution liability of a Member State for breach of EU law. Procedure of breach by a Member State its obligations is governed by art. 258 -260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The essay discusses closely the procedure that applies to the situation of committing breaches of the obligations that the Member States under the treaties. In that cases, the breach by a Member State its obligations arising from EU membership and provided by the law of the European Union, may lead to the initiation of proceedings by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). ; Застосування права Європейського Союзу державами-членами ЄС породило багато проблем. Особливо викликає спори принцип пріоритетного права Європейського Союзу. Законодавство Європейського Союзу, визначене як acquis communautaire, для держав-членів ЄС є обов'язковим. Законодавство Європейського Союзу є автономним порядком, який не залежить від національного права (є частиною цього права, але автономною).
The article is devoted to the research of a topical and debatable issue regarding the basic aspects of the status of an employee in the European Union, which includes employment of citizens of the European Union and employment of third-country nationals who are not members of the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the issue of illegal labor migration in the European Union in the context of current and integration processes and their impact on the current economic situation in the EU. Every year, the phenomenon of labor migration becomes more relevant, because of the poor economic situation in many countries people are forced to seek employment in other countries and emigrate. But the conditions for such persons are different. For example, for emigrants from other countries of the European Union they will be more or less the same, while for emigrants from third countries they will be completely different. There are many conflicts and disputes and, also there is discrimination, which significantly inhibits the legal status of expatriate workers. Such workers face a lot of barriers with regard to their housing during the period of work, working conditions, salaries, moving their families with them, educating children, moving around the territory of the European Union, desire to stay in the future in the European Union. Most of the issues remain unresolved, which has a very negative effect on emigrant workers. The absence of the rule of law that would regulate this issue binds hands of such a category of people, restricts them in fundamental rights and freedoms, in actions and decisions, which is a direct violation. Nowadays the implementation of the legal status of migrant workers in the European Union is underdeveloped, imperfect, and not uniform for all countries. There is also no well-defined mechanism of legal regulation of labor migration in the works of scientists. So this issue requires a thorough analysis and search for solutions to this problem. In this article we will try to explore the ...
In the scientific article the author investigates the issue of consumer protection in the activities of the European Union. The principle according to which the consumer of the European Union is a weaker party in the obligation is considered. The author analyzes the normative regulation of consumer protection in the European Union. It is shown that classification of consumer rights is supported by a large number of scientists, who divide them in general and special. The term "consumer" and similar terms in EU legislation are considered. The signs of the consumer are defined as categories of law and legislation of the EU. Legislative acts which regulate the application of law in the EU are investigated. Consumer agreement rule is analyzed, according to which the law of the country of origin of the consumer is subject to application. Exceptions to consumer agreements in the Regulation (EU) № 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) are highlighted. Regulatory legal acts which regulate the procedural issues of consumer protection in the EU, in particular Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 'On jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters', also entitled "Brussels I" have been investigated. Application of the Brussels I Regulation about consumer agreements has been researched. Alternative systems which are aimed at minimizing barriers for consumers in the access to justice have been analyzed. Legal regulation, object and content of the Alternative Dispute Resolution system have been investigation. Attention is also focused on the system of interactive dispute resolution, its scope of activities and content. Extra-judicial network of consumer rights protection and its constituent elements, in particular European Extra Judicial Network, ICPEN-Europe, the subgroup, which was set up by the European Commission, European Association for the Coordination of Consumer Representation in Standardization ...
The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes that form the basis of the European Bar, the study of the basics of legal regulation of European lawyers at the national and supranational levels to update the modern model of legal support of advocacy in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the need to transform domestic legal norms and bring them in line with European legal requirements for the legal profession. It is emphasized that the entire system of European Union law testifies to the autonomy of the legal profession, its independence and self-government. Emphasis is placed on the priority of guaranteeing the right to practice legal self-government. It has been found that the uniqueness of the EU lies in the fact that it includes states with specific legal systems. The European Bar is an important institution, the regulation of which is carried out at the national and supranational level of legal regulation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the General Code of Rules for Advocates developed by the Council of Advocates and Law Societies of Europe. This code constitutes a system of rules that are decisive for bar associations. These rules are clearly correlated with the system of basic tasks performed by lawyers as members of a bar association. It has been found that the bar of the EU is a powerful self-governing organization with an extensive system of self-governing bodies. Such a system is able to ensure the effective operation of the legal profession, training of lawyers and advanced training, quality of legal services, adherence to legal ethics and corporate culture of lawyers, timely disciplinary action for violations in the professional activities of lawyers. It is noted that the system of bar self-government bodies of the European Union is quite heterogeneous. The primary level of self-governing institutions is formed depending on the judicial districts (districts of the Tribunals of the first instance). In many countries, membership of bar associations (chambers or orders of ...
The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).
The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).
The article deals with the issue of the operation of Civil Service Tribunal of the European Union from the moment the decision was made in 2004 to establish it until the termination of its operation in 2016. The Public Service Tribunal had been the only specialized court created by this time. It was found that the Nice Treaty of 2001 provided for a flexible solution to the problem: the Council of the European Union had the right to establish new judicial bodies of special jurisdiction as the third (lower) part of the EU judicial system. The author analyzes the reasons for the introduction of a special judicial body - Civil Service Tribunal. The Protocol No. 3 on the Statute of the European Union Court, which regulates the functioning of the specialized tribunal, has been researched. The article also examines the jurisdiction of the Civil Service Tribunal, internal structure, structure. It has been established that the European Union Public Service Tribunal exercised the authority of the first instance to resolve disputes between the Union and its employees in matters concerning labor relations, the social protection system, and had the right to consider disputes between all EU bodies and institutions, for example, between Europol and European Investment Bank. The analysis of the implementation of reform in the European Union judicial system, the main directions of the reform, the approaches that are used in this regard, are revealed, stated that the reform was aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of the European Union Court, optimizing the implementation of its tasks. It was found that the reform envisaged a gradual increase in the number of judges of the General Court and the merger of the Tribunal for Public Service with the General Court. It was investigated that the Tribunal for Public Service was disbanded as a result of apparent disproportionality between the financial costs of its maintenance and the positive outcome of its activities.
The article analyzes the relations between Ukraine and the EU. Ukraine has long been seen as an important political partner of the European Union. The EU is striving for ever closer relations with Ukraine, going beyond mere cooperation, gradual economic integration and deepening political cooperation. The main events that link Ukraine and the European Union are analyzed. The article tells how the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement has changed the vision of the society about the association, and reveals the details of the EU Eastern Program. In parallel with the prospects for EU-Ukraine relations, Ukraine's accession to the EU is analyzed in detail. The author provides information on the current situation and analyses prospects for future. Ukraine has framed significant legislative reforms, aimed at combating corruption, and founded new specialized anti-corruption institutions. Work on the implementation of anti-corruption technologies is still in a process. Some of the new Ukrainian agencies are already actively involved in the fight against corruption. The development of Western European regional integration continues, requiring analysis and synthesis of new phenomena. Even a thorough analysis of the political dimension of this process, an attempt been made in the study, can not give exhaustive answer to many urgent issues. Since discussions about the ultimate goals of integration, in particular forms of its implementation, the breadth of geopolitical coverage are not yet complete.
The scientific article is devoted to the videoconferencing in court proceedings by international law and the law of some European Union countries. The videoconferencing definition, the right to justice protection on the main international legal sources about the trial regulation and human rights to justice protection bases are studied, the procedural stages of court hearings by videoconference are analyzed. Carrying out comparative legal research at our country present stage legal transformation and development, especially related to the emergence of new, modern legal relations, is primarily due to the need to receive international and foreign experience and, consequently, improve current national legislation. It has been established, that the latest technologies introduction in the judicial process at the national and international levels has both advantages and disadvantages and is closely related to the protection and implementation of the right to justice. Normative legal acts about the right to justice consolidation are primary regarding the right of participants in court proceedings to participate in it by videoconference. The attractive side of conducting court hearings online includes: the availability of litigation for all participants, regardless of their location, saving time and money, compliance with legal requirements for the duration of litigation, and so on. Despite the general legal consolidation of the possibility of holding videoconferences in Ukraine and the EU, the procedural features of the rights and obligations of participants in such proceedings remain unclear, as well as unspecified issues regarding the application of different types of technical equipment depending on the conditions of video calls, the possibility of holding meetings outside the court in emergency conditions, etc.
Purpose: highlighting the financial regulation of migration processes in Ukraine in context of European integration on the basis of analyzing their current state and trends according to the new Strategy of the State Migration Policy. Methodology: system structural approach, methods of observation and generalization, method of logical analysis, method of graphical analysis, method of comparison, method of abstraction, method of analogies. Results: on the basis of Ukraine-EU migration processes analysis and their regulation in European integration framework, the priorities of migration processes financial regulation are proposed corresponding the most urgent challenges for Ukraine in the sphere of international migration. Practical implications: further research of the problems of foreign economic activity financial regulation, particularly at the level of international economic relations in context of globalization and Ukraine's European integration; education process including preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and manuals for the courses «Finance», «International Economics». Conclusions: the EU today is the most attractive region for Ukrainian migrants. In context of Ukraine's European integration in 2014-2017 there is a strong trend for migration flows towards emigration, mostly labour one. Ukrainian labor migration by its size and profile does not correspond to the national interests, as economically active population lives Ukraine for the EU. A threatening trend is the gradual transformation of labor migration into a permanent one. This requires developing an adequate system of measures for the regulation of migration processes within the framework of migration policy with its priority towards depopulation reducing. The financial regulation measures proposed, including liquidation of financial system imbalance in the country, attraction of direct investments into the economy, formation of investment resources in the social sphere, tax system reforming, inflation regulation, the financing of ...
The article discloses the formation, development and modern state of private international law in the European Union. The concept of "European private international law", including an analysis of the term in a narrow, wide and broadest sense is revealed in the article. The author analyses three main stages in the development of the private international law in the EU, in particular: formation (1957 ‒ 1999); active development ‒ after the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty (1999 ‒ 2009); modern period ‒ after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty (2009 ‒ present). This article examines the limits of EU legislation as the source of a single law and highlights the difficulties associated with projects on the codification of private law in the EU. Such an approach may be appropriate in the current state of EU integration if it is limited by the rules of binding contract law and the provisions of private international law. Further harmonization of private law in Europe also requires significant changes in the institutional structure for the creation of uniform rules and the development of new methods of regulation. There are three features of the development of the private international law in the EU: 1) the gradual transition from internationalization to Europeanization; 2) evolution to reduce the "flexibility" of conflict regulation of contractual relations through greater certainty in application; 3) if in 1999 the international convention was the source of unification of the private international law, then after this date the regulation becomes the standard source of unification. Private international law in the EU can be defined as the interconnection and interaction between the systems of national law of the EU Member States and the system of uniform (unified) legal norms aimed at regulating private legal relations with a foreign element within the EU. European private international law can be seen in a narrow sense (conflict of law), broad sense (covers conflict and conflict law) and the broadest ...
The article deals with the principles of the formation and the activity of the European Union. The language policy of the EU and the ways of its realization in legal aspects are analyzed. The positive and problematic issues of the development of European languages are identified. The most commonly used terms and concepts in the field of linguistic diversity of the EU are defined. The prospects of functioning of the Ukrainian language in the European Union are outlined.The language policy of the European Union is aimed at developing of the national languages and supporting the learning of foreign languages. The linguistic diversity of the EU is based on the principles of equality and mutual enrichment of different cultures. EU institutions build a language policy based on the harmonious coexistence of official languages, regional and languages of the smaller indigenous peoples of Europe. Each language is a value and serves as a bridge to other countries of the European Union, promotes mutual understanding. Multilingualism expands the opportunities of EU citizens in the labor market, education, sports, professional growth; facilitates access to information in the field of law; facilitates unimpeded travel to the territory of all EU member states. The overwhelming majority of Europeans see successful prospects of the European Union's linguistic policy against the backdrop of a globalized world. The introduction of the concept «EU citizen» does not mean the abolition of national citizenship. It complements it and allows a person to better understand his affiliation with the European Union. The European Union is today one of the largest donors of humanitarian aid in the world. The process of EU enlargement and the laws that guarantee the four basic freedoms of the European Union (free movement of goods, persons, services, capital) contribute to the multicultural and multilingual nature of the EU.Key words: European Union, Schengen, Schengen Area, language policy of the EU, Flag of Europe, Anthem of Europe, Europe Day, European Day of Languages, euro. ; У статті досліджено засади формування та принципи діяльності Європейського Союзу. Проаналізовано мовну політику ЄС та способи її реалізації в правових аспектах. З'ясовано позитивні та проблемні питання розвитку європейських мов. Визначено найбільш уживані терміни й поняття в царині мовного розмаїття ЄС. Окреслено перспективи функціонування української мови в Європейському Союзі.Ключові слова: Європейський Союз, Шенґен, Шенґенська зона, символи Євросоюзу, Європейський прапор, Гімн Європи, День Європи, євро, мовна політика ЄС, Європейський день мов.
