Suchergebnisse

With the coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union has become better suited institutionally to respond to the challenges, with the aim of endowing the Union with a global & integrated vision towards the promotion of security & stability. This article reflects firstly, on the evolution of the EU defense policy, secondly, on the changes & challenges introduced in this domain by the Lisbon Treaty & finally analyses European defense within the framework of the Atlantic Alliance. Adapted from the source document.

The terrorist attacks of September 2001 & March 2004 have clearly exposed the handicaps of the European Union in facing this threat. Although the time distance that separates us from these events is still insufficient to enable a more thorough reflection, there is already the certainty that terrorism will have to be dealt with in a multi-disciplinary way. In this sense, this paper aims at analyzing the present fragilities of the European Union, as well as the best strategies to overcome them. References. Adapted from the source document.

Federal aspirations underlie the integration of the European Communities/European Union since its inception. With the current crisis that started in 2007-2008, we have seen a new wave of ideas related with economic federalism. However, it is unclear what could be a concrete solution, particularly in terms of division of competences and powers between the EU and the member-states. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the major proposals and/or federalist-oriented measures to solve the Eurozone crisis. It is also an aim to assess what could be the design of a more economically integrated European Union, based on any forms of economic federalism, and discuss their implications and risks for the Portugal. Adapted from the source document.

Explores issues related to the division of responsibilities between the European Union (EU) and the member states, the European Union Charter on Fundamental Rights, and European cultural heritage. Summaries in English and French p. 332 and 334.

Examines the problem of vote distribution and the formation of majorities in the communitarian institutions of the European Union, in light of enlargement; suggests reform options. Summary in English p. 231.

The new Lisbon Treaty is a crucial moment in the history of European integration. With the new treaty, the European Union will have at its disposal important instruments to consolidate its internal & external policies. The most important changes deal with foreign, security & defense policies, creating new mechanisms that should strengthen those dimensions. The article argues that the new security & defense policies will become a major catalyst of European integration & that Portugal must be at the core of CSDP right from the start. Adapted from the source document.

Explores implications of a "European Constitution".

Explores challenges facing the European Union's (EU) political integration in context of enlargement and institutional reform. Summaries in English and French p. 332 and 334.

Relations with Russia are a strategic priority for the European Union in terms of geopolitics, economics & energy supplies. To understand their evolution, it is important to see them first through the Post Cold War paradigm & then through the new paradigm built upon the ideological confrontation of the EU's & Russia's views of Europe. The Post Cold War paradigm came to an end with the conflict in Georgia when Russia showed its willingness to change the European regional order & thus made clear how much the views of the EU & Russia have come apart. Adapted from the source document.

In November 2013, Kiev was the stage of a wave of demonstrations demanding Ukraine's association with the European Union, as well as a commitment with institutional reforms in the country. Despite the straight connection to Ukraine's internal situation, this crisis cannot be dissociated from the country's broader geopolitical and security framework. In that regard, and aiming at shedding light on the Ukrainian crisis exogenous and endogenous dynamics, this paper starts by deconstructing the conflict's internal dimension. It follows by analysing how its external dimension has contributed to the events' unfolding. The paper finishes with some final reflexions on the Ukrainian crisis and its overall consequences for European peace and security. Adapted from the source document.