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Examines differences in defense policies of Spain and Portugal, relations between the two countries, with the Western European Union, with the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, and with NATO during and after the cold war.

The Portuguese successful superation of the current crisis depends on its decisions but also on the financial stabilization of the euro area and how the European Union continues to address it. The economic, political, and institutional roots of this crisis can be found nor only within the most affected countries but also in the construct and in the political management of the euro area as a whole. Despite the Portuguese structural problems and imbalances the contagion effects are obvious from the crisis timeline. Stopping contagion and preserving the stability of the whole area is the Union's most pressing objective. Adapted from the source document.

The linkage between the Portuguese economy & the 2007 international crisis -- which has been named as Great Depression -- is not clear. The major problem of the Portuguese economy is not born in recent years, since the beginning of the 21st century that we assist to the lower development rates, which has contributing to deepener the gap with the developed countries. In this article we will examine the outcomes of the Portuguese economy evolution that extrapolate the economic sphere, reaching the European Union project & the Portuguese insertion on it. Adapted from the source document.

Reached at the Euromediterranean high level summit held in Barcelona in November 2005, marking the tenth anniversary of the EMP, the main EU initiative structuring relations with the Maghreb & Mashreq in the Mediterranean has been widely viewed as a failure. Tensions between partners were apparent, & only modest success was achieved on a limited number of issues. This article considers the implications of the summit for democracy promotion in the southern Mediterranean. It argues that recent developments in the Arab world have fundamentally altered the context within which the EMP was created. Second, it is argued that while policy has been marked by "securitised" approaches in the wake of 9/11, the summit also took place amidst increased efforts to promote democracy. Finally, in the light of such developments, the article suggests that EU approaches to democracy promotion may prove to be more resilient than expected. Adapted from the source document.

The development of an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice within the European Union requires a comprehensive strategy that covers not only its internal aspects, but also an external dimension, allowing the EU to deal with threats, at its source, and through strategic partnerships with third countries. In the first part of this article, we briefly analyze how the JHA external dimension has been developed and established itself as a determining policy on the European agenda. In the second part, we demonstrate this external dimension in greater detail through the European migration policy, and how it is possible to obtain within this external action benefits for all stakeholders. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses implications of enlargement of the European Union for the balance between southern European countries and central and northern ones and between large and small states that are members of the federation.

This article examines the European Union's ability to act as an international actor in the interregional dialogues through an analysis of its behavior towards the Mercosur countries from 1991 to 2003. The first part discusses approaches concerning the perceptions of the European Union as an international actor. The second one examines the development of interregional dialogues. The article presents a brief framework of the relations European Union/Latin America during this period. It analyses the Interregional Framework Cooperation Agreement, emphasizing the political dimension, & the advances & obstacles in the negotiations towards trade liberalization. The conclusion evaluates the actions of the European Union as an international actor in relation to the Mercosur members. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

In the current article a brief commentary is made on the European political situation, in the aftermath of the profound crisis in which the Union is immersed ever since the arrival of the hurricane Euro. In the face of the complexity of the theme, the article is focused on two subjects marking the European agenda: on the one hand, the gradual rising of a different narrative about the Euro crisis vis-a-vis that which has prevailed in Germany's speech, as well as that of the main EU countries and the supranational institutions; on the other hand, the difficulties that may stand in the way of European politics at the institutional level, should the Eurozone countries -- or a hard nucleus of member-states -- decide to go ahead with a solution involving the furtherance of the integration process. Adapted from the source document.