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15 + 10: European identities ; [eine Ausstellung anlässlich des EU-Beitritts zehn neuer Mitgliedsländer am 1. Mai 2004]
In: Kataloge des Österreichischen Museums für Volkskunde 84
Kā latu nomainīs eiro: jautājumi un atbildes
Evropejski perspektivi za razvitie na nakazatelnoto zakonodatelstvo: sbornik dokladi ot naučna konferencija, organizirana ot Katedrata po nakazatelnopravni nauki na Juridičeskija fakultet na Sofijskija universitet "Sv. Kliment Ochridski", provedena v Sofija na 27 januari 2014 g
Vzaimootnošenijata meždu nacionalnija săd i Săda na ES: sbornik aktove ot Meždunarodnata konferencija ["Vzaimootnošenijata meždu nacionalnija săd i Săda na EO"], provedena na 10 - 13 septemvri 2009 g. v Sofija
In: Biblioteka Studii po Evropejsko pravo
Informal patient payments and public attitudes towards these payments: evidence from six cee countries
Informal patient payments are deeply rooted in Central and Eastern European countries. Despite the socio-political changes in the health care sectors after 1990s and the subsequent health care reforms, informal payments for health care services continue to serve patients` and physicians` interests. These payments also fill gaps in health care funding in this European region. Nevertheless, unofficial payments are not a desirable payment channel. They lack transparency and distort the efficiency and equity in health care provision. Still, the successful elimination of these payments will depend on the public attitude towards these payments. This study aims to compare public attitudes towards informal patient payments and payment experience in six Central and Eastern European: Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. The data have been collected in 2010 in nation-wide representative surveys using an identical standardized question- naire administrated via face-to-face interviews. We have collected about 1000 questionnaires in each country. The results show that a major group of respondents in each country expresses a negative attitude towards both informal cash payments and in-kind gifts. 208, 187, and 174 respondents paid informally for out-patient service in Ukraine, Romania, and Hungary respectively. We also analyse the relation between public attitudes and respondents` past experience with informal payments, e.g. whether they have paid informally payment for out-patient service used last year. In Bulgaria and Poland, negative attitude is mostly observed among those who have not paid informally. The existence of positive and indifferent attitudes towards informal pay- ments as reported in our study, indicates a challenge for policy makers in Central and Eastern European countries. The acceptance of government initiatives aimed at the elimination of informal payments will largely depend on the governments` ability to create a social resistance towards these payments.
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The Baltic States on their way to the European Union: (security aspects); 3 december 1994, Stockholm School of Economics in Riga; conference proceedings = Baltijas valstis ceḷā uz eiropas savienību
World Affairs Online