Suchergebnisse

The aim of the research is to design the model for assessment of the impact of income inequality on economic growth after investigating theoretical interpretations of the impact of income inequality on economic growth and to empirically test it in different groups of the countries. The results are grounded on the panel data of 28 EU countries over the period 1995–2014. In the first part of the Doctoral Dissertation, the content and the concept of the phenomenon of income inequality are dealt with, also discussion questions of its measurement, the theories of the impact of income inequality on economic growth are generalised, analysis of empirical research works conducted by other authors investigating the impact of income inequality on economic growth is carried out. In the second part of the Dissertation, the model for assessment of the impact of income inequality on economic growth is designed, the methods for assessment of the impact of income inequality on economic growth are substantiated and the variables used in the empirical research are discussed. In the third part of the Dissertation, it was found out that an increasing income inequality makes an ambiguous impact on economic growth through different transmission channels: the saving channel, the credit-market imperfections channel, the socio-political unrest channel, the fiscal policy channel. An ambiguous impact of income inequality on economic growth also depends on the country's income inequality level and the country's development level. As estimated in the EU countries, income inequality stimulated economic growth in the groups of the countries attributed with a higher level of income inequality and a different level of country's development. In the groups of the countries attributed with a lower level of income inequality and a different level of country's development, income inequality slowed down economic growth.

This master 's thesis examines the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in groups of EU countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth from a theoretical point of view, to create a model for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth and to test it in groups of EU countries. The first part of the work, based on the analysis of the scientific literature, defines the concept of economic growth for the country and the need to assess this problem. The concepts of foreign investment and foreign direct investment are discussed, and their significance for the country's economy is theoretically analyzed. The main theories of the country's economic growth and the importance of foreign direct investment in them are analyzed. An overview of empirical studies assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth is provided. The second part of the work presents a methodology for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. First, the research stages and the theoretical model of empirical evaluation are presented. Next, the sample and period of the investigation are justified. Also, the factors highlighted in the study and the indicators reflecting them are presented, and hypotheses are formulated. In order to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, an empirical model was developed, which will allow assessing the impact of these investments on economic growth in the groups of EU countries. The third part of the work deals with the dynamics of foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in 2000-2018, in the groups of EU countries. The final result of this study is presented - an empirical research model, and an assessment of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in the groups of EU countries during the study period is performed. Based on the results of the study, their interpretation and comparison with empirical studies performed by other researchers are performed. The results of the study confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated in EU countries has a different impact on economic growth in groups of countries with different levels of development. However, it has not been confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated abroad has a different impact on economic growth in groups of EU countries with different levels of development.

This master 's thesis examines the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in groups of EU countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth from a theoretical point of view, to create a model for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth and to test it in groups of EU countries. The first part of the work, based on the analysis of the scientific literature, defines the concept of economic growth for the country and the need to assess this problem. The concepts of foreign investment and foreign direct investment are discussed, and their significance for the country's economy is theoretically analyzed. The main theories of the country's economic growth and the importance of foreign direct investment in them are analyzed. An overview of empirical studies assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth is provided. The second part of the work presents a methodology for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. First, the research stages and the theoretical model of empirical evaluation are presented. Next, the sample and period of the investigation are justified. Also, the factors highlighted in the study and the indicators reflecting them are presented, and hypotheses are formulated. In order to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, an empirical model was developed, which will allow assessing the impact of these investments on economic growth in the groups of EU countries. The third part of the work deals with the dynamics of foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in 2000-2018, in the groups of EU countries. The final result of this study is presented - an empirical research model, and an assessment of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in the groups of EU countries during the study period is performed. Based on the results of the study, their interpretation and comparison with empirical studies performed by other researchers are performed. The results of the study confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated in EU countries has a different impact on economic growth in groups of countries with different levels of development. However, it has not been confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated abroad has a different impact on economic growth in groups of EU countries with different levels of development.

This master 's thesis examines the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in groups of EU countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth from a theoretical point of view, to create a model for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth and to test it in groups of EU countries. The first part of the work, based on the analysis of the scientific literature, defines the concept of economic growth for the country and the need to assess this problem. The concepts of foreign investment and foreign direct investment are discussed, and their significance for the country's economy is theoretically analyzed. The main theories of the country's economic growth and the importance of foreign direct investment in them are analyzed. An overview of empirical studies assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth is provided. The second part of the work presents a methodology for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. First, the research stages and the theoretical model of empirical evaluation are presented. Next, the sample and period of the investigation are justified. Also, the factors highlighted in the study and the indicators reflecting them are presented, and hypotheses are formulated. In order to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, an empirical model was developed, which will allow assessing the impact of these investments on economic growth in the groups of EU countries. The third part of the work deals with the dynamics of foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in 2000-2018, in the groups of EU countries. The final result of this study is presented - an empirical research model, and an assessment of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in the groups of EU countries during the study period is performed. Based on the results of the study, their interpretation and comparison with empirical studies performed by other researchers are performed. The results of the study confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated in EU countries has a different impact on economic growth in groups of countries with different levels of development. However, it has not been confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated abroad has a different impact on economic growth in groups of EU countries with different levels of development.

This master 's thesis examines the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in groups of EU countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth from a theoretical point of view, to create a model for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth and to test it in groups of EU countries. The first part of the work, based on the analysis of the scientific literature, defines the concept of economic growth for the country and the need to assess this problem. The concepts of foreign investment and foreign direct investment are discussed, and their significance for the country's economy is theoretically analyzed. The main theories of the country's economic growth and the importance of foreign direct investment in them are analyzed. An overview of empirical studies assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth is provided. The second part of the work presents a methodology for assessing the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth. First, the research stages and the theoretical model of empirical evaluation are presented. Next, the sample and period of the investigation are justified. Also, the factors highlighted in the study and the indicators reflecting them are presented, and hypotheses are formulated. In order to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth, an empirical model was developed, which will allow assessing the impact of these investments on economic growth in the groups of EU countries. The third part of the work deals with the dynamics of foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in 2000-2018, in the groups of EU countries. The final result of this study is presented - an empirical research model, and an assessment of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in the groups of EU countries during the study period is performed. Based on the results of the study, their interpretation and comparison with empirical studies performed by other researchers are performed. The results of the study confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated in EU countries has a different impact on economic growth in groups of countries with different levels of development. However, it has not been confirmed that foreign direct investment accumulated abroad has a different impact on economic growth in groups of EU countries with different levels of development.

The paper reveals the concept of innovations and briefly discusses the development of models of the innovation process. To evaluate the impact of innovation development on labour productivity retrospective research of the correlations of innovations and labour productivity was carried out. This enabled to generate the evaluation scheme of innovations as the factor that increases labour productivity. The research was performed using data of EU- 27 of 2001-2010. After ranking the EU states according to labour productivity, summarised the innovative index and R&D expenditures it was established that the states of high labour productivity demonstrate bigger gaps in ranking; therefore, in the first research stage it was assumed that correlation between innovation development and labour productivity is stronger in the countries of lower labour productivity. Proceeding analysis this assumption was checked by indicating correlation between the key indicator that reflects innovation development (R&D) and labour productivity using the correlation-regressive analysis. Its results show that innovation development is not the factor that predetermines labour productivity in the countries of high labour productivity; however, the impact of innovations on labour productivity in medium and low productivity countries is direct and significant, with few exceptional cases. The conclusion here might be that innovations are resources for labour productivity increase in medium and low productivity countries.

The paper reveals the concept of innovations and briefly discusses the development of models of the innovation process. To evaluate the impact of innovation development on labour productivity retrospective research of the correlations of innovations and labour productivity was carried out. This enabled to generate the evaluation scheme of innovations as the factor that increases labour productivity. The research was performed using data of EU- 27 of 2001-2010. After ranking the EU states according to labour productivity, summarised the innovative index and R&D expenditures it was established that the states of high labour productivity demonstrate bigger gaps in ranking; therefore, in the first research stage it was assumed that correlation between innovation development and labour productivity is stronger in the countries of lower labour productivity. Proceeding analysis this assumption was checked by indicating correlation between the key indicator that reflects innovation development (R&D) and labour productivity using the correlation-regressive analysis. Its results show that innovation development is not the factor that predetermines labour productivity in the countries of high labour productivity; however, the impact of innovations on labour productivity in medium and low productivity countries is direct and significant, with few exceptional cases. The conclusion here might be that innovations are resources for labour productivity increase in medium and low productivity countries.

Contemporary common characteristics of education in European Union countries were studied in the article. Main topics such as educational objectives, curriculum, teacher training and work in class were studied. Also ways of psychological, emotional, educational and vocational assistance for pupils in these countries were under review. Some important comparisons accordingly to Lithuania education could be done but it requires a special investigation.

Contemporary common characteristics of education in European Union countries were studied in the article. Main topics such as educational objectives, curriculum, teacher training and work in class were studied. Also ways of psychological, emotional, educational and vocational assistance for pupils in these countries were under review. Some important comparisons accordingly to Lithuania education could be done but it requires a special investigation.

The research analysis the protection of ethnic minority rights in Lithuania. Ethnic minority rights are a part of human rights therefore the whole analysis is based precisely on human rights. The law implementation of national minorities in Lithuania is analyzed based on national and international law acts. This analysis shows that the protection and implementation of ethnic minority rights is a relevant legal issue, largely influenced by the law of the European Union. This issue is regulated by adopting national and international law acts, however, as long as the transposition of the legal acts into the national law is not without flaws, the human rights in the field of ethnic minority right protection will be vulnerable to an improper implementation. In research ethnic minority conception is discussed, analyzing its historic aspect. It's also analyzes the constitutional status of ethnic minorities in a democratic society with reference to principle of equality in compare with prohibition of discrimination. Research analyzes an international regulation in the field of ethnic minority right protection, specifically the establishment of ethnic minority rights in the European Union legislation and in the frameworks of the United Nations. And also an ordinary legislative regulation in the field of ethnic minority right protection is discussed.

This article discusses the concept of environmental compensation and provides the examples of environmental compensation practices in various European Union countries. The principle of environmental compensation is to avoid, minimize, restore or compensate the damage to the biodiversity due to human activities, however in practice it is almost impossible to achieve no net loss to the biodiversity. European Union has issued Directive that established the principles of environmental compensation already in 2004, however until now the practices of environmental compensation in European Union countries are very fragmented. The implementation of environmental compensation principles in urban development is constrained mainly by factors such as lack of space, and the complexity of environments that are affected. There is a lack of integrated approach towards the strategies how environmental compensation should be implemented in the planning of various projects that have impact upon biodiversity. Furthermore, there is a lack of holistic approach towards the nature in legislation and practices of environmental compensation, as usually focus of instruments is on specific parts of natural environment. Ideally, the principles of environmental compensation should be an integral part of national strategies of sustainable development.

This article discusses the concept of environmental compensation and provides the examples of environmental compensation practices in various European Union countries. The principle of environmental compensation is to avoid, minimize, restore or compensate the damage to the biodiversity due to human activities, however in practice it is almost impossible to achieve no net loss to the biodiversity. European Union has issued Directive that established the principles of environmental compensation already in 2004, however until now the practices of environmental compensation in European Union countries are very fragmented. The implementation of environmental compensation principles in urban development is constrained mainly by factors such as lack of space, and the complexity of environments that are affected. There is a lack of integrated approach towards the strategies how environmental compensation should be implemented in the planning of various projects that have impact upon biodiversity. Furthermore, there is a lack of holistic approach towards the nature in legislation and practices of environmental compensation, as usually focus of instruments is on specific parts of natural environment. Ideally, the principles of environmental compensation should be an integral part of national strategies of sustainable development.