Suchergebnisse

The European Union (EU) is a continuously evolving entity. Starting with six member states in the late 1950s, the EU currently encompasses fifteen states of Western Europe. It is expected to almost double in size in the near future, however, taking in a number of states located in Central and Eastern Europe, in addition to Cyprus and Malta. This dramatic increase has lead to an intensive debate on how the institutions of the EU should be adapted in order to cope with this growth.This book addresses the challenges that EU enlargement and institutional change imply for various policy fields, suc

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables and Boxes -- List of Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introducing Gender and the European Union -- Gender inequalities in Europe -- The EU gender regime: policies, institutions and actors -- Feminist evaluations of the EU gender regime -- This book -- 2 The History of Gender in the European Union -- The beginning: Article 119 on Equal Pay -- The intensification of gender policy in the 1970s -- Incremental development in the 1980s -- Positive action -- Feminist critiques -- Conclusion -- 3 Gendering Political Representation in the European Union -- Improving women's political representation in Europe -- Women in the parliaments of the member states and the European Union -- Women in cabinets in the member states -- Women in the European Commission -- Women in the European Council and the Council of the European Union -- Conclusion -- 4 Policy-Making Processes, Actors and Institutions in the EU from a Gender Perspective -- Policy-making processes and gender in the EU -- Women's policy agencies in the EU -- Civil society groups lobbying for gender equality in the EU -- Co-operation and contestation in 'velvet triangles' -- Conclusion -- 5 The EU Gender Policy: Reconciling Work and Family -- Reconciliation as an example of gender policy -- Legislating for equality: pregnancy, maternity and parental leave directives -- Regulating through soft law: childcare policy -- Conclusion -- 6 Gender Mainstreaming in EU Policy-Making -- The institutionalization of gender mainstreaming in the EU -- Gender mainstreaming in EU development policy -- Assessing gender mainstreaming in the EU -- Gender mainstreaming in EU employment policy -- Conclusion -- 7 Gender Violence in the European Union -- EU policy on trafficking in women: illegal migration and transnational organized crime.

Attribution of international responsibility /Christian Tomuschat --EU international responsibility and its attribution : from the outside looking in /Pieter Jan Kuijper and Esa Paasivirta --Self-control : international organisations and the quest for accountability /Jan Klabbers --Approaches to responsibility in international courts /Malcolm Evans and Phoebe Okowa --International responsibility of the EU and the European Court of Justice /Allan Rosas --Erga omnes, jus cogens and their impact on the law of responsibility /Christian J. Tams and Alessandra Asteriti --EU declarations of competence and international responsibility /Joni Heliskoski --Responsibility of the European Union in the context of investment /Eileen Denza --The 'odd couple': the responsibility of th EU at the WTO /Andres Delgado Casteleiro and Joris Larik --The wrong trousers : state responsibility and international environmental law /Catherine Redgwell --Common but differentiated responsibilities in EU climate change law: a case of double standards? /Chris Hilson --Beyond the either/or : dual attribution to the European Union and to the member state for breach of the ECHR /Enzo Cannizzaro --The international responsibility of the Union in the context of its CSDP operations /Frederik Naert --EU foreign, security and defense policy : a competence-responsibility gap? /Ramses A. Wessel and Leonhard den Hertog.

This book investigates the European Union (EU) policy-making process and why this process has taken major steps to advance environmental regulation in some areas, such as the waste trade, and not in others. The book develops a framework emphasizing decision-making modes, which provide a more nuanced understanding, compared to traditional EU theoretical approaches, of how EU actors make decisions. Using this approach, the work explores three environmental issue areas; transboundary air pollution, the carbon/energy tax proposal, and hazardous waste.

"Over the past five decades, the European Union (EU) has developed into the most legally and politically authoritative regional organization in the world, wielding significant influence across a wide range of issue areas. European Union and Environmental Governance focuses on the growing global role of EU environmental and sustainable development policies in Europe and around the world. Written in a concise and accessible manner, this book introduces and examines the major European and global environmental issues, debates, and policies and provides a critical, evidence-based evaluation of the achievements and shortcomings to date in EU environmental and sustainability governance. Providing both an historical overview and a discussion of the major future legal, political and economic challenges to the realization of EU goals related to better environmental governance, the authors offer a comprehensive introduction to this key issue. This book will be useful reading for students of global environmental politics, comparative environmental politics and policy, international organizations, European politics, and environmental studies. "--

"Over the past five decades, the European Union (EU) has developed into the most legally and politically authoritative regional organization in the world, wielding significant influence across a wide range of issue areas. European Union and Environmental Governance focuses on the growing global role of EU environmental and sustainable development policies in Europe and around the world. Written in a concise and accessible manner, this book introduces and examines the major European and global environmental issues, debates, and policies and provides a critical, evidence-based evaluation of the achievements and shortcomings to date in EU environmental and sustainability governance. Providing both an historical overview and a discussion of the major future legal, political and economic challenges to the realization of EU goals related to better environmental governance, the authors offer a comprehensive introduction to this key issue. This book will be useful reading for students of global environmental politics, comparative environmental politics and policy, international organizations, European politics, and environmental studies."--Provided by publisher

This volume assesses the European Union (EU) as a 'Diplomatic Actor' in key foreign policy fields in the post-Lisbon era. It brings together leading scholars and practitioners in order to examine the main players, processes and outcomes of the EU's collective diplomatic engagement in the fields of security, human rights, trade and finance and environmental politics. In addition, the collection also analyses institutional developments and the EU's responses to major internal and external challenges in the context of international politics and global diplomacy. It provides the first comprehensive overview of the scope, nature and impact of the EU's growing role as a diplomatic actor and offers a comparative analysis of EU diplomacy in bilateral, multilateral and international fora. By taking stock of the successes and failures of EU diplomacy, this volume identifies the main internal and external conditions that shape the EU's influence in global affairs.

Intro -- EUROPEAN UNION: ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS -- EUROPEAN UNION: ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- THE EUROPEAN UNION: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -- Abstract -- What Is the European Union? -- How Does the EU Work? -- How Is the EU Governed? -- What Is the Lisbon Treaty? -- Why and How Is the EU Enlarging? -- Does the EU Have a Foreign Policy? -- Does the EU Have a Defense Policy? -- What Is the Relationship of the EU to NATO? -- What Is Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)? -- Does the EU Have a Trade Policy? -- How Do EU Countries and Citizens View the EU? -- Does the United States Have a Formal Relationship with the EU? -- Who Are U.S. Officials' Counterparts in the EU? -- How Are U.S.-EU Economic Relations Doing? -- References -- THE EUROPEAN UNION'S REFORM PROCESS: THE LISBON TREATY -- Abstract -- Background -- The Constitutional Treaty -- The Lisbon Treaty -- Key Reforms -- Implementing the Treaty -- Implications for the United States -- References -- THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT -- Abstract -- Role of the European Parliament -- Legislative Process -- Budgetary Process -- Supervision and Oversight Responsibilities -- Organization of the European Parliament -- Political Groups -- The EP President -- Committees -- Delegations -- Administration -- Location -- Languages -- Challenges -- The European Parliament and the U.S. Congress -- References -- EUROPEAN UNION ENLARGEMENT: A STATUS REPORT ON TURKEY'S ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS -- Abstract -- The EU Accession Process [1] -- The Cyprus Dilemma [6] -- Turkey's Initial Path to European Union Accession -- Current Status of Turkey's Accession -- Possible Scenarios -- U.S. Perspectives -- Assessment -- References -- MARITIME POLICY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: AN INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY APPROACH -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction

This book analyses European foreign policy as the activity of the European Union (EU) as a Global Actor and explores its efforts to raise its visibility in Southeast Asia through its relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Myanmar.

Personal data protection has become one of the central issues in any understanding of the current world system. In this connection, the European Union (EU) has created the most sophisticated regime currently in force with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679. Following the GDPR's recent reform - the most extensive since the first EU laws in this area were adopted and implemented into the legal orders of the Member States - this book offers a comprehensive discussion of all principles of personal data processing, obligations of data controllers, and rights of data subjects, providing a thorough, up-to-date account of the legal and practical aspects of personal data protection in the EU. -- backcover

In the early phase of transition that started with the 1990s, Central and Eastern European Countries pursued economic restructuring of the enterprise sector that involved massive injections of state support. Also foreign investment from the West and facilitation of the development of a market economy involved massive injections of state support. With their accession to the European Union (EU), levels and forms of state aid came under critical review by the European Commission. This inquiry investigates whether the integration of the new member states operates on a level playing field with respect to state aid. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is relied upon to answer this key, as well as other, related questions. Findings suggest that in recent years a level playing field across the EU has indeed emerged. State aid in the new EU member countries is rather handled more strictly than laxer compared to the 'old' EU countries. -- Competition policy ; economic transition ; EU enlargement ; state aid

"This edited volume sets out to explore the paradox that the European Union (EU) produces policies with strategic qualities, but lacks the institutions and concepts to engage in strategic reasoning and action proper. The book has a two-fold agenda, exploring current EU external policies that are, or seem to be, linked to strategic priorities, and also studying the concept of strategy in the particular context of EU decision- and policy-making."--Jacket

This book examines the relationship between the Czech Republic and the European Union (EU). The authors examine the Czech Republic's road to EU membership in 2004 and assess how EU accession has affected or changed the Czech Republic, including its domestic politics, governing institutions and public policies. It also examines how the Czech Republic has behaved as an EU member state, addressing the questions: What are the Czech Republic's interests in the EU and how has it sought to influence EU policymaking?How have Czech interests and behaviour bee.